微电解-Fenton氧化处理难降解蒽醌染整废水试验

蒽醌染整废水的COD质量浓度ρ(COD)为750~850 mg.L-1,色度400~500倍,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)为0.10~0.13,属难生化处理废水.采用微电解-Fenton试剂催化氧化组合工艺对该废水进行处理,研究探讨该处理过程各种反应条件和工艺参数对处理效果的影响,以及难降解有机物的转化途径.当微电解柱铁炭体积比1∶1,进水pH值4.0,反应时间2.0 h,Al2(SO4)3投加量150 mg.L-1,助凝剂PAM投加量3 mg.L-1,沉淀时间30 min时,微电解-混凝沉淀处理出水的ρ(COD)为208~342 mg.L-1,ρ(BOD5)为17~30 mg.L-1,色度15~40倍;后续处理采用Fenton试剂催化氧化,当FeSO4投加量200 mg.L-1,H2O2投加量100 mg.L-1,pH值5.0,反应时间30 min时,处理出水的ρ(COD)≤50 mg.L-1,ρ(BOD5)≤10 mg.L-1,色度≤20倍数.     

高温厌氧膨胀床反应器处理木薯酒精废水试验

实验考察了厌氧膨胀床反应器(EGSB)处理木薯酒精废水的启动、运行和基质产沼气转化特性.结果表明,高温EGSB反应器接种中温颗粒污泥,需20d即可完成启动,反应器故障停运54d后进行二次启动的时间仅需10d.EGSB适宜的有机负荷是10~14kg·m-3·d-1(以COD计),稳定运行期间对化学需氧量(COD)的去除率在80%~90%之间,在标准状态下的产沼气转化率(BCR)为0.315m3·kg-1.试验期间反应器内的污泥颗粒化程度良好,直径2mm以上的大颗粒污泥增长迅速.260d时污泥挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)与总固体(TSS)质量浓度之比ρVSS/ρTSS由接种时的0.51变为0.84.启动和运行期,出水pH值随着COD去除率的变化而波动,可以通过系统出水pH大小来初步判断EGSB的运行状况.     

铁刨花对上流式厌氧污泥床反应器室温下处理城镇污水的影响

研究了室温下运行的上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器在加入工业金属加工产生的废弃物铁刨花前后对城镇污水处理效果的改变情况.结果表明,在加入铁刨花后,其出水水质得到显著提高,COD,SS的平均值分别从102,77 mg·L-1降为47,8 mg·L-1,色度、浊度平均值分别从12倍,15度降为9倍、11度,达到国家城镇污水厂污染物排放一级A标准(GB 18918-2002).出水硫化物从18 mg·L-1减少至8 mg·L-1和SS的减少是出水COD得以降低的主要原因.铁刨花在UASB反应器中所形成Fe2 在控制出水硫化物、SS浓度,降低出水COD、色度、浊度方面具有关键作用.     

温度对改进型EGSB处理城镇污水的影响

利用配水使用改进型厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)应器研究了温度对处理城镇污水效果的影响.结果表明:改进型BGSB反应器在低温时(7～13℃)能正常启动,启动后反应器中pH值保持在6.2～7.6之间,略高于高温(大于25℃)阶段的6.0～7.4之间;在高温下反应器的启动比在低温时有更好的化学需氧量(COD)去除效果,启动时间也更短;低温启动后反应器出水的碱度为400 mg·L-1、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)值为120 mg·L-1高温时出水的碱度为600mg·L-1、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)值为180 mg·L-1.稳定运行阶段,随着温度的升高,改进型EGSB系统COD的去除率从逐步升高.低温时,COD的去除率均值为63.7%,高温时,COD的去除率均值为87.0%.温度和反应器内的氧化还原电位(0RP)呈明显负相关,反应器温度变化范围为7～29℃时,ORP变化范围为-410 mV～-520 mV.     

压力曝气生物反应器处理废水的研究

压力曝气反应器采用压力曝气提高混合液的溶解氧及有机物降解速度,曝气压力为0.05~0.25 MPa;密闭塔式结构,设备最佳高度与直径比为3∶1.以乙醛废水为试验介质,在曝气压力分别为0.10,0.15,0.20 MPa时,反应器中混合液溶解氧(DO)质量浓度达到5.0,7.5,10.0 mg.L-1;有机物降解速度(以化学耗氧量COD计)分别为5.80,7.20和9.50 kg.m-3.d-1,为常压曝气的2.5~4.0倍.在曝气压力为0.15~0.20 MPa时,污泥表观产率为常压曝气的1/2~1/3左右,混合液微生物脱氢酶活性指示物(TF)质量浓度达到80μg.mL-1.应用该反应器处理味精废水,污泥龄为5~8 d,污泥质量浓度为3 500~5 000 mg.L-1,水力停留时间为7 h,曝气压力0.10 MPa,曝气量为处理水量的20~30倍,COD去除率达到97.7%,NH3-N去除率达到96.0%,处理出水达到国家一级排放标准.     

常温处理生活污水微氧EGSB反应器启动运行特性

为了研究微氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)去除生活污水中的有机物和氮、磷(N,P)营养物的快速启动和稳动运行特性,在15～26℃常温下运行EGSB反应器9个多月,对微氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥的培养过程以及稳定运行阶段化学需氧量(COD)、N、P的去除规律进行了研究.通过给EGSB反应器内适量曝气,为EGSB反应器内的颗粒污泥提供溶解氧以产生微氧环境,以曝气柱内的曝气速率来控制回流水中的溶解氧量.研究结果表明,在15～26℃时微氧颗粒污泥的成功培养需要近4个月.当水力停留时间(HRT)为3.9～4.8 h,进水流量为2.5～3.1 L/h,进水COD、NH3-N、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的质量浓度分别在213～867,26.5～72.1,31.7～81.7和3.8～17.3 mg/L范围内波动,稳定运行微氧EGSB反应器时,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到了93.4%,83.8%,74.7%和44.0%;出水平均浓度分别为29,10.0,14.0和4.7 mg/L,水质分别达到ⅠA、ⅠB、ⅠA和Ⅲ级标准;出水浊度在6 NTU左右.微氧EGSB反应器进口处氧化还原电位宜控制在+15 mV左右.微氧使得颗粒污泥沉速降低,最小颗粒污泥沉速低至11 m/h,没有出现污泥流失.稳定运行阶段污泥中混合液悬浮固体浓度达到28g/L左右,混合液中可挥发性悬浮固体与悬浮固体的质量比为0.74～0.77,说明微氧EGSB反应器已成功启动并稳定运行.     

厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器应用进展

在介绍厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)的特点的基础上,分析EGSB反应器的应用进展.EGSB采用出水回流技术,反应器内的液体具有较高的上升流速,且出水回流可稀释硫酸盐及其它有毒有害物质的浓度,污水与微生物之间可充分接触,能承受较大的有机负荷,有效避免反应器内死角和短流的产生.应用EGSB反应器处理低温低浓度污水和高浓度或有毒、难降解工业废水,COD去除率较高,具有其它厌氧反应器不可比拟的优势,可广泛应用于多种污水处理工程.     

严重受污染城市河道水的处理——以深圳布吉河为例

采用安能的HYBASTM工艺对受严重污染的深圳布吉河水进行为期8个多月的(经历冬、春、夏三季)连续处理试验.结果表明,在水力停留时间11 h、污泥停留时间11 d、混合液回流比200%~400%、污泥回流比75%的条件下,其出水氨氮浓度在0.1~4.6 mg.L-1之间,平均1.2 mg.L-1,达到GB 18918—2002一级A的标准.高于20℃时,出水氨氮浓度小于0.5 mg.L-1,HYBASTM工艺对NH3—N去除具有优良的效果.HYBASTM系统属前置反硝化工艺等诸多因素导致系统出水中仍然含有大量的NO3-—N,进而造成总氮去除效果欠佳,投加外碳源甲醇可提高其脱氮效率.出水COD、悬浮固体(SS)、总磷(TP)均能满足国家二级或三级排放标准,可考虑其他物理化学处理工艺以提高其出水水质.反应器停止运行一段时间后,在短时间内可恢复到原有的功能.     

好氧法处理抗生素废水对比试验研究

通过对比分析3种好氧活性污泥法的试验结果,表明用SBR运行工艺处理土霉素、庆大霉素发酵废水可实现高进水浓度、高容积负荷的工程处理效果:处理工艺在连续曝气、连续进出水(即普通曝气法)条件下,COD平均去除率为79.5%(进水COD浓度537.4～663.1mg.L-1,平均出水COD为128.6mg.L-1);在间断曝气、曝气期内连续进水连续出水(即间断曝气法)条件下,COD平均去除率为72.7%(进水COD浓度537.4～1544.0mg.L-1,平均出水COD浓度为315.5mg.L-1);在间歇曝气、定时进水出水(即SBR法)试验条件下,COD去除率可达78.7%～88.4%(进水COD浓度1600～12000mg.L-1,出水COD浓度357.3～2500mg.L-1).     

常温下厌氧氨氧化组合工艺处理低C与N质量浓度比的城市污水的脱氮除磷性能

在常温条件下,利用序批式反应器和序批式生物膜反应器的组合工艺(SBR+SBBR)处理低C与N质量浓度比(ρ(C)/ρ(N))城市污水。原水先进入SBR反应器,通过厌氧-好氧交替运行实现高效除磷,其出水进入SBBR反应器进行强化脱氮处理。SBBR反应器通过接种短程硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化生物膜,控制适宜溶解氧(DO)质量浓度,实现全程自养脱氮。系统稳定运行期间,原水COD质量浓度为206 mg/L,总氮质量浓度为51.52 mg/L,磷酸盐质量浓度为4.09 mg/L,出水的总氮和磷酸盐质量浓度分别为10.7 mg/L和0.17 mg/L。研究结果表明:利用该组合工艺处理低碳氮比(ρ(C)/ρ(N)=4)城市污水,不外加碳源条件下,出水氮磷均可到达一级A标准。系统稳定运行的关键在于维持SBBR反应器合理的DO质量浓度(0.2~0.5 mg/L),持续抑制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的增殖,避免硝酸盐的积累。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…