北美冬青光合作用日变化特征及其与生理生态因子的关系

为揭示北美冬青光合作用日变化规律及其影响因子,采用美国LI-COR公司生产的LI-6400XT便携式光合测量系统测定了北美冬青叶片光合作用及生理生态因子的日变化过程.结果表明,郑州地区引种的北美冬青,其净光合速率和气孔导度的日变化呈"双峰"型曲线,在11:00和15:00达到峰值,13:00达到最小值,光合作用存在明显的"午休现象".蒸腾速率为"单峰"型,而胞间CO_2浓度呈U型曲线.北美冬青光合作用的各生理生态因子的相关性分析表明,气孔导度与净光合速率显著负相关,对净光合速率起决定作用;蒸腾速率和胞间CO_2浓度对光合作用显著正相关;光合有效辐射、大气温度与净光合速率呈不显著的正相关关系.     

小型西瓜新品系苗期对亚适温弱光的适应性差异研究

通过研究亚适温弱光下4个小型西瓜新品系的叶绿素含量、光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数等的变化,比较和评价小型西瓜新品系对亚适温弱光逆境的适应性差异。结果表明:亚适温弱光胁迫使小型西瓜幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度和气孔导度、光合量子效率、光化学猝灭、非光化学猝灭下降。不同品系相比,处理前后均以‘W005×M04’和‘S-12×X-4’幼苗叶片的净光合速率最高,‘W005×M04’幼苗叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度值最小,以‘S-2-6×T10’和‘新5×X-4’2个品系的净光合速率最低,蒸腾速率、气孔导度值最大;处理前4个新品系幼苗叶片胞间CO2浓度、光合量子效率、最大光化学效率、非光化学猝灭无差异,处理后以‘W005×M04’和‘S-12×X-4’幼苗叶片的光合量子效率、最大光化学效率、非光化学猝灭值最大,降幅最小;‘W005×M04’的胞间CO2浓度最大,‘S-2-6×T10’和‘新5×X-4’最小。因此亚适温弱光逆境的适应性差异由强到弱依次为:‘W005×M04’>‘S-12×X-4’>‘S-2-6×T10’和‘新5×X-4’。     

两个美国山核桃品种的光合生理特性比较

利用Li-6400光合测定仪于2010年8月下旬对同一立地条件下美国山核桃两个品种（Elliott和James）的光合生理指标及叶绿素含量进行测定,结果表明：（1）两个品种的净光合速率及蒸腾速率日变化呈双峰曲线,但峰值的大小和出现的时间不一致;（2）两个品种的净光合速率均与光合有效辐射、胞间CO2浓度、大气温度等因子呈负相关,而与气孔导度呈极显著的正相关,说明气孔导度是影响其光合速率的主导因子;（3）品种James的叶绿素a、b的值比Elliott的高,而叶绿素a/b的值比Elliott的低;品种James的光补偿点较Elliott的低,而最大净光合速率及表观量子效率较Elliott的高,表明James品种耐阴性较强,光适应范围较大,更适应于皖北地区的生态环境。     

北京城市绿地三种常见林木冠层光合作用特征

城市公园绿化树种的选择需要观测数据的支持,毛白杨、垂柳、白蜡是北京最常见的主要树种,因此夏季晴天在北京市海淀公园林地使用便携式光合作用测量系统LI-6400观测自然光照条件下上述3种林木冠层叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度等光合生理指标,分析其日变化规律及影响因素。结果表明,净光合速率与蒸腾速率日变化趋势呈现单峰型或双峰型曲线,净光合速率、蒸腾速率的最高峰值分别在17. 0～22. 0μmol CO_2/(m~2·s)和1. 8～2. 3 mmol H_2O/(m~2·s)。毛白杨和白蜡光合参数的日均值相差不大,但毛白杨和白蜡的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度日均值均高于垂柳的日均值,胞间CO_2浓度日均值低于垂柳的日均值。林地冠层叶片的净光合速率与蒸腾速率呈显著的正相关关系(P 0. 05);净光合速率和蒸腾速率与气孔导度、光合有效辐射呈显著的正相关关系,此外净光合速率与胞间CO_2浓度呈显著的负相关关系。毛白杨和白蜡具有较强的光合作用能力,更适用于城市绿化。     

水分胁迫对白三叶光合特性的影响

以品种"海发"为试材,研究了水分胁迫对白三叶(Trifolium repens)叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明,土壤相对含水量为75%和50%时,白三叶的光合参数日变化呈双峰趋势,叶绿素荧光参数受到的影响不大,说明白三叶在这两种水分条件下能够正常生长;土壤相对含水量为25%时,PSⅡ反应中心遭到破坏,原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ电子传递量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数降低;净光合速率、蒸腾速率下降明显,日变化曲线表现为单峰特征,气孔导度显著降低,而胞间CO2浓度升高,非气孔限制成为Pn下降的主要原因;说明白三叶在重度干旱(HD)条件下,生理机能遭到破坏,不能正常生长.     

水杨酸对温度胁迫下紫御谷幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以紫御谷为材料,研究了水杨酸对温度胁迫(高温和低温)下紫御谷幼苗生长及光合特性的影响,结果表明:①高温和低温胁迫显著降低了紫御谷幼苗的根冠比、根系活力、总根长和平均根直径,使根系生长受到抑制,而水杨酸处理则提高了其根冠比、根鲜物质量、茎鲜物质量和根系活力;②高温胁迫显著降低了紫御谷叶片的叶绿素a、总叶绿素质量分数和净光合速率,而水杨酸处理显著提高了紫御谷叶片的净光合速率.低温胁迫使紫御谷幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著低于常温对照,而水杨酸处理后,叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均有所升高.③高温胁迫下,紫御谷幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)、光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和光下PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)与常温对照相比差异不显著,而低温胁迫下的Fv/F和ΦPSⅡ则显著低于常温对照,喷施水杨酸后Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ均低于低温处理组,且Fv/Fm差异显著,由此推断低温胁迫可能使PSⅡ反应中心受到不可逆的损害.     

不同小麦品种剑叶的光合速率、影响因素及其与穗重关系的研究

作者选取四川推广的主要小麦品种(系)15个，在灌浆期测定其剑叶的叶绿体含量，并分二次测定其净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率．收获期取样测定单穗重、收获指数和生物产量．统计分析表明，单稳重1．6g以下和收获指数46％以下的品种，灌浆前期的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率较高，灌浆后期较低．单穗重1．6g以上和收获指数48％以上的品种，表现正好相反．这表明较高的灌浆速率和较长的灌浆时间有利于提高穗重和改善光合产物的分配．在灌浆初期，剑叶的净光合速率与单穗重和收获指数呈负相关或相关不显著，但灌浆后期却表现极显著正相关．净光合速率与灌浆后期的胞间CO2浓度、与前期和后期的气孔导度均呈显著正相关，但与蒸腾速率无关．这说明，净光合速率的高低与气孔因素的关系大于非气孔因素．     

等行距密植下滴水量对不同耐旱性棉花品种光合特性的调节

为明确等行距密植机采模式下滴水量对耐旱性不同棉花品种光合特性和生物量的调节效应，以耐旱性品种新陆早22号(P22)和敏旱性品种新陆早17号(P17)为试材，设亏缺滴灌(W1)、限量滴灌(W2)、常规滴灌(W3)处理，研究滴水量对棉花叶片SPAD值、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数以及干物质积累与分配的影响。结果表明，叶片SPAD值和RWC随滴水量减少呈降低趋势，但P22在W2和W3处理下各生育时期均无显著性差异；随滴水量的减少，P17的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)、实际光化学效率(Y(II))、和光化学猝灭系数(qP)均呈显著性降低，非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈显著增加，但滴水量从W3减少至W2时，P22的Pn、Gs、Ci、Y(II)、qP和NPQ无显著变化；在干物质积累方面，W2条件下，P17吐絮期的营养器官和生殖器官分别比W3下降16.7%和15.1%,P22仅下降7.6%和3.3%;相关性分析表明生殖器官生物量和SPAD、RWC、Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Y(II)、qP均呈显著正相关，与NP...     

烟草生长、光合特性及品质对水分胁迫的响应研究

以云烟97为材料,采用人工控制土壤含水量的方法设置了轻度和重度水分胁迫,研究烟草生长、光响应特性、叶绿素荧光及品质对水分胁迫的响应.结果表明:1)水分胁迫抑制烟草植株的生长.2)胁迫处理下净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率下降,但差异无统计学意义.重度水分胁迫下叶片胞间CO_2浓度显著上升,这表明在干旱条件下,烟草叶片光合作用的抑制受到气孔与非气孔因素的双重影响.3)随水分胁迫程度增加,叶片光补偿点和暗呼吸速率逐渐上升而光饱和点和最大净光合速率则持续降低.4)胁迫的强度会在水分逐渐降低的时候不断增强,同时伴随的还有初始荧光的变化,呈现出先降后升的趋势,而最大荧光以及PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭和实际光化学效率不断降低而非光化学猝灭不断增加.这表示光合器官在轻度水分胁迫时没有受到明显影响,而重度胁迫则造成PSⅡ反应中心破坏.5)水分胁迫处理后烟草化学成分发生改变,轻度水分胁迫的烟草品质协调性分值最高,达95.85,表明适当地进行烟草中的水分胁迫处理能够提高烟草品质.     

纳米氧化硅对髯毛箬竹光合荧光特性的影响

以髯毛箬竹为试验对象,采用叶面喷施的处理方法,研究不同质量浓度的纳米SiO2(150、300、450 mg/L)对髯毛箬竹光合荧光特性的影响。结果显示:在整个试验期间,与对照相比,各浓度的纳米SiO2处理均能不同程度地促进髯毛箬竹净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等气体交换参数和PSⅡ潜在活性、有效光化学量子产量、实际光化学量子产量、电子传递速率和光化学猝灭系数等叶绿素荧光参数的升高,其中以300 mg/L纳米SiO2处理效果最佳。该浓度纳米SiO2处理21 d时以上各参数分别比对照增加23.6%、34.9%、20.4%、8.8%、7.9%、26.6%、34.1%和19.3%,均与对照差异显著(p<0.05)。但对胞间CO2浓度和PSⅡ最大光化学效率的影响作用不明显(p>0.05),处理后期对非光化学猝灭系数有明显抑制作用。实验结果说明适当浓度的纳米SiO2能有效改善髯毛箬竹叶片气孔导度,促进叶片对光能的吸收、传递和转化,增大光系统Ⅱ反应中心的开放程度,降低光能热耗散,提高光系统Ⅱ的实际光化学效率和电子传递速率,进而提高髯毛箬竹的净光合能力。叶肉细胞光化学活性的提高是纳米SiO2促进髯毛箬竹光合能力提高的主要因素。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.