铅在三峡库区消落带土壤中的吸附-解吸特性

研究pH、有机质、离子强度和铅离子(Pb2+)浓度对三峡库区消落带土壤吸附和解吸Pb2+特性的影响,揭示三峡库区消落带土壤吸附和解吸Pb2+的规律,为三峡库区铅污染的风险评价与预测、污染治理与土地资源利用提供基础资料.选取消落带主要土壤类型紫色土为研究对象,采用模拟实验及恒温振荡平衡法,以原子吸收分光光度计测定Pb2+的吸附量和解吸量.实验结果显示,1)pH极显著地影响Pb2+的土壤吸附量(p<0.01),吸附等温线符合Henry型,最大土壤吸附量为9.720 3 mg·g-1;随着pH升高,土壤解吸量总体呈下降趋势,pH=4时土壤解吸量达最高点0.543 7 mg·g-1.2)去除土壤有机质,土壤Pb2+的吸附量和解吸量都上升,土壤吸附量上升46.04 %,土壤解吸量上升为17.21 %.3)离子强度极显著地影响Pb2+的土壤吸附量和解吸量(p<0.01),吸附等温线符合Henry型,最大土壤吸附量为10.049 0mg·g-1;随着离子强度增加,土壤解吸量从0.031 94 mg·g-1增加到最高点0.972 6 mg·g-1而趋于稳定.4)Pb2+浓度极显著地影响土壤吸附量和解吸量(p<0.01),加入Pb2+浓度的增加,土壤吸附量逐渐增加到最高点2.566 8 mg·g-1,吸附等温线符合Langmuir型,土壤解吸量逐渐增加到最大值后趋于稳定,最大解吸量为0.948 4 mg·g-1.研究表明上述因素不同程度地影响Pb2+的土壤吸附量和解吸量,从最大土壤吸附量和解吸量来看,影响Pb2+土壤吸附量的顺序是:离子强度>pH>有机质>Pb2+浓度,影响Pb2+土壤解吸量的顺序是:pH pH相似文献   

块状花生壳吸附Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的特性研究

研究块状花生壳对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附特性.考察吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH、吸附时间和溶液初始浓度等对吸附的影响,在此基础上拟合分析吸附动力学和吸附等温线.结果表明:吸附36h达到平衡,块状花生壳对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型.在25℃,Cd2+和Pb2+的初始浓度为100mg/L时,块状花生壳对二者的吸附量分别可达到10.47mg/g和17.37mg/g.     

天然高岭土对Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+),Ni~(2+),Cu~(2+)的吸附及解吸性能研究

探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH、重金属离子初始质量浓度、离子强度以及竞争吸附等因素对天然高岭土吸附水中Pb2+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Cu2+等重金属离子的影响.结果表明,pH、初始质量浓度、离子强度以及共存离子,是影响高岭土吸附重金属离子的主要因素;高岭土对Pb2+的吸附性能明显优于其它3种重金属离子,顺序为:Pb2+＞Cd2+＞Ni2+＞Cu2+;吸附等温线均符合Freundlich型等温方程,说明高岭土对这几种离子都是典型的单分子层吸附;Pb2+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Cu2+离子解吸量大小顺序为:Pb2+＜Ni2+＜Cu2+＜Cd2+.     

酒糟对模拟矿山酸性废水中Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附特征

为了探索生物质材料酒糟对重金属离子的吸附效果,采用静态吸附实验研究废水pH值、Pb2+和Zn2+初始质量浓度以及吸附时间对酒糟吸附模拟矿山酸性废水中Pb2+和Zn2+的影响. pH值为4时酒糟对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附量分别达到最高值,酒糟对Pb2+的吸附等温线特征符合Langmuir方程,对Zn2+的吸附等温线特征符合Freundlich方程,对Pb2+和Zn2+的最大吸附量分别为8.29 mg·g-1和15.31 mg·g-1.酒糟对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附反应在4 h后达到平衡,吸附动力学特征均符合拟二级动力学模型.酒糟中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的质量分数分别为23.3%、65.5%和0.5%,吸附Pb2+和Zn2+后3种物质的含量发生变化,分别为19.6%、42.3%和2.6%.酒糟电负性随pH值升高呈正比增加,吸附Pb2+和Zn2+后电负性减弱.红外光谱分析结果显示酒糟中参与吸附反应的基团主要有酰胺基和酯基.     

合成纳米锰钾矿去除废水中Cd2+的实验研究

利用合成纳米锰钾矿去除模拟废水中Cd(Ⅱ),研究不同去除反应条件对废水中镉离子去除率的影响.结果表明:合成纳米锰钾矿对水溶液中Cd2+的去除平衡时间约为2h;在Cd2+质量浓度为50mg·L-1、溶液初始pH=6.50、反应温度25℃、处理剂粒径96～120μm、每升模拟废水中投加2g合成纳米锰钾矿时,平衡后Cd2+去除率为90.6%.当Cd2+质量浓度不高于300 mg·L-1时,吸附等温线近似符合Langmuir模型,合成纳米锰钾矿最大理论吸附量为120.5mg·g-1.纳米锰钾矿对于Cd2+的去除是表面配位吸附、静电吸附、离子交换三种模式共同作用的结果.     

Removal of Cd (Ⅱ) by Synthetic Nanocryptomelane from Sewage

利用合成纳米锰钾矿去除模拟废水中Cd (Ⅱ),研究不同去除反应条件对废水中镉离子去除率的影响.结果表明:合成纳米锰钾矿对水溶液中Cd2+的去除平衡时间约为2 h;在Cd2+质量浓度为50 mg · L-1、溶液初始pH=6.50、反应温度25℃、处理剂粒径96～120μm、每升模拟废水中投加2g合成纳米锰钾矿时,平衡后Cd2+去除率为90.6％.当Cd2+质量浓度不高于300 mg·L-1时,吸附等温线近似符合Langmuir模型,合成纳米锰钾矿最大理论吸附量为120.5mg·g-1.纳米锰钾矿对于Cd2+的去除是表面配位吸附、静电吸附、离子交换三种模式共同作用的结果.     

竹炭对水溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

研究了竹炭对溶液中Cd (Ⅱ) 的吸附行为.考察了酸处理、pH值、竹碳与溶液的接触时间、投料量、吸附温度和Cd (Ⅱ)的初始浓度对吸附的影响.结果表明竹炭对镉离子的吸附是放热过程,并且符合Freundlich吸附模型,在初始浓度为15 mg·L-1、最佳酸度及287K条件下,未经处理的竹炭饱和吸附量达到11.0 mg·g-1,增加竹碳的用量,镉离子吸附率可达99%以上.     

紫外分光光度法对聚丙烯类树脂吸附Pb2+的效果研究

实验采用紫外分光光度法，以聚丙烯树脂和聚丙烯酰胺树脂作为吸附剂，对Pb2+进行吸附研究，考察吸附温度、吸附时间、金属离子的浓度、pH 值、吸附剂用量等影响因素对吸附效果的影响，从而确定最佳的吸附条件. 结果表明：吸附温度为20 ℃，吸附时间为20 min，吸附剂树脂用量为20 g·g-1，pH 值为4.0，Pb2+溶液浓度为300 mg·L-1时，吸附效果最佳.     

介孔硅酸钙的合成及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以硝酸钙和硅酸钠为原料、十二烷基磺酸钠为模板剂,通过共沉淀法制备了介孔硅酸钙;采用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和孔容与比表面积分析仪(BET)等对其结构和形貌进行了表征;考察了其对含Pb2+模拟重金属废水的吸附及解吸再生性能.结果表明,合成的硅酸钙具有介孔结构,为狭缝孔,孔径介于4-50 nm,比表面积为250.12 m2·g-1;在298 K下,介孔硅酸钙对Pb2+的饱和吸附量为613.42 mg·g-1,远比比表面积为847.47 mg·g-1的活性炭大;吸附反应为吸热反应,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型;经5次洗脱再生后,介孔硅酸钙对Pb2+的饱和吸附量和去除率仅分别降低37.64 mg·g-1和5.88%,表明其具有较好的吸附/再生性能.     

Al - MCM - 41介孔分子筛对镉离子吸附性能的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,合成Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛,通过X-ray粉末衍射、氮气吸附-脱附等温线对样品进行了表征.采用Al-MCM-41为吸附剂,乙酰丙酮为螯合剂对含有二价镉离子的溶液进行了吸附实验,结果表明:Cd2 能定量吸附在Al-MCM-41分子筛上,静态饱和吸附量约为136.86 mg/g,吸附性能符合Langmuir吸附方程特征,并且随吸附液pH值的增大,Cd2 去除率也随之增加.Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛作为吸附剂,对处理有毒金属离子的废水具有积极意义.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.