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1.
中江气田沙溪庙组气藏整体呈“三隆夹两凹”的构造格局,构造高部位的“三隆”区已经实现高效开发,但构造低部位“两凹”区河道甜点评价技术尚不完善。针对现有地质甜点着重评价储层品质,而含气性预测依赖地震解释,且多解性强的问题,将成藏与地震研究相结合,形成含气性预测精度更高的地质甜点预测技术。在地质甜点评价基础上,对甜点进行分类评价,明确各类甜点的特点与差异,建立与之相适应的工程改造技术,形成针对性的工程甜点评价技术。深化深源浅聚次生气藏的差异化成藏研究,多学科融合,形成“地质甜点”与“工程甜点”有机融合的“一体化”甜点评价技术。基于一体化甜点评价结果,结合水平井体积压裂新工艺,突破了常规储层下限,大幅提高了单井产能,实现了“两凹”区的有效动用开发。“一体化”甜点评价技术可有效评价压裂新工艺所适宜的低品质河道,推动气藏更低部位、更差储层河道的建产开发。  相似文献   

2.
 页岩气藏是一种非常规气藏,属连续型气藏,其储层结构复杂,为低孔、低渗型,对开发技术要求很高。本文简述国内外页岩气开发现状,对北美页岩气藏开展研究并总结其勘探开发成功经验,认为其有效开发的关键是甜点区优选及储层压裂改造,综合地质评价是页岩气资源投入开发的基础,储层改造技术是动用页岩气储量的核心。介绍了开发目标区优选的主要地质参数及钻完井优化的主要内容,同时结合中国页岩气井地质及工程参数实际对比,提出了页岩气成功开发的工作思路,即在水平段储层评价基础上,进行有针对性压裂射孔设计,采用适合工程参数以增大缝网改造体积和效率,进而提高单井产量。  相似文献   

3.
准确预测页岩体积压裂井的产能是确定合理开发决策的重要前提。目前页岩气井产能预测主要基于理论模型,需要理想化假设条件和不易得到的参数,导致体积压裂前的产量预测精度不高。为此,通过数据挖掘技术直接从影响产能的参数入手,突破传统理论模型的局限,首先利用灰色关联度确定影响长宁地区57口页岩气水平井压后产量的主控因素及权重,然后基于遗传算法优化的误差反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络方法,建立页岩气水平井体积压裂产能预测模型。基于该模型,针对长宁地区已生产井数据开展现场应用。应用结果表明:工程参数主要影响页岩气水平井的初期产量,总有机碳含量(total organic carbon,TOC)、单井百米液量、单井百米砂量、脆性矿物指数等工程参数是影响页岩气水平井测试产量和3个月累产气量的主控因素;TOC、I类储层钻遇长度、孔隙度、含气量等地质参数是影响页岩气水平井1年累产气量的主控因素;基于长宁地区已生产井数据建立的页岩气水平井体积压裂测试产量预测模型的平均误差为8.76%,预测误差同比多元回归模型预测降低了47.79%;基于遗传算法-误差反向传播(genetic algorithm-back propagation,GA-BP)神经网络的产能预测技术具有操作灵活和预测精度高的特点。利用大数据分析和产能预测方法为长宁地区页岩气井的产能预测提供一种新思路,提高了产能预测效率,并有效地指导现场施工。  相似文献   

4.
刘明 《河南科学》2014,(6):1069-1072
最近几年里,页岩气已经进入商业勘探开发阶段,但是页岩气作为非常规油气,需要利用水平井及大规模压裂,获得较高产量.为了对页岩气藏的可改造性进行评价,从单井岩石物理分析入手,优选拉梅常数*密度参数指示页岩层脆性矿物含量,开展叠前AVO同步反演,预测页岩层脆性矿物含量,进而优选页岩气藏工程"甜点区".  相似文献   

5.
页岩气储层水力压裂机理研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
水平井分段压裂技术是现阶段页岩气成功开发的关键技术,并逐渐形成了一系列以实现"体积改造"为目的的页岩气压裂技术,其"体积改造"的理念颠覆了经典水力压裂理论,是现代非常规储层压裂理论发展的基础。到目前为止,页岩气储层水力压裂缝网形成与扩展机理等基础理论还不完善;通过室内大型真三轴水力压裂物理模拟实验,在室内模拟出含裂缝的页岩地层,研究了裂缝性地层水力压裂过程中天然裂缝对水力裂缝扩展的影响;并分析了水力裂缝在该类型地层中的扩展模式及其影响因素。  相似文献   

6.
川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组具有良好的页岩气勘探开发潜力,利用实验、地震、测井、钻井及压裂等资料,以页岩气甜点目标评价为主线,开展地质-物探、地质-工程一体化研究,结合勘探开发实践,明确了地质综合评价、甜点目标评价体系及水平井地质-工程一体化设计等目标评价技术系列。甜点目标评价体系是以“三因素控气”地质认识为指导,建立甜点目标评价体系和标准,优选有利目标。水平井地质-工程一体化设计技术是通过优化水平井部署和压裂设计,穿好层、压好缝,提高单井产量。通过目标评价技术集成及应用,形成固定做法、固化成熟技术,高效指导川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发。  相似文献   

7.
美国Appalachian盆地Marcellus页岩气藏开发模式综述   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
随水平井钻井和分段压裂技术的进步,北美页岩气成功迈入商业化开发阶段,且大型页岩气藏不断涌现,其中以Appalachian盆地的Marcellus页岩气藏最为引人注目。在深入广泛调研国外相关文献的基础上,从地质特征、储层特征、钻井工程、水力压裂、气井生产动态等方面综述了Marcellus页岩气藏的开发模式;并对该气藏的技术进步和开发前景进行了总结。研究结果表明:Marcellus页岩气藏资源量及可采储量巨大,储层物性较好,核心区地层轻微超压、地层主要发育东北和西北走向两组天然裂缝;水平井组是目前主要布井方式,主要采用三段井身结构,水平井段长600~1 800 m;气藏开发初期井距为0.77~1.54口/km2,后期井网加密后井距可达3.09~6.18口/km2;水平井分段压裂段数为4~8段,压裂措施用水量超过18 000 m3,支撑剂用量113~340 t,泵入速度4.77~15.90 m3/min;水平井初期产气量在(4.0~25.0)×104m3/d,单井最终可采储量(0.17~1.13)×108m3。除水平井钻井和分段压裂技术外,其它多项技术也得以发展和进步。Marcellus页岩气藏开发模式综述可为国内页岩气藏的开发提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
产能预测对页岩气的高效合理开发有着重要的作用,而目前国内外对于页岩气分段压裂水平井产能的研究没有同时考虑到天然裂缝应力敏感和水力裂缝形态及渗流特征对产能的影响。为此,根据双重介质渗流理论,综合考虑了页岩储层的吸附解吸、扩散运移、天然裂缝的应力敏感效应,建立了页岩储层渗流模型;同时考虑水力裂缝的有限导流能力、裂缝方位角等因素,利用点源函数方法将裂缝离散,之后叠加建立水力裂缝模型,最后将两种模型耦合得到页岩气藏压力水平井不稳定渗流模型和产能模型。根据已建立的页岩气压裂水平井产能模型,编程计算出产能特征曲线;通过对比模拟结果分析出,与实例类似的页岩气压裂水平井的最优水力裂缝导流能为15~18 D·cm,最优缝长分布方式为外高内低的U型,最优水力裂缝间距分布为等间距分布;模拟结果与页岩气井的现场数据的对比,也验证了该模型的准确性。该研究对页岩气开发有着重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
长水平段水平井和分段水力压裂技术是提高我国页岩气单井产量的关键技术.随着页岩气勘探开发面向深层,水平井钻完井面临安全钻进风险高、高效压裂难度大和单井产量低且递减快等难题,问题的核心仍是发展页岩储层断裂、破坏和流动模型,其本质仍为页岩气储层岩石力学问题.受机理研究制约,目前在页岩储层实验测试、裂缝系统与渗流、多场耦合和孔隙弹性等方面仍需要进一步研究与突破.中国的页岩气开发虽然取得了阶段性的成果,其面临的问题仍不容忽视,发展岩石力学相关理论对页岩气开发关键技术有重要的指导意义.同时,低油价条件下清洁开发、降低工程成本和提高单井产量是贯穿页岩气全生产周期的关键问题.本文重点分析页岩气储层力学特征评价、断裂与渗流和流固耦合等机理问题及其研究进展,介绍页岩储层实验测试、井筒安全和高效开采等关键问题,讨论未来的研究方向和热点.  相似文献   

10.
水力压裂后的页岩气藏水平井渗流区域内储层呈现复杂的裂缝网络形态,考虑解吸–吸附机理的单井渗流数值模型的建立对单井产能影响因素分析具有较强的理论价值和现实意义,基于Warren-Root双重介质模型思想,建立了考虑解吸–吸附的基质渗流数学模型和裂缝渗流数学模型,并进行了差分离散方法的设计及渗流方程的IMPES方法线性化处理,最后实现了通过Gauss-Seidel迭代编程模拟。现场应用中,在页岩储层水平井压裂时的微地震结果基础上构建了地质模型,所建立的数值模型可分析压力、吸附气量、渗透率、地层物性等多个参数特征对生产的影响,并与页岩气产出规律相符,因此该简便模型可有效指导现场的工程设计及动态分析。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

15.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

16.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

17.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

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