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 共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Reciprocity of inflammation, oxidative stress and neovascularization is emerging as an important mechanism underlying numerous processes from tissue healing and remodelling to cancer progression. Whereas the mechanism of hypoxia-driven angiogenesis is well understood, the link between inflammation-induced oxidation and de novo blood vessel growth remains obscure. Here we show that the end products of lipid oxidation, ω-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) and other related pyrroles, are generated during inflammation and wound healing and accumulate at high levels in ageing tissues in mice and in highly vascularized tumours in both murine and human melanoma. The molecular patterns of carboxyalkylpyrroles are recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), but not TLR4 or scavenger receptors on endothelial cells, leading to an angiogenic response that is independent of vascular endothelial growth factor. CEP promoted angiogenesis in hindlimb ischaemia and wound healing models through MyD88-dependent TLR2 signalling. Neutralization of endogenous carboxyalkylpyrroles impaired wound healing and tissue revascularization and diminished tumour angiogenesis. Both TLR2 and MyD88 are required for CEP-induced stimulation of Rac1 and endothelial migration. Taken together, these findings establish a new function of TLR2 as a sensor of oxidation-associated molecular patterns, providing a key link connecting inflammation, oxidative stress, innate immunity and angiogenesis.  相似文献   

2.
Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-beta   总被引:65,自引:0,他引:65  
S Tsunawaki  M Sporn  A Ding  C Nathan 《Nature》1988,334(6179):260-262
Macrophage activation--enhanced capacity to kill, in a cell that otherwise mostly scavenges--is essential for host survival from infection and contributes to containment of tumours. Both microbes and tumour cells, therefore, may be under pressure to inhibit or reverse the activation of macrophages. This reasoning led to the demonstration of macrophage deactivating factors from both microbes and tumour cells. In some circumstances the host itself probably requires the ability to deactivate macrophages. Macrophages are essential to the healing of wounds and repair of tissues damaged by inflammation. Yet the cytotoxic products of the activated macrophages can damage endothelium, fibroblasts, smooth muscle and parenchymal cells (reviewed in ref. 6). Thus, after an inflammatory site has been sterilized, the impact of macrophage activation on the host might shift from benefit to detriment. These concepts led us to search for macrophage deactivating effects among polypeptide growth factors that regulate angiogenesis, fibrogenesis and other aspects of tissue repair. Among 11 such factors, two proteins that are 71% similar proved to be potent macrophage deactivators: these are transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and TGF-beta 2.  相似文献   

3.
Angiogenesis and the development of a vascular network are required for tumour progression, and they involve the release of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), from both malignant and stromal cell types. Infiltration by cells of the myeloid lineage is a hallmark of many tumours, and in many cases the macrophages in these infiltrates express VEGF-A. Here we show that the deletion of inflammatory-cell-derived VEGF-A attenuates the formation of a typical high-density vessel network, thus blocking the angiogenic switch in solid tumours in mice. Vasculature in tumours lacking myeloid-cell-derived VEGF-A was less tortuous, with increased pericyte coverage and decreased vessel length, indicating vascular normalization. In addition, loss of myeloid-derived VEGF-A decreases the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in tumours, even though overall VEGF-A levels in the tumours are unaffected. However, deletion of myeloid-cell VEGF-A resulted in an accelerated tumour progression in multiple subcutaneous isograft models and an autochthonous transgenic model of mammary tumorigenesis, with less overall tumour cell death and decreased tumour hypoxia. Furthermore, loss of myeloid-cell VEGF-A increased the susceptibility of tumours to chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity. This shows that myeloid-derived VEGF-A is essential for the tumorigenic alteration of vasculature and signalling to VEGFR2, and that these changes act to retard, not promote, tumour progression.  相似文献   

4.
Lay AJ  Jiang XM  Kisker O  Flynn E  Underwood A  Condron R  Hogg PJ 《Nature》2000,408(6814):869-873
Disulphide bonds in secreted proteins are considered to be inert because of the oxidizing nature of the extracellular milieu. An exception to this rule is a reductase secreted by tumour cells that reduces disulphide bonds in the serine proteinase plasmin. Reduction of plasmin initiates proteolytic cleavage in the kringle 5 domain and release of the tumour blood vessel inhibitor angiostatin. New blood vessel formation or angiogenesis is critical for tumour expansion and metastasis. Here we show that the plasmin reductase isolated from conditioned medium of fibrosarcoma cells is the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase. Recombinant phosphoglycerate kinase had the same specific activity as the fibrosarcoma-derived protein. Plasma of mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumours contained several-fold more phosphoglycerate kinase, as compared with mice without tumours. Administration of phosphoglycerate kinase to tumour-bearing mice caused an increase in plasma levels of angiostatin, and a decrease in tumour vascularity and rate of tumour growth. Our findings indicate that phosphoglycerate kinase not only functions in glycolysis but is secreted by tumour cells and participates in the angiogenic process as a disulphide reductase.  相似文献   

5.
J R Gordon  S J Galli 《Nature》1990,346(6281):274-276
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/cachectin is a multifunctional cytokine that has effects in inflammation, sepsis, lipid and protein metabolism, haematopoiesis, angiogenesis and host resistance to parasites and malignancy. TNF-alpha was first described in activated macrophages, but certain mouse or rat mast cell populations (reviewed in refs 4,5) and some in vitro-derived human cells with cytochemical features of mast cells-basophils may also contain products similar to TNF-alpha. Here we present evidence that resident mouse peritoneal mast cells constitutively contain large amounts of TNF-alpha bioactivity, whereas cultured, immature mast cells vary in their TNF-alpha content. IgE-dependent activation of cultured or peritoneal mast cells induces extracellular release of TNF-alpha and augments levels of TNF-alpha messenger RNA and bioactivity. These findings identify mouse mast cells as an important source of both preformed and immunologically inducible TNF-alpha, and suggest that release of TNF-alpha by mast cells may contribute to host defence, the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and other processes dependent on TNF-alpha.  相似文献   

6.
The vasculature of solid tumours is morphologically aberrant and characterized by dilated and fragile vessels, intensive vessel sprouting and loss of hierarchical architecture. Constant vessel remodelling leads to spontaneous haemorrhages and increased interstitial fluid pressure in the tumour environment. Tumour-related angiogenesis supports tumour growth and is also a major obstacle for successful immune therapy as it prevents migration of immune effector cells into established tumour parenchyma. The molecular mechanisms for these angiogenic alterations are largely unknown. Here we identify regulator of G-protein signalling 5 (Rgs5) as a master gene responsible for the abnormal tumour vascular morphology in mice. Loss of Rgs5 results in pericyte maturation, vascular normalization and consequent marked reductions in tumour hypoxia and vessel leakiness. These vascular and intratumoral changes enhance influx of immune effector cells into tumour parenchyma and markedly prolong survival of tumour-bearing mice. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of reduced tumour angiogenesis and improved immune therapeutic outcome on loss of a vascular gene function and establishes a previously unrecognized role of G-protein signalling in tumour angiogenesis.  相似文献   

7.
血管新生是从现有血管中长出新血管的生理学过程,是生长和发育中的一种常见现象。同时也是肿瘤组织从良性转化为恶性过程中的基本步骤。因此,血管新生活动可以被认为是肿瘤生长及抑制的检测方式。精确的估计血管骨架是血管量化和可视化诊断的先决条件。文中给出一种基于Otsu算法初步分割图像和利用离散高斯核函数偏微分卷积图像的方法提取CAM血管骨架。该算法能准确的提取血管的骨架信息,有很好的鲁棒性。  相似文献   

8.
Tumour biology: herceptin acts as an anti-angiogenic cocktail   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
Izumi Y  Xu L  di Tomaso E  Fukumura D  Jain RK 《Nature》2002,416(6878):279-280
Malignant tumours secrete factors that enable them to commandeer their own blood supply (angiogenesis), and blocking the action of these factors can inhibit tumour growth. But because tumours may become resistant to treatments that target individual angiogenic factors by switching over to other angiogenic molecules, a cocktail of multiple anti-angiogenic agents should be more effective. Here we show that herceptin, a monoclonal antibody against the cell-surface receptor HER2 (for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; ref. 4), induces normalization and regression of the vasculature in an experimental human breast tumour that overexpresses HER2 in mice, and that it works by modulating the effects of different pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. As a single agent that acts against multiple targets, herceptin, or drugs like it, may offer a simple alternative to combination anti-angiogenic treatments.  相似文献   

9.
Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia   总被引:147,自引:0,他引:147  
J Folkman  K Watson  D Ingber  D Hanahan 《Nature》1989,339(6219):58-61
It is now well established that unrestricted growth of tumours is dependent upon angiogenesis. Previous studies on tumour growth, however, have not revealed when or how the transition to an angiogenic state occurs during early tumour development. The advent of transgenic mice carrying oncogenes that reproducibly elicit tumours of specific cell types is providing a new format for studying multi-step tumorigenesis. In one of these models, transgenic mice expressing an oncogene in the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets heritably recapitulate a progression from normality to hyperplasia to neoplasia. We report here that angiogenic activity first appears in a subset of hyperplastic islets before the onset of tumour formation. A novel in vitro assay confirms that hyperplasia per se does not obligate angiogenesis. Rather, a few hyperplastic islets become angiogenic in vitro at a time when such islets are neovascularized in vivo and at a frequency that correlates closely with subsequent tumour incidence. These findings suggest that induction of angiogenesis is an important step in carcinogenesis.  相似文献   

10.
运动人体科学界、运动医学界普遍认为炎症诱导肌卫星细胞激活的机制是运动性骨骼肌适应的最重要机制。运动肌会因机械损伤、缺血/再灌注、钙离子升高尤其牵拉激活型Ca^2+通道激活导致的Ca^2+升高,产生肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumornec rosisfactor,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)等各种促炎症因子。这些细胞因子以内皮细胞为媒介将白细胞尤其是中性粒细胞由血液引向骨骼肌组织导致炎症发生。一定范围内或一定程度的炎症反应过程中,炎症造成的缺氧及炎症募集的ED^2+巨噬细胞产生的成纤生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子-1会激活卫星,随着卫星细胞内各种肌源性调节因子的程序性合成,卫星细胞并从G0期重返细胞周期,进行细胞的增殖,既实现卫星细胞的自我更新、维持,又有序地进行细胞分化、同损伤肌细胞融合,最终完成骨骼肌的正常生长、损伤肌肉的修复及再生。  相似文献   

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