轴承钢硬切削表面残余应力对滚动接触界面疲劳寿命的影响

为了预测轴承钢硬切削表面残余应力对滚动接触寿命的影响规律,基于高级非线性有限元分析软件MARC,建立了具有平面应变特征的二维滚动接触寿命预测模型,并在二维有限元模型的表面和次表面对应施加了轴承钢硬切削实验所测残余应力,模拟计算典型服役条件下的滚动接触应力;采用基于S N寿命理论的Miner法则,计算轴承钢滚动界面的疲劳接触寿命,分析了在不同摩擦系数、滚动接触频率和外加载荷工况下,硬切削残余压应力对疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,硬切削残余压应力可使轴承钢的滚动接触疲劳寿命提高10％~30％.其中,载荷对滚动接触疲劳寿命影响最大,摩擦系数的影响最小.     

滚动轴承超精硬切削参数的优选方法体系

基于获得最长的滚动接触疲劳寿命，提出了滚动轴承耦合具体服役工况的超精硬切削参数的优选方法体系．根据该体系优选的切削参数，在满足零件精度要求的前提下，能够使特定外载荷谱下的零件表面残余应力与赫兹接触应力进行合理匹配，使失效点处应力为最小，实现滚动轴承理论上的最长疲劳寿命．以滚动轴承的典型工况为例进行验算．结果表明，如果硬切削参数的优化结果仅仅以表面精度为约束条件，而不依据本文提出的方法体系，将导致零件的滚动接触疲劳寿命相差约35倍．     

随机时间序列分析技术在齿轮点蚀疲劳寿命预测中的应用

在已进行的齿轮点蚀疲劳寿命预测计算模型的研究基础上，应用随机时间序列分析技术分析处理计算模型中随时间变化的因素，从理论上解决了齿轮寿命预测中的难点，建立了齿轮点蚀疲劳寿命预测的方法系统。     

有损伤齿轮点蚀疲劳寿命预测计算方法

以ＧＢ３４８０－８３为基础，通过理论分析，建立了齿轮点蚀面积率与运转时间的函数关系，提出了应用随机时间序列预测技术对有损伤的中低速重载齿轮点蚀疲劳寿命进行预测的计算方法     

管道表面蚀坑-裂纹的应力强度因子分析

针对在役的海底管道遭受腐蚀疲劳损伤时其管道表面出现点蚀坑问题,应力强度因子成为衡量蚀坑向裂纹转变的临界条件之一.断裂力学的腐蚀疲劳寿命分析的基础是腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展,裂纹的不稳定扩展又由应力强度因子来判别.因此,在腐蚀疲劳破坏中,将点蚀坑和应力强度因子结合起来研究变得尤为重要.基于应力集中是导致裂纹萌生的主导因素,建立了双参数蚀坑模型,合理地解释了腐蚀疲劳裂纹在蚀坑处萌生位置差异的现象.在管道内流体压力的作用下,管道外表面轴向I型裂纹在环向应力的作用下成为最为危险的一种裂纹型式.基于线弹性断裂力学,利用ABAQUS软件,在管道内压作用下,采用二维模型,对管道表面的轴向I型蚀坑+裂纹的应力强度因子展开了分析.结果显示,蚀坑对裂纹应力强度因子的取值产生明显影响,可显著降低裂纹扩展的门槛值.进一步采用三维模型,利用扩展有限元法,对影响轴向I型蚀坑-裂纹应力强度因子的蚀坑参数开展了敏感性分析.结果显示,蚀坑参数的不同,对蚀坑-裂纹应力强度因子、裂纹形状因子的影响趋势各异.随着蚀坑参数深径比?、深度d的增大,蚀坑-裂纹应力强度因子的取值也逐渐变大;蚀坑参数深径比?、深度d对形状因子F取值的影响存在一定的区间效应.     

金属材料点蚀缺陷的无损检测方法综述

点蚀缺陷会直接影响金属材料的使用性能与服役寿命,对其进行有效的无损检测与评估为预测疲劳寿命提供数据支撑具有重要意义。通过阐述点蚀缺陷的特点,指出了点蚀缺陷参数与疲劳性能之间的对应关系。通过介绍以漏磁、脉冲涡流和超声导波为主的点蚀缺陷无损检测基本原理,总结了这些方法用于点蚀缺陷无损检测的现状,对比分析了多种无损检测方法从理论模型、信号分析到工业应用的关键环节。通过分析点蚀缺陷检测时不同无损检测方法在信号处理方面的特殊性,指出了点蚀缺陷的可视化成像结合图像处理与信号分析是准确提取点蚀缺陷信息和定量化分析的关键基础问题,积极开展非接触式点蚀无损检测方法研究对提升检测精度与工业应用推广具有重要意义。     

阳极溶解型应力腐蚀点蚀演化的能量原理

作为一种不可逆的热力学过程,阳极溶解型应力腐蚀点蚀的演化受到表面能、体系应变能和电化学能的影响。基于能量学原理,对应力腐蚀点蚀演化过程中的能量问题进行研究,提出一种双变量半椭球模型描述点蚀的演化过程,推导点蚀形状参数在演化过程中的变化方程,并讨论远场应力等参数对点蚀形状参数以及体系能量变化的影响。结果表明:点蚀的形貌由初始的半球形状逐渐演化为半长椭球;点蚀的演化形貌为体系应变能与点蚀内表面的表面能共同竞争的结果,应变能加速点蚀形状参数的变化,而表面能则抵制点蚀的形状演化;远场应力对体系热力学势能的变化影响显著。     

影响钢轨疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的主要因素分析

建立了钢轨3维弹塑性有限元计算模型,分析了接触斑内应力应变场特点.分析结果表明,在接触斑内钢轨处于三向压缩应力状态,有较大的静水压力;认为静水压力影响滚动接触疲劳裂纹萌生寿命.以临界平面法为基础,提出了考虑静水压力影响的滚动接触疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测模型,分析了轮载和摩擦系数对疲劳裂纹萌生的影响.结合具体算例分析表明:随着静水压力增大,静水压力对滚动接触疲劳裂纹影响在增大;随着轮载和摩擦系数增加,滚动接触疲劳裂纹萌生寿命迅速减少.     

水下结构物点蚀缺陷的识别与定量分析

运行多年的水下结构物会存在不同程度的点蚀缺陷，必须对其进行检测和安全评估。基于图像处理、模式识别以及计算机视觉技术提出了一种水下结构物点蚀缺陷识别与定量分析方法。用采集设备获得点蚀缺陷图像，对其进行特殊的图像处理后，提取其特征并进行识别，通过摄像机系统标定确定缺陷的真实尺寸。分析了水下结构物点蚀缺陷的特征提取和识别的理论依据。用二次标定法对摄像机进行了系统标定，并结合实例给出了标定当量及点蚀特征的实际值。点蚀缺陷识别和定量分析结果为水下结构物应力计算和安全可靠性评估提供了必要的基础数据。     

考虑点蚀损伤的锈蚀钢板延性退化

为研究点蚀损伤钢板延性退化机理,采用三维形貌测量技术测得不同锈蚀程度钢板表面点蚀坑几何参数,并通过单调拉伸试验和有限元数值分析研究了点蚀损伤对钢板延性的影响.此外,根据应力三轴度与点蚀坑深度、间距及深径比间的关系,提出了与点蚀坑几何尺寸相关的点蚀损伤钢板等效延性断裂准则.结果表明:表面点蚀坑深度及深径比均随钢板锈蚀程度的增加而线性增长;点蚀坑几何尺寸的增长显著改变了钢板内部应力三轴度的大小和分布,降低了等效塑性断裂应变,加快了颈缩阶段钢板内部裂纹的萌生和扩展,从而导致锈蚀钢板极限伸长率逐渐退化;采用等效延性断裂准则能准确地模拟点蚀损伤导致的钢板延性退化现象.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.