二乙二醇丁醚对动力学水合物抑制剂性能影响的实验研究

研究了二乙二醇丁醚(DGBE)作为协同剂对动力学抑制剂PVP、PVCap、VP/VC、VC—713的影响,考察了DGBE的最优添加量。结果表明DGBE能大大提高抑制剂的引导时间,对PVCap的影响最大,复配后的引导时间能达到3 810 min,提高338%;PVP达到2 930 min,提高312%;VP/VC达到1 390 min,提高48%;VC—713达到2 100 min,提高62%。但是DGBE对抑制剂的过冷度因子影响较小,过冷度的增加量均小于1℃。DGBE的添加浓度并不是越高越好,当DGBE质量分数超过0.35%,提高抑制主剂性能的作用较小。     

天然气水合物抑制剂BVP性能研究

随着国内天然气开采规模的日益扩大和深海开采的进行,由天然气水合物所引起的问题,日益受到了石油天然气研究人员的重视。为抑制天然气水合物的生成,急需研究开发出加量少、效率高的水合物抑制剂。为此,自主合成了新型动力学水合物抑制剂BVP,采用自制评价设备,以四氢呋喃法[THF]对其性能进行了评价。评价结果： BVP加量为0.5%～0.75%时,水合物结冰温度为-8℃,过冷度为-10℃;结合天然气水合物抑制剂PVP做性能对比,BVP的性能明显优于PVP,BVP浊点较PVP浊点提高了27.2℃,相同加量条件下BVP承受过冷度较PVP承受过冷度低2～3℃;结合热力学抑制剂复配,最优复配方案：5%～10%NaCl 0.5%BVP,该复配方案下溶液能够承受过冷度达-12℃～-16℃。     

深水钻井液高效水合物抑制剂研究

通过分子结构优化,研制出海洋深水钻井新型水合物动力学抑制剂SDH。利用自行研制的天然气水合物抑制性能评价实验装置模拟超深水海底低温/高压环境,进行水合物抑制性评价实验。结合压力-温度曲线和温度、压力随时间的变化情况,分析SDH作用下水合物生成的动力学过程,探讨其作用机制。考察低剂量的SDH与热力学抑制剂NaCl的复配使用效果。研究表明:在SDH作用下,可将水合物生成过程划分为水合物成核、水合物缓慢生长和大量生成3个阶段; SDH可吸附在水合物表面,通过空间位阻作用有效抑制水合物的生长,其最优加量为1.0％;低剂量的SDH与热力学抑制剂NaCl的复配具有很好的协同作用,在模拟3km水深条件下(2℃,30MPa),1.0％SDH与10％NaCl复配使用可保证钻井液搅拌12h无水合物生成,满足超深水钻井需要,同时可降低成本。     

一种动力学天然气水合物抑制剂合成研究

研发低剂量水合物抑制剂部分代替传统热力学水合物抑制剂是目前水合物研究的热点之一。为提高聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的性能,采用N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮与马来酸酐合成了聚合物MVP。利用四氢呋喃法研究了MVP的合成条件及对水合物的抑制效果。研究表明,以乙二醇丁醚为溶剂,双氧水为引发剂时,马来酸酐与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮质量比为3∶4、反应温度(80～100)℃、反应时间9 h条件下合成MVP对水合物抑制效果良好。该条件下合成的MVP与聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮相比对水合物具有更好的抑制效果,相同加量下能够承受过冷度较聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮高3℃;最佳加量为0.7%,该加量下水合物生成温度从-2℃下降到-8.6℃。由于MVP性能受过冷度影响较大,研究发现MVP发挥作用的过冷度不能高于10℃。     

天然气水合物生成动力学机理的研究

对天然气的气一水体系进行了研究，提出了一种新的天然气水合物生成机理，认为水合物晶核的生长经历了溶解、水合物骨架形成、扩散和吸附4个阶段，很好地解释了水合物组成的不确定性．据此机理对水合物在成核以后生成的动力学方程进行了推导，引入了有效面积分率、压力指数、过冷度校正参数等，得到了气-水体系水合物生成的改进的动力学方程．用遗传算法对方程中的参数进行拟合的结果表明，由方程计算所得的水合物生成速率与实验结果的最大误差为15．9％，最小误差为1．6％，平均误差为9．6%，说明拟合结果准确。     

蔗糖和凹凸棒石体系下抑制CO2水合物生成动力学研究

油气生产、储运及CO_2管道输送的过程中容易生成CO_2水合物,添加抑制剂是预防CO_2水合物生成的有效手段。采用蔗糖、凹凸棒石和蔗糖+凹凸棒石作为水合物抑制剂,利用可视化高压反应釜实验装置,在初始条件3 MPa和2℃下,研究其对CO_2水合物生成的气体消耗量、气体消耗速率、诱导时间和水合物生成量的影响。用压力变化法测定了CO_2水合物生成诱导时间,用动力学模型计算了气体消耗量和水合物生成量;并分析了蔗糖和凹凸棒石协同抑制CO_2水合物生成的微观机理。实验结果表明蔗糖有减少气体消耗量和水合物生成量的作用,凹凸棒石有延长水合物生成诱导时间和降低生成速率的作用,体系中同时存在蔗糖和凹凸棒石能展现出协同效应,抑制效果最佳的实验体系为30 g蔗糖+1 g凹凸棒石,较纯水体系的气体消耗量减少了18.8%,气体消耗速率峰值降低了60.9%,诱导时间延长了122.2%,水合物生成量减少了26.1%。以蔗糖+凹凸棒石作为水合物抑制剂效果良好,且经济环保。     

含热力学抑制剂钻井液侵入天然气水合物地层扰动模拟

深水油气勘探开发过程中,为防止井筒内生成天然气水合物,在钻井液中添加水合物热力学抑制剂是有效措施之一。然而含水合物热力学抑制剂钻井液侵入水合物地层的扰动影响鲜有报道。为探究水合物热力学抑制剂对水合物层的扰动规律,利用超声波测试手段,研究了NaCl、乙二醇两类水合物热力学抑制剂钻井液侵入水合物岩样的过程,并讨论了适用于水合物地层钻井液的设计要点。结果表明:含水合物热力学抑制剂的钻井液相比未含抑制剂的钻井液会显著促进水合物分解,且随着抑制剂浓度的增加,水合物分解速度会大幅度增加;NaCl盐类抑制剂促进水合物分解的作用明显强于乙二醇醇类抑制剂;钻井液侵入水合物地层引发的水合物分解呈现非匀速现象。深水钻探水合物地层时,防止地层中水合物的分解与抑制井筒中水合物的生成是相互矛盾的,研发适合水合物地层的钻井液配方来平衡这个矛盾是有效途径。     

水合物动力学抑制剂在油水体系内抑制性能实验研究

水合物造成的管道流动安全问题长期困扰着油气生产和运输部门。采用高压蓝宝石反应釜,系统研究了一类水合物动力学抑制剂在油水体系内的抑制性能,实验结果表明:在(柴油+水+甲烷)体系内,可视观察法测定的诱导时间更能真实反映水合物动力学抑制剂的抑制性能;随着动力学抑制剂添加浓度的增加,在进气压力相近情况下,体系可承受的最大过冷度呈现先增大后减少的趋势。在(柴油+水+乳化剂+甲烷)体系内,乳化剂的添加浓度对体系可承受的最大过冷度无明显影响;在动力学抑制剂添加浓度相同情况下,实验测定的最大过冷度比(柴油+水+甲烷)体系中的测定结果偏小。最后从油水乳化角度对比分析了动力学抑制剂在油水体系内的抑制机理。     

天然气与冰反应生成水合物的实验研究

在一个小型工业化水合物生成装置上 ,对由冰和天然气反应生成天然气水合物的过程及动力学进行了研究 .实验结果表明 :水合物的生成温度与诱导时间无关 ,诱导时间不会改变水合物的生成条件 ;较大的过饱和度或过冷度对水合物生成有利 .此外 ,采用过压方式 ,研究了这种类似结晶过程的扰动作用 .最后还得到了最佳的反应时间 .     

冰点以下天然气水合物的生成动力学研究

通过实验研究了冰点以下天然气水合物的生成反应中压力，温度及冰粒大小等因素的影响。并研究了过冷和过压在水合物生成中的作用。实验结果表明：压力越高，温度越低，冰粒越小，越有利于水合物的生成，并且过冷及过压程度和过压时间均促进水合物的生成，得出了衡量反应进行程度的天然气水合物含气率随反应进行时间的关系曲线。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.