近中性土壤中输气管道应力腐蚀开裂的影响因素

介绍了近中性土壤环境中输气管道应力腐蚀开裂的危害性,分析了应力腐蚀开裂的特征,重点阐述了影响应力腐蚀开裂的力学、材料和环境三个方面的因素,并指出了有效控制应力腐蚀开裂的途径和今后的努力方向     

法兰中钢材断口形貌及开裂机理分析

采用扫描显微镜和能谱相结合的分析技术,观察了法兰中钢铁断口形貌,分析其微观开裂原因。结果表明,氯化物引起钢材的应力腐蚀开裂,硫对腐蚀开裂起到了促进作用,应力腐蚀开裂引起法兰开裂。     

喹啉季铵盐和KI浓度对超级13Cr不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

在110℃、CO_2饱和、含0.2%,醋酸的CaCl_2完井液中,超级13Cr不锈钢发生了均匀腐蚀、点蚀和应力腐蚀开裂行为。添加喹啉季铵盐和KI能有效抑制超级13Cr不锈钢的均匀腐蚀和点蚀。高浓度的喹啉季铵盐和KI使得超级13Cr不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂得到有效控制。低浓度的KI使得超级13Cr不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性减小,随着浓度的升高,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性逐渐减低。而低浓度的喹啉季铵盐却促进了氢渗透过程而加剧了超级13Cr不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为。     

300M超高强度钢电化学性能及应力腐蚀开裂

采用动电位扫描技术和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了超高强度钢300M在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并利用扫描电镜观察了不同外加电位下的断口形貌.300M钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中开路电位下的应力腐蚀开裂机制为阳极溶解型,Cl-的存在明显地增加了材料的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.阳极电位-600 mV下300M钢溶解速率加快,表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,断面收缩率损失由开路电路下的52.6%升高至99.5%,裂纹起源于表面点蚀坑处,应力腐蚀开裂为阳极溶解型机制.阴极电位-800 mV下材料处于阴极保护电位范围,表现出较低的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,强度和韧度与空气中拉伸的数值相近,开裂机制为阳极溶解和氢致开裂协同作用.在更低电位(低于-950 mV)下,300M钢的应力腐蚀开裂机制为氢致开裂,在氢和拉应力的共同作用下表现出很大的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.     

硫化氢介质中注汽管材的应力腐蚀试验

应力腐蚀门槛值是评价管道抗应力腐蚀能力的重要性能参数。采用胜利油田现场使用的20g、13CrMo44、ST45．8、ST45．8．Ⅵ注汽管材，制作含有预制裂纹的恒位移双悬臂梁（DCB）试件，在H2S介质中进行了应力腐蚀试验，得到4种钢材的应力腐蚀门槛值KISCC和应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率da／dt。试验结果表明，ST45-Ⅳ钢的KISCC值最大，裂纹扩展速率最小，具有较强的抗应力腐蚀开裂能力。含碳量低、减少块状铁素体，细化组织有利于提高管材抗应力腐蚀的能力，管材在硫化氢介质中的应力腐蚀开裂属于氢致开裂和阳极溶解型混合开裂。     

某机右中外翼下壁板裂纹开裂模式研究

通过对某机右中外翼开裂下壁板裂纹源区材料的扫描电子显微镜分析，发现金相照片上有应力腐蚀、疲劳破坏的显著特征，从而得出结论，其疲劳开裂模式为由应力腐蚀诱发的腐蚀疲劳开裂。     

残余应力的产生和对腐蚀开裂的影响研究

分析了机械零件残余应力的产生原因和应力腐蚀开裂的基本条件,通过实验论述了残余应力对腐蚀开裂的影响,为控制已加工表面的残余应力提供了理论依据.     

高温水环境下温度对316 L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响

在高温水环境中,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验方法研究了温度对316 L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响规律,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对试样断口形貌进行分析. 结果表明:在高温水环境中,温度为200～345 ℃时316 L不锈钢具有应力腐蚀开裂敏感性;材料脆性指标随温度升高而增大,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增强,断口分析与之吻合;250 ℃是316 L不锈钢发生应力腐蚀开裂的敏感温度,断口边缘形貌呈现明显脆性断裂特征.     

2011-21 科技新闻媒体关注指数排行榜

 随着核电工业的发展,应力腐蚀破裂对核电站的影响已在世界范围内引起高度关注,其后果不但会造成经济损失,还可能污染环境,最重要的是可能对人造成重大伤害。应力腐蚀破裂是指敏感金属在一定的拉应力和腐蚀介质环境共同作用下发生的腐蚀断裂过程,是最普遍最严重的金属破坏形态之一。它通常有或长或短的潜伏期,是一种与时间有关的滞后开裂,当开裂条件具备后,可能在很短时间内发生开裂。应力腐蚀破裂与材料、环境、应力状态等许多因素有关,其机理、影响因素极具复杂性。     

H2SO4—NaCl溶液中奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂

在室渐下研究了奥氏不锈钢在Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＮａＣｌ溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。结果表明，应力腐蚀受外加电位和氯化物浓度的影响。在２．５（Ｈ２ＳＯ４）－０．２～０．６ＭＯＬ．ＤＭ＾－３（ＮａＣｌ）溶液中发生穿晶型应力腐蚀开裂，在极化曲线的活化－钝化过渡区电位区间发生腐蚀开裂。应力腐蚀开裂可归因于位错的滑移台阶出现而导致钝化膜的破裂。应力腐蚀可归因于位错的滑移台阶出现而导致钝化膜的破裂，再经过选择性电化学溶     

高强度马氏体钢显微组织对腐蚀行为影响的研究进展

The high strength martensite steels are widely used in aerospace, ocean engineering, etc., due to their high strength, good ductility and acceptable corrosion resistance. This paper provides a review for the influence of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steels. Pitting is the most common corrosion type of high strength stainless steels, which always occurs at weak area of passive film such as inclusions, carbide/intermetallic interfaces. Meanwhile, the chromium carbide precipitations in the martensitic lath/prior austenite boundaries always result in intergranular corrosion. The precipitation, dislocation and grain/lath boundary are also used as crack nucleation and hydrogen traps, leading to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Yet, the retained/reversed austenite has beneficial effects on the corrosion resistance and could reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Finally, the corrosion mechanisms of additive manufacturing high strength steels and the ideas for designing new high strength martensite steel are explored.     

液化石油气球罐破裂分析

通过对液化石油气球罐裂纹断口金相分析 ,得到裂纹的宏观和微观特征 .采用 EDX- 90 0 0型能量色散谱仪对腐蚀产物做了全谱成分分析 ,结果表明腐蚀产物中有 Fe S和 Ca S存在 ,因此 ,可以断定液化石油气介质中含有 H2 S.经综合分析 ,认为该液化石油气罐裂缝穿透性爆炸属应力腐蚀开裂 ,是阳极溶解腐蚀开裂和阴极氢脆开裂两种开裂形式共同作用的结果 .最后提出了相应的预防措施 :球罐焊接制造和热处理中 ,应尽可能减少焊区的残余拉应力 ;减少液化石油气介质中 H2 S和水的含量 ;加强球罐的定期探伤检测 ,早期发现裂缝 ,早期修复     

Effect of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steel——A literature review

The high strength martensite steels are widely used in aerospace, ocean engineering, etc., due to their high strength, good ductility and acceptable corrosion resistance. This paper provides a review for the influence of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steels. Pitting is the most common corrosion type of high strength stainless steels, which always occurs at weak area of passive film such as inclusions, carbide/intermetallic interfaces. Meanwhile, the chromium carbide precipitations in the martensitic lath/prior austenite boundaries always result in intergranular corrosion. The precipitation, dislocation and grain/lath boundary are also used as crack nucleation and hydrogen traps, leading to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Yet, the retained/reversed austenite has beneficial effects on the corrosion resistance and could reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Finally, the corrosion mechanisms of additive manufacturing high strength steels and the ideas for designing new high strength martensite steel are explored.     

高硫高盐工况下玻璃钢管失效机理研究

采用DN100芳胺固化环氧玻璃钢管材为试验研究对象,在实验室的条件下进行玻璃钢(GFRP)管材在含H2S、CO2、盐和水质中的腐蚀试验。通过测定分析GFRP管材腐蚀前后的环向拉伸断裂强度、巴氏硬度等性能的变化,研究了不同的H2S浓度及应力对GFRP管材物理力学性能的影响。利用红外光谱研究了不同的H2S浓度及应力对GFRP管材的化学腐蚀反应及物理腐蚀过程。研究表明DN 100芳胺固化环氧玻璃钢在高温高压作用下容易产生H2S应力腐蚀开裂。H2S应力腐蚀对于玻璃钢硬度的影响不大。加载应力后试件环向拉伸断裂强度比未加载应力试件环向拉伸断裂强度有一定程度的减小。并且未加载应力试件的环向拉伸断裂强度低于未腐蚀试件。加载应力对DN 100芳胺固化环氧玻璃钢官能团的影响并不明显。     

316L不锈钢应力腐蚀研究进展

316L不锈钢具备良好的力学性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能，被广泛应用于化工管道、船舶及核电等领域。因其应用环境复杂，316L不锈钢在特定介质环境和拉应力的协同作用下，易发生应力腐蚀开裂，导致严重事故。概述了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生及扩展的规律，总结了其应力腐蚀的阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种微观主导机制的特点。在此基础上，针对介质环境、材料、表面应力状态3个影响因素，综述了近年来通过调节介质环境的pH、溶液浓度、引入压应力、优化微观结构及涂层工艺等方面，改善316L不锈钢应力腐蚀性能的研究进展。最后，基于316L不锈钢面临的应力腐蚀问题，从应力腐蚀机制和防护措施两方面展望了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀的研究热点和方向。     

晶粒细化对金属材料腐蚀行为的影响研究进展

Grain refinement can strengthen the mechanical properties of materials according to the classical Hall–Petch relationship but does not always result in better corrosion resistance. During the past few decades, various techniques have been dedicated to refining grain, along with relevant studies on corrosion behavior, including general corrosion, pitting corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. However, the fundamental consensus on how grain size influences corrosion behavior has not been reached. This paper reviews existing literature on the beneficial and detrimental effects of grain refinement on corrosion behavior. Moreover, the effects of microstructural changes (i.e., grain boundary, dislocation, texture, residual stress, impurities, and second phase) resulting from grain refinement on corrosion behavior are discussed. The grain refinement not only has an impact on the corrosion performance, but also results in microstructural changes that have a non-negligible effect on corrosion behavior or even outweigh that of grain refinement. Grain size is not the only factor affecting the corrosion behavior of metallic materials; thus, the overall influence of microstructures on corrosion behavior should be understood.     

时效处理对7085铝合金锻件组织和腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验、剥落腐蚀试验、极化曲线及透射电镜等分析方法,研究时效处理对7085铝合金锻件腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:与T6时效合金相比,合金经T74时效的抗应力腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀性能提高但强度显著降低;经RRA时效处理,合金保持了较高强度的同时,应力腐蚀性能敏感性降低,抗剥落腐蚀性能提高;在腐蚀溶液中,极化曲线测试也表现出同样的趋势:合金经过RRA时效处理,形成粗大且不连续的晶界析出相是提高腐蚀性能的主要原因.