慢性阻塞性肺疾病病的护理体会

慢性阻塞性肺疾病[1] ( COPD)是一组以不可逆和 (或 )有可逆成份的、肺内慢性气流阻塞为特征的疾病的统称 ,严重影响着患者的劳动能力和身心健康。据统计 ,在我国 90 %以上的慢性肺心病继发于COPD,在美国 ,COPD是疾病导致死亡的十大原因之一 ,因此 ,提高 COPD的护理水平对协助康复、延缓病情发展非常必要。我院 1 996年 1月至 1 999年6月共收治慢性阻塞性肺疾病 2 0 0例 ,现将护理体会介绍如下。1　临床资料本组 COPD病人男性 1 41例 ,女性 59例 ;最大年龄 84岁 ,最小年龄 52岁 ,平均年龄 68岁 ;病程1 0至 40年 ,平均 2 5年。其中慢…     

社区老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的家庭肺康复锻炼指导

本文针对社区日益增多的老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,总结了近年来我们如何充分利用医学院校学生资源,对社区缓解期老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者实施家庭肺功能康复锻炼指导的体会,旨在为社区老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的家庭肺功能康复锻炼提供借鉴。     

RELMβ在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺组织中的表达

目的:研究抵抗素样分子β(resistin like molecule beta,RELMβ)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺组织中的分布及表达。方法:采集暨南大学附属第一医院因肺癌入院行肺叶切除术的19例肺组织标本,分为COPD组(10例)和对照组(9例)。采用HE染色、免疫组织化学染色及Western blot方法,检测RELMβ蛋白的表达情况。结果:COPD组患者肺组织中RELMβ的表达(2.657±0.387)明显高于肺功能正常组(0.386±0.072)(P<0.05),且与肺功能主要指标(FEV1%预计值、FEV1/FVC%)呈负相关;与吸烟指数呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。结论:RELMβ可能参与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发病过程。     

基质金属蛋白酶与慢性阻塞性肺疾病

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种以进行性气流阻塞为特征的慢性气道炎症性疾病,其发病机制复杂。近年来,随着对COPD肺实变和气道病变研究的日益深入,发现基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)与COPD有重要关系。本文就MMP及MMP在COPD的作用进行简要介绍。     

无创正压通气治疗高海拔地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病并肺性脑病临床分析

观察高海拔地区无创正压通气(NPPV)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)呼吸衰竭并肺性脑病患者的疗效。47例来自海拔1517m的兰州慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭并肺性脑病患者,使用NPPV治疗组24例和对照组23例,治疗组除常规治疗外,加NPPV治疗,对照组给予常规抗感染、平喘、化痰和鼻导管低浓度吸氧及呼吸兴奋剂治疗,分别记录两组患者治疗前及治疗后2h的神志、呼吸、血压、血气分析及症状和体征的变化。NPPV治疗组2h后患者神志、血pH值、动脉血二氧化碳分压、氧分压与常规治疗组有显著性差别(P0.05)。高海拔地区NPPV能迅速改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭并肺性脑病患者的神志、二氧化碳潴留、缺氧情况,血气分析pH、PaO2、PaCO2、均较前有明显的改善(P0.05)。NPPV是治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭并肺性脑病的重要手段,与平原地区报道的肺性脑病NPPV相比参数的设置有些差别。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并贫血与炎症相关研究

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并贫血患者与炎症的关系。方法根据贫血标准对273例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者进行调查,对其中合并贫血的COPD患者(贫血组)40例和非贫血的COPD患者(非贫血组)40例为研究对象。常规行肺功能(FEV1%)检查,测定血清细胞因子白细胞介质IL-6、IL-8与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及流式细胞仪检测CD4+、CD8+T细胞,并计算其相关性。结果贫血组患者的炎症指标IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平高于非贫血组(P<0.05),CD4+/CD8+T细胞比例低于非贫血组(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论 COPD患者合并贫血可能与炎症相关。     

SGRQ评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病生活质量的临床价值研究

目的：应用呼吸问卷（SGRQ）评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者生活质量的价值。方法：对46例COPD患者进行SGRQ评分及肺功能测定,并对其结果作相关性分析,随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组患者经吸入糖皮质激素,治疗一月后,将对照组及治疗组再进行SGRQ评分和肺功能结果进行配对t检验,评价SGRQ对COPD病情变化的敏感性。结果：两组SGRQ总体分与肺功能相关性较好,表明吸入激素后SGRQ比较评分有明显改善（P〈0.001）,较肺功能改善更敏感。结论：SGRQ是评价COPD患者生活质量有效、敏感、可行的方法,吸入激素治疗改善了COPD患者生活质量。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病研究热点

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease，COPD）是一种以肺部持续性气流阻塞和呼吸困难为特征的疾病。肺气肿、慢性支气管炎和某些类型的哮喘均属于COPD的范畴。《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球防治倡议》将COPD定义为：“一种以不完全可逆性气流受限为特征的疾病状态。这种气流受限通常呈进行性加重并与肺脏对有害颗粒或气体的异常炎症反应相关。”（2013年克利夫兰临床肺动脉高压峰会研究报告）     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗依从性调查

为了探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者治疗依从性及其影响因素,采用问卷调查法对162例COPD患者的疾病认知、治疗依从性进行调查.结果显示,40.7%的患者治疗依从性好,回归析分检验示COPD治疗依从性与病程、定期复查、疾病认知水平、医患关系、家庭经济水平相关.COPD患者治疗依从性为中下水平,主要影响因素是疾病认知水平、医患关系、病程、家庭经济负但、定期复查,改善医患关系与加强健康教育可提高病人的治疗依从性.     

出院指导对预防慢性阻塞性肺疾病复发的影响

<正>慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是内科常见病,多发病,尤其是反复发作,严重者合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭,病死率极高,因此,如何提高COPD患者的治疗和护理效果,减少反复发     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the