水体中甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的植物修复

研究凤眼莲对水体中甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的吸收转移规律和富集特征. 结果表明: 胁迫5 d后, 处理Ⅰ(整株凤眼莲)中MTBE的平均浓度减少了94.25%, 处理Ⅱ(去叶凤眼莲)中MTBE的平均浓度减少了近50%, 处理Ⅰ比处理Ⅱ约减少44%, 而处理Ⅲ（对照）中MTBE的平均浓度只减少7.3%, 表明凤眼莲叶片的蒸腾作用是水溶液中MTBE减少的主要原因. 将实验所得数据进行回归分析得出： 20 ℃时, 水体中MTBE消失符合一级动 力学方程； 处理Ⅰ、 处理Ⅱ的消失速率明显大于处理Ⅲ. 凤眼莲暴露在ρ_MTBE<1 110 mg/L溶液中时, 培养5 d未观察到MTBE对植物的毒性, 蒸腾量与生物量比值变化不明显,当ρ_MTBE=1 480 mg/L时, 凤眼莲的蒸腾量与生物量比值明显减小, 凤眼莲叶片边缘干枯和萎黄. MTBE在凤眼莲根、 茎、 叶中的分布比例约为1 ∶1.5 ∶0.5, 其分布规律为： 茎>根>叶.     

光合细菌对模拟海水养殖废水COD的去除能力研究

针对生物方法净化污水问题,为光合细菌处理海水养殖废水的实际应用提供实验基础,探讨光合细菌对污水中COD、氮和磷的去除能力。人工模拟配置海水养殖污水,采用碱性高锰酸钾法测定COD。从细菌投加量、初始COD浓度、光照好厌氧条件等方面测定去除效果。结果表明:COD初始浓度为500 mg·L^-1时,每100 ml污水投加200 ml光合细菌处理效果较佳;COD初始浓度为1 000、500、250和125的污水,4天去除率分别为28.1%、75.0%、87.5和87.5%;好氧微光和好氧黑暗有利于COD去除。光合细菌(PSB001)可以作为生物强化菌株用于海水养殖废水的净化。     

集成式反应器SND对低碳氮比生活污水的深度脱氮效能及其动力学

以由实际生活污水配制的低C/N比生活污水为研究对象,在集成式反应器主反应区实现了同步硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮.考察了集成式反应器对低C/N比污水的脱氮效能.结果表明:DO=1.4~1.7mg/L,总HRT=18h(主反应区HRT=7.2h),C/N=5时,NH+4-N可从15±2mg/L平均降至2.5mg/L,总氮可以从20±2mg/L平均降至3.4mg/L,TN处理负荷可达0.13kg TN/(m3·d),较同类低C/N比污水脱氮系统高;相同条件下连续运行时,出水NH+4-N和TN浓度稳定在0.8~3.0mg/L和1.4~4.7mg/L,去除率在80.2%~94.9%和76.5%~93.2%.以Monod方程为基础通过物料衡算求解出SND动力学方程并求得硝化过程氨氮饱和常数KNH4-N+=1.34mg/L,氨氮降解反应级数n=0.622 4,反硝化过程硝酸盐氮饱和常数KNO3-N-=0.71mg/L.分析表明:该SND系统内生物量充足、活性高,生物降解效率受底物浓度限制小,集成式反应器结构合理,可实现小水量低C/N比生活污水深度脱氮,为我国中小城镇生活污水深度处理提供技术支持和理论依据.     

生化/NF技术处理低渗透油田回注水研究

渤南油田属低渗透油藏,目前回注水水质不合格,悬浮物、细菌等超标,钙镁离子含量高,结垢严重,引起注水量下降,注水压力上升.针对渤南油田污水水质情况及注水水质要求,开展了油田污水生化/NF处理实验研究.采用气浮、生物接触氧化结合膜过滤工艺,污水经处理后油质量浓度低于0.5 mg/L,SRB、悬浮物检测不出,钙镁离子质量浓度降至8 mg/L以下.在达到A1级标准基础上,有效解决了回注水结垢问题.     

阳离子聚合物与聚合铝处理油田采油污水研究

中原油田是一个多层系、多油藏类型的复杂断块油田 ,部分区块储层中黏土特别是膨胀性黏土含量高 ,对注入水水质的要求较高 .本文对阳离子聚合物与聚合铝复配处理中原油田采油污水进行了研究 ,结果表明 :当聚合铝浓度为 5 0 mg/L时 ,阳离子聚合物的分子量、加入浓度、污水的 p H值、污水温度等对处理效果影响大 ,当阳离子聚合物的黏均分子量为 1 2 0万、加入浓度 3～ 5 mg/L、污水的 p H值为 6.5～ 8.5、污水温度在 45℃时 ,中原油田采油一厂采油污水中悬浮物、油的含量分别由处理前的 1 65 mg/L,1 1 8mg/L降低到 1 .2 mg/L及 5 .0 mg/L ,滤膜系数达到 35     

石化废水处理系统微生物群落结构PCR-DGGE分析

为提高石油化工污水厂厌氧--好氧(A/O)工艺净化效能,应用聚合酶链式反应一变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)与常规技术相结合的方法分析了石化废水处理系统生化池中微生物群落结构变化与污染负荷和主要污染物降解效果变化的关系.结果表明:在每天2次,连续6天的监测中,待处理废水中COD负荷在424.92 mg/L和559.10 mg/L之间波动,NH3-N在63.60 mg/L和100.87 mg/L之间变化;工艺对COD和NH3-N的去除率较低,分别为69.42%和31.2%.且生化池各段对COD和NH3-N的去除率变化并非呈单一递减趋势,这与微生态细菌种类随污水浓度的变化呈非单一的递减趋势相一致;PCR-DGGE图谱中各处理单元的细菌条带数量变化很大,相似性系数最高为36.11%,最低为6.25%,微生物群落结构相似性很低.     

长庆油田庆二联采油污水回注处理研究

为了提高庆二联采油污水回注效率,并确保其达标回注,针对其含油量、悬浮物、硫化物、细菌含量高的特点,应用化学氧化/絮凝处理方法,通过对pH值、除硫剂种类及加药量、无机絮凝剂和有机絮凝剂种类、加药量及加药时间间隔的优选,对采出水进行了回注处理研究.结果表明:当pH值为7.5、除硫剂质量浓度为60mg/L、无机絮凝剂质量浓度为100mg/L、有机絮凝剂质量浓度为1.5mg/L、加药时间间隔为30s时,处理后水悬浮物质量浓度和含油质量浓度分别为1.98mg/L和4.65mg/L,平均腐蚀速率和细菌含量分别为0.0128mm/a和101个/mL,达到油田回注水的水质标准.     

铁碳内电解耦合蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)对黑臭污水脱氮效果的研究

构建了铁碳内电解耦合蕹菜技术体系,用于原位净化河道黑臭污水,采用单因素模拟实验,探究耦合体系植株密度、铁碳填料用量和陶粒用量对黑臭污水脱氮效果的影响规律.结果表明,在植株密度为80株/m2、铁碳填料用量为18 g/L和陶粒用量为52 g/L的适宜组合下,处理22 d后,TN和NH₄+-N的去除率分别为74.1%和99.6%,其质量浓度分别稳定在(13.65±1.24) mg/L和(0.18±0.04) mg/L.水体微生物丰度和多样性有了显著提高,主要优势细菌门是Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes,主要优势细菌属为Pseudomonas、Escherichia-Shigella和Diaphorobacter,微生物群落演化更适宜脱氮.耦合体系通过协同作用净化水质,其作用过程包括:铁碳内电解产生质子[H]和Fe2+提供电子促进自养反硝化、蕹菜根际泌氧促进微生物硝化、陶粒生物膜与根际微生物之间的硝化反硝化作用、陶粒吸附氮.该研究为采用铁碳内电解耦合挺水植物净化河道黑臭污水提供了依据.     

SBR工艺处理生活污水的优化控制初探

SBR法处理生活污水过程中,通过建立SBR水处理模型确定溶解氧优化曲线,以此曲线来优化控制SBR过程中的溶解氧,实现节能降耗.试验结果表明,进水COD浓度为400~500mg/L,污泥浓度为4000 mg/L的条件下,采用优化控制方式去除1 mg/L COD比传统控制方式能节约近30%的风量.     

生物浮动床处理电厂厂区生活污水

利用"生物浮动床-过滤-臭氧杀菌"技术处理电厂厂区生活污水,耐有机负荷冲击和水力冲击的能力强,对CODcr、氨氮、总磷有较好的去除效果.CODcr总去除率最高可达到95%,出水CODcr稳定在10～30 mg/L;总磷去除率达到50%以上,出水总磷质量浓度低于0.5mg/L;对NH3-N的去除率基本可以稳定在80%以上;浊度消减率可达到84%,细菌杀灭率大于99.9%,出水细菌浓度小于1/L.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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