新型储氢复合材料Mg／MWNTs的氢化性能

采用催化反应球磨方法，研制成复合材料Mg-MWNTs(ω=5％，20％)。利用储放氢实验装置，测试了Mg／MWNTs吸放氢动力学性能。研究发现，复合材料Mg-MWNTs(ω=5％，20%)在298K和2．0MPa氢压时最大储氢量都很低；在373K、473K和553K温度时，Mg-5％(ω)MWNTs的最大储氢量分别为5．34％、5．89％和6．08％；而Mg-20％(ω)MWNTs只有2．11％、2．68％和2．75％。与其它储氢复合材料相比，复合材料Mg-5％(ω)MWNTs在保持较好的最大储氢量基础上，具有很好的吸放氢动力学性能。     

Mg+x% Mm(NiCoMnAl)5复合储氢材料吸放氢性能研究

采用高能球磨法制备了Mg x%Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5(x=10、20、30和40)纳米晶和非晶混合结构的复合储氢材料,并对其结构和吸放氢性能进行了研究．XRD结果表明,Mg与Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5球磨200h后有Mg_2Ni和La_2Mg_(17)相生成．吸氢动力学研究发现,在423K和3．4 MPa下,随着x增大,吸氢速率和最大吸氢量都出现了先增大后减小的趋势．当x=20时,复合材料的吸氢性能达到最佳,其最大吸氢速率达到0．45%/s,50s内即可吸氢3．6%．热重分析结果表明,Mg的氢化物相放氢温度降低到259℃(x=40)．     

Mg+10%TiFe1-xCrx(x=0,0.3)复相合金的储氢特性

采用高能机械球磨法制备了Mg 10%TiFe1-xCrx(x=0,0.3)复相储氢合金,对比研究了球磨复相合金和球磨纯镁的微结构与储氢性能.研究结果表明:在纯Mg中添加质量分数为10%的TiFe1-xCrx(x=0,0.3)进行复合球磨,可以明显提高其吸放氢性能;在相同温度条件下,x=0.3的含铬复相合金具有最佳的吸放氢性能,其中在613 K下的吸氢容量(氢的质量分数)为7.14%,放氢容量(氢的质量分数)为6.91%;在493～573 K的较低温度下,含铬复相合金表现出更好的放氢动力学性能.通过XRD、SEM、EDS分析研究表明,TiFe1-xCrx(x=0,0.3)合金粉以细小颗粒的形式分散镶嵌在镁粉基体上成为催化活性点,改善了体系的吸放氢性能.     

放电等离子烧结制备Mg2-xNdxNi（x=0～0.3）储氢合金

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺制备了Mg2-xNdxNi(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)储氢合金.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了合金的相结构和表面形貌,利用等容压差法分析测试了合金的压力--组成--温度(PCT)曲线和吸放氢动力学性能,研究了烧结温度、稀土元素Nd对储氢合金微观组织结构和储氢性能的影响,比较了SPS技术与真空感应熔炼法制备的Mg基合金组织结构和储氢性能的异同.结果表明:SPS制备的Mg2-xNdxNi(x=0～0.3)系列储氢合金具有多相结构,储氢合金的吸放氢动力学性能良好;Nd元素有利于Mg合金化,不利于储氢量;烧结温度对储氢量、PCT曲线平台性能有明显影响;当Mg2-xNdxNi系合金中含有Mg和NdMg12相,PCT曲线出现双平台现象;与铸态合金相比,SPS制备的Mg1.7Nd0.3Ni储氢合金的吸放氢动力学性能较好,但储氢容量、放氢率和PCT曲线平台性能更差.     

低温球磨制备Mg-4%Ni-1%NiO储氢材料及其性能

采用低温球磨技术制备了Mg-4%Ni-1%NiO储氢材料,主要研究低温球磨时间对材料形貌结构以及储氢性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析材料的形貌和相组成,采用压力-组成-温度(P-C-T)设备研究材料的储氢性能.结果表明:分别经过2、4和7 h球磨后,材料的相组成没有发生明显改变,只有极少量的Mg2Ni合金相生成.随着球磨时间的延长,材料的平均粒度逐渐下降,作为催化剂的Ni、NiO相逐渐揉进基体内部.伴随着上述变化,材料的活化性能、吸氢性能逐渐提高,球磨到7 h后材料仅需活化1次即可达到最大吸放氢速率,初始吸氢温度降为60℃,在4.0 MPa初始氢压和200℃下吸氢量为6.4%(质量分数),60s即可完成饱和吸氢量的80%,10min内完成饱和吸氢量的90%;材料的放氢性能则在球磨4 h后已经基本保持不变,0.1MPa下初始放氢温度为310℃,在350℃、0.1MPa下材料可在500s内释放饱和储氢量的80%.     

MgH_2-Nb_2O_5体系吸氢动力学性能

采用高能球磨法成功制备了MgH_2H_2+x mol%Nb_2O_5(x-0.1、0.5、1和2)材料,并研究了Nb_2O_5添加量对MgH_2吸氢动力学性能的影响规律.XRD结果显示,Nb_O_5的加入未生成新相,晶粒大小约为30 am.SEM结果表明,Nb_2O_5的加入使颗粒变小.TEM结果表明,该材料具有纳米/非晶态的混合结构.这些结构有利于氢的吸附和扩散,可提高其动力学性能.吸氢动力学结果显示,当Nb_2O_5含量达1 mol%时,动力学性能最佳.该体系在523 K时500 s内吸氢量达到4.0%,20 s即达到最大吸氢速率为0.09%/8,573 K时500 s内吸氢量为4.7%.研究还发现,在523 K时,随Nb_2O_5含量的增加,吸氢量逐渐降低,这主要是由于不吸氢的Nb_2O_5含量的增加造成的;而在473 K时,随Nb_2O_5含量的增加,吸氢量却随之增加,此时起主要作用的是其催化能力.     

铸态MgYNi合金的储氢性能（英文）

采用真空悬浮熔炼炉制备了Mg79YNi20和Mg77Y3Ni20两种镁基合金,系统研究了Y含量对合金结构和储氢性能的影响.结果表明,Y含量的增加显著改善了合金的吸放氢动力学,尤其是快速吸氢性能。随Y含量的增大,合金的放氢温度从567K降低到485K.将等温下吸氢量随压力变化(PCI)的数据带入Van’t hoff方程,计算得出的焓变和熵变显示,Y替代量加量的增加有效降低了合金的热力学稳定性.     

基于X(X=Sc,Ce,Pr,Sm)单质原位球磨合成的NaAlH4储氢性能

为改善铝氢化钠(NaAlH_4)的储氢性能,以过渡元素和稀土元素X单质(X=Sc,Ce,Pr,Sm)、NaH和Al为反应物,基于预球磨和加氢球磨两步制备方法,原位合成被掺杂的NaAlH_4。XRD分析结果显示NaAlH_4合成效果很好,放氢也很彻底。吸放氢性能测试显示,添加Sc情况下首次放氢量最高(达5.2wt%,达到理论容量的99%),并且有最好的吸氢动力学。添加稀土单质时的容量保持率都明显高于添加Sc的情况,其中添加Sm情况最好;添加Ce情况下起始放氢温度(90℃)最低,吸氢动力学是3种稀土元素中最好的,但其最大放氢量最低。这4种单质没有一种能在所有性能都位居最优。基于本文所采用低剂量单质掺杂剂原位合成的NaAlH_4表现出良好的储氢性能,主要是因为球磨过程中单质添加剂能与基体产生反应,原位产物能与基体形成紧密耦合,甚至从体内激活基体,从而获得良好的催化效果。     

金属催化剂对储氢材料(90-x)Mg5C5NCxM(M=Al,Mo或Ni,x=0～10)性能的影响

添加金属催化剂是改善镁基储氢材料储氢性能的有效方式。为研究金属Al,Mo,Ni对镁碳材料的储氢性能的催化作用,用氢气反应球磨法制备了镁碳储氢材料(90-x)Mg5C5NCxM(C=无烟煤基微晶碳,NC=针状焦,M=Al,Mo或Ni,x=0～10),并用排水法放氢测试装置和差示扫描量热分析仪对材料的放氢性能进行了测试。结果表明,添加适量的金属催化剂均能够提高材料的储氢密度,其中添加0.5%的Al可使储氢密度提高11.9%,达4.7%,但Al添加量≥2%时,物料在球磨时容易发生焊接,导致储氢密度降低;Ni具有催化储氢材料放氢的作用,材料89Mg5C5NC1Ni的初始放氢温度仅206.4℃,比不添加Ni时降低了119.2℃。     

球磨时间对TiZr氢化物掺杂NaAlH4储放氢性能的影响

采用XRD、Sievert等容法储放氢性能测试、SEM等分析手段,研究了球磨工艺对TiZrH1.7～1.9氢化物掺杂NaAlH4材料的形态、物相及可逆储放氢性能的影响.研究结果表明:TiZrH1.7～1.9氢化物掺杂NaA1H4可以实现可逆吸放氢,其中球磨10 h的复合储氢材料在160℃、0.1 MPa放氢条件下,总放氢量(质量分数)达4.5%,40 min可逆放氢量超过3.0%,显示了良好的储放氢动力学性能;TiZrH1.7～1.9氢化物在复合储氢材料吸放氢前后保持物相和结构不变,对NaAlH4配位氢化物的可逆储放氢反应起到了催化改善作用.     

Mg-50wt.%Ti_(1-x)C(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)合金的贮氢性能研究

采用机械合金化方法制备Mg-50wt.%Ti1-xCx(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)贮氢合金.x-射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,合金主要由Mg、Ti、c以及二元合金相Ti2C0.06和Mg2C3组成,随着球磨时间增加,合金的非晶化程度提高.压强-成分-温度(Pcr)测试结果显示,Mg-50wt.%Ti1-xC(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)合金的贮氢量分别为2.96、2.95、2.76、2.6wt.%;随着碳含量的增加,样品吸氢量逐渐减少,放氢温度和平台压也随之下降;适当增加球磨时间可降低吸放氢温度.     

MWNTs/掺溴聚苯胺复合材料导电性能研究

用化学氧化法和溴蒸气掺杂合成掺溴聚苯胺,通过机械共混制备MWNTs/PANI和MWNTs/掺溴PANI复合材料.复合材料表现出良好的导电性能,电导率达5～10 S·m~(-1),接近纯MWNTs的电导率.采用红外光谱、热重分析、紫外可见光谱、X射线粉末衍射和X射线光电子能谱研究MWNTs/掺溴PANI复合材料的导电性能和导电机理.研究表明,MWNTs和被掺杂的掺溴PANI通过π-π和p-π共轭作用形成电子转移复合物,组成了一个个独立导电单元,在复合材料的导电体系中起主要作用,随着导电单元数量增加至相互接触,形成导电网络,复合材料的电导率达到最大值.     

H2在金属钾修饰碳纳米管上的吸附与储存

利用高压容积法、辅以卸压升温脱附排水法,测定金属钾修饰多壁碳纳米管(K~0-MWCNTs)对H_2的吸附储存容量。结果表明,在室温(～25℃)、～7.25MPa实验条件下其对氢的吸附储存容量可达3.80％(质量百分数);室温下卸至常压的脱附氢量为3.36％(占总吸附氢量的～89％),后续升温(升至673K)的脱附氢量为0.41％(占总吸附氢量的～11％)。     

La0.7Mg0.3-xCaxNi2.5Co0.5(x=0～0.15)储氢合金的放电容量衰退机理研究

采用感应熔炼结合粉末烧结两步法制备了La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3-x)Ca_xNi_(2.5)Co_(0.5)(x=0～0.15)储氢合金,并对合金的放电容量衰退机理进行了研究.研究结果显示随着Ca含量的增加,合金的相结构没有发生明显变化,只是晶胞参数逐渐增大,即Ca主要替代了超晶格结构AB2结构单元中的Mg,但在AB5结构单元中少量的Ca恰恰对合金的放电容量产生了重要的影响.Ca在AB2和AB5两种结构单元中的存在会降低储氢过程中晶胞内部的膨胀应力,Ca的溶解能够抑制Mg的腐蚀,生成微溶于水的腐蚀产物,并提高了合金表面具有催化活性的Ni含量,改善了合金的循环寿命.较高的Ca含量会严重破坏合金的相结构,生成过量的腐蚀产物因不能完全溶于水而在合金表面形成包覆层,阻碍了电极反应,造成合金循环过程中放电容量的急剧下降.     

Microstructural evolution and performance of hydrogen storage and electrochemistry of Co-added La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5−xCox (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5 at%) alloys

Microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical performances of Co-added La_(0.75)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.5_x)Co_x(x = 0,0.2, 0.5 at%) alloys are studied. XRD and rietveld refinement results suggest that the samples are mainly composed of(LaMg)Ni_3,(LaMg)_2Ni_7 and LaNi_5 phases, Co substitution for Ni changes the phase abundance,but not the phase composition. With the rising of Co content, the amount of(LaMg)_2 Ni_7 phase decreases, but the amount of LaNi_5 phase increases, while the amount of(LaMg)Ni_3 phase firstly increases and then decreases.The alloys reversibly absorb and desorb hydrogen at 298 K smoothly. When Co content is 0.2 at%, the hydrogen absorption capacity reaches the maximum value of 1.14 H/M, and the absorption capacities reach 1.09 H/M and 1.03 H/M in the first minute at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. Electrochemical performance measurement results show that La_(0.75)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.5-x)Co_x alloys are completely activated within 2 cycles, and the cyclic stability of La_(0.75)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.3)Co_(0.2) alloy approaches 63.7% after 100 charge/discharge cycles, which is higher than that(S_(100) = 60%) of La_(0.75)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.0)Co_(0.5) alloy. Thus, the La_(0.75)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.3)Co_(0.2) alloy exhibits optimum comprehensive properties of hydrogen storage and electrochemistry.     

Effect of heat treatment on hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy

Effect of heat treatment on the crystal structure, microstructure, hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy prepared by arc-melting was studied in this work. It was found that both the as-cast and annealed (973 K/72 h) V68Ti20Cr12 alloys consisted of a single body-centered cubic (bcc) phase. After heat treatment, the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic characteristics of the as-cast alloy was improved greatly due to the homogeneous composition and perfect structure. The mechanism of hydrogen absorption/desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was further investigated according to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The hydrogen absorption process of the as-cast and annealed alloys would be controlled by the one-dimensional diffusion process, while the hydrogen desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was dominated by the geometrical contraction model. The pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements show that the plateau pressure of the annealed alloy becomes comparatively flat. Furthermore, the activation energies of the dehydrogenation in the as-cast and annealed alloys were calculated using the Kissinger method, indicating that heat treatment is a very beneficial way to improve hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of the alloy.     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Hydrogen storage of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (a-MWNTs),non-aligned MWNTs(n-MWNTs) and graphite electrodes are studied by the electro-chemical measurements .The electrodes are prepared by mixing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) copper powder and ptfe binder in a weight ratio of 1:5:3 and compressing the mixture into porous nickel collector,The results show that the electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of the a-MWNT electrode is up to 1625 mAh/g corresponding to a high hydrogen storage of 5.7 wt% ,which is 10 times that of graphite electrode and is 13 times that of n-MWNT electrode, suggesting that a-MWNTs are promising materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage.     

Hydrogen storage performance of LaNi3.95Al0.75Co0.3 alloy with different preparation methods

Rare-earth AB₅-type La–Ni–Al hydrogen storage alloys are widely studied due to their extensive application potentials in hydrogen isotope storage, hydrogen isotope isolation and hydrogen compressors, etc. Good hydriding/dehydriding kinetics, easily activation, high reversibility are important factors for their practical application. However, their overall hydrogen storage performance, especially plateau pressure and hydrogen absorption/desorption durability need to be further optimized. In this study, the microstructures and the hydrogen storage properties of as-cast, annealed, and melt-spun LaNi_3.95Al_0.75Co_0.3 alloys were investigated. The experimental results of XRD and SEM showed that all alloys contained a pure CaCu₅ type hexagonal structure LaNi₄Al phase. The cell volume increased in an order of annealed ?> ?melt-spun ?> ?as-cast, resulting in a lower hydrogen absorption/desorption plateau pressure and a more stable hydride phase. The hydrogen storage capacity of three alloys was almost the same. The slope factor of the annealed and melt-spun alloys is smaller than the as-cast alloy, indicating that heat-treatment process can make the alloys more uniform. For the cycle stability of the alloys, the hydrogen absorption rate of the annealed alloy and melt-spun alloy was much faster than that of the as-cast alloy after 500 cycles. The melt-spun alloy showed high pulverization resistance during hydrogen absorption/desorption, and exhibited an excellent cycling retention of 99% after 500 cycles, suggesting that melt-spinning process can enhance the cycle stability and improve the cycle life of the alloy.     

Hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of A2B7 type La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al-Mo alloys

The effect of Mo-addition on hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al alloys is investigated. The alloys were synthetized via vacuum induction melting followed by annealing treatment at 1123 K for 8 h. The major phases in the annealed alloys are consisted of (La, Mg)2Ni7, (La, Mg)5Ni19 and LaNi5 phases. Mo-addition facilitates phase transformation of LaNi5 into (La, Mg)2Ni7 and (La, Mg)5Ni19 phases. Hydrogen absorption/desorption PCI curves indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy increases remarkably with the addition of Mo. Furthermore, the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy shows excellent hydriding/dehydriding kinetics with a higher capacity, requiring only 100 s to reach its saturated hydrogen capacity of 1.58 wt% at low temperature of 303 K, and releasing 1.57 wt% hydrogen within 400 s at 338 K. Electrochemical experiments manifest that the Mo-added alloy electrode has perfect activation properties and the maximum discharge capacity. The low-temperature dischargeability shows that the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy exhibits the excellent low-temperature discharge performance, and the maximum discharge capacity is improved from 231.0 to 334.6 mAh/g at 253 K. The HRD property of the alloy electrode is enhanced, suggesting that Mo enhances the kinetic ability at low-temperature.     

电沉积镍-储氢合金复合电极的析氢电催化性能

采用电沉积方法制备了镍-稀土储氢合金(Ni—AB5)复合电极，利用稳态极化曲线及电化学交流阻抗技术研究了该电极在28％KOH溶液中的析氢电催化性能，并用扫描电镜观测了电极的表面形貌．结果表明，与电沉积纯Ni电极相比，Ni—AB5复合电极具有较低的析氢过电位和电化学反应阻抗以及较大的交变电流密度和比表面积，在纯Ni及Ni—AB5电极上析氢反应的标准活化自由焓分别为74．2kJ／mol和39．8kJ／mol，即Ni—AB5复合电极表现出较高的析氢电催化活性．复合电极在碱性溶液中的析氢反应符合Volmer—Heyrovsky历程，电化学脱附为反应速度的控制步骤．