塑性变形工艺在变形镁合金晶粒细化中的应用

综述了热挤压、轧制、大塑性变形挤压等不同塑性变形工艺在变形镁合金晶粒细化中的应用研究进展,认为目前变形镁合金发展的主要瓶颈是低加工速率导致相关产品的成本居高不下,未来将通过大尺寸半连续铸锭的多外场晶粒细化和细晶镁合金快速加工技术等予以解决。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of an Al-Mg alloy processed by the cyclical continuous expanded extrusion and drawing approach

Al-Mg alloys are an important class of non-heat treatable alloys in which Mg solute and grain size play essential role in their mechanical properties and plastic deformation behaviors.In this work,a cyclical continuous expanded extrusion and drawing(CCEED)process was proposed and implemented on an Al-3Mg alloy to introduce large plastic deformation.The results showed that the continuous expanded extrusion mainly improved the ductility,while the cold drawing enhanced the strength of the alloy.With the increased processing CCEED passes,the multi-pass cross shear deformation mechanism progressively improved the homogeneity of the hardness distributions and refined grain size.Continuous dynamic recrystallization played an important role in the grain refinement of the processed Al-3Mg alloy rods.Besides,the microstructural evolution was basically influenced by the special thermomechanical deformation conditions during the CCEED process.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the micrograined hypoeutectic Zn–Mg alloy

A biodegradable Zn alloy, Zn–1.6Mg, with the potential medical applications as a promising coating material for steel components was studied in this work. The alloy was prepared by three different procedures: gravity casting, hot extrusion, and a combination of rapid solidification and hot extrusion. The samples prepared were characterized by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Vickers hardness, tensile, and compressive tests were performed to determine the samples’ mechanical properties. Structural examination reveals that the average grain sizes of samples prepared by gravity casting, hot extrusion, and rapid solidification followed by hot extrusion are 35.0, 9.7, and 2.1 μm, respectively. The micrograined sample with the finest grain size exhibits the highest hardness (Hv = 122 MPa), compressive yield strength (382 MPa), tensile yield strength (332 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (370 MPa), and elongation (9%). This sample also demonstrates the lowest work hardening in tension and temporary softening in compression among the prepared samples. The mechanical behavior of the samples is discussed in relation to the structural characteristics, Hall–Petch relationship, and deformation mechanisms in fine-grained hexagonal-close-packed metals.     

连续挤压Al-1.1Mg-0.3Cu合金的拉伸性能和加工硬化行为

为了提高Al-1.1Mg-0.3Cu合金线杆的拉伸性能,通过金相、透射电镜、扫描电镜显微组织观察和拉伸试验分别对连续挤压态及拉拔退火态合金的微观组织和拉伸性能进行了研究.结果表明:连续挤压成形工艺有助于进一步改善合金的拉伸性能,与传统拉拔后退火处理工艺相比,通过连续挤压工艺制备的合金组织晶粒细小而均匀,沉淀相和位错密度较少,致使合金的延伸率相对较高而加工硬化率相对较低;此外,相比传统工艺,由连续挤压工艺制备的合金拉伸试样断口形貌中韧窝更深、更细小.     

Size and distribution of Te inclusions in detector-grade CdZnTe ingots

The effects of Sc addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the ZK60 wrought magnesium alloy were investigated by using optical microscope,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and tensile testing.The experimental results show that a minor Sc addition to ZK60 alloy has an obvious effect on the refinement of the microstructure of the ZK60 alloy. During hot extrusion,incomplete dynamic recrystallization occurs in all the alloys,and the recrystallized grains become much finer with...     

高性能钨合金制备技术研究现状

综述了钨合金中添加物种类、粉末制备、粉末压制、粉末烧结等工艺以及钨合金的热处理和形变强化后处理工艺。着重介绍了W-Ni-Fe合金中元素的添加原则及各元素的作用，水热法在制备钨合金纳米粉末中的应用及热等静压法在粉末压制中的优势等，并对钨合金的循环热处理及热挤压形变强化工艺进行了重点阐述。指出大尺寸钨合金的强化、多种化合物的同步液相掺杂、钨合金近净成形以及钨晶须增强的非晶态复合等钨合金制备工艺的发展方向。     

Y含量对Mg-Zn-Y非晶合金性能的影响

通过铜模铸造法和熔融纺丝技术合成了具有生物医学应用性能的可生物降解Mg-Zn-Y非晶合金（MGs）。在体外研究了钇（Y）含量对Mg基非晶合金的形成、热稳定性、硬度、耐腐蚀性和细胞相容性的影响。通过细胞毒性测试（MTT）、凋亡测试和细胞骨架染色测定的结果发现,Mg-Zn-Y非晶合金具有良好的生物相容性,可以作为可生物降解材料。     

Mg-Al和Mg-Li镁合金板在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法分别研究了AZ31镁合金轧制板、AZ80镁合金轧制板、ZE42镁合金热挤压板、LZ91镁合金轧制板和LA101镁合金热挤压棒等5种不同的镁合金在质量浓度为5.0%氯化钠水溶液中的腐蚀行为。采用失重法测量每一种合金的腐蚀速率,并且采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了腐蚀产物的形貌,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了每种镁合金的相组成。结果表明:电势分布较为均匀的镁合金可减小镁合金的微电偶腐蚀趋势,5种镁合金板(棒)材在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀速率由低到高的顺序是:AZ80AZ31LA101LZ91ZE42。经36 h浸泡腐蚀后,在NaCl水溶液中镁合金表面主要被腐蚀产物Mg(OH)_2所覆盖,且随着浸泡时间延长,所有镁合金均呈现出明显的点蚀特征,阳极溶解和局部腐蚀程度加重,发生析氢反应,最后变为均匀腐蚀。     

选区激光熔化成型镁合金构件关键技术综述

选区激光熔化成型镁合金构件性能优异且个性化程度高,在工业生产、生物医疗等多个领域具有重要应用意义。首先,对选区激光熔化成型镁合金技术的基本原理与技术特点进行了简要阐释;其次,基于选区激光熔化成型镁合金技术的国内外研究现状,将目前已有研究成果与尚未解决的技术问题进行归纳与总结;再次,对选区激光熔化成型镁合金关键技术进行分析,对主要技术难点及其解决方案进行综述;最后,对选区激光熔化成型镁合金发展趋势进行探讨,指出今后可在以下方面进行深入研究:1)优化现有工艺参数与成型仓风道等机械除尘结构,通过主动抑尘与被动抑尘相结合的方法提高成型质量;2)通过工艺调控减少成型缺陷,制备高性能镁合金构件;3)优化粉末筛分结构,提高成型安全性。     

Effect of micro-alloying Ca on microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Ce alloys

Microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of Mg-5 Zn-0.3 Y-0.2 Ce alloys with the addition of trace xCa(x=0,0.3,0.6 wt%) were systematically investigated in this work.The results revealed that more secondary eutectic phases and smaller grain size of as-cast microstructure could be found with increasing Ca content.After hot extrusion,the Ca-free alloy showed a uniformly recrystallized grain structure,while the Ca-containing alloys possessed a bimodal grain structure composed of fine dynamic recrystallized(DRXed) grains with a size of several microns and un-recrystallized coarse grains.EBSD analysis showed that the three extruded alloys had a fiber texture of(0001) basal plane aligned with the extrusion direction.Texture intensity of the DRXed region was weaker than the deformed region.The extruded alloy with the addition of 0.6 wt% Ca exhibited the highest yield strength of 321 MPa due to the smallest DRXed grain size,the deformed region with strong basal texture and dense nanosized precipitates.     

Mg-Al-Si(AS)系耐热镁合金的研究进展

回顾了AS系镁合金近年来的研究进展,包括成形工艺和热处理以及合金化元素对AS系耐热镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。使AS系耐热镁合金主要的强化相Mg2Si晶粒细化,并均匀分布是提高其性能的关键。利用往复挤压等技术和适当的热处理工艺可以改善铸造AS系耐热镁合金性能的微观组织,添加适量的Ca、Sr、Sb、Nd和Y等元素也可以细化Mg2Si晶粒,提高其高温蠕变性能。     

采用半熔挤压法制备镁合金板的技术及应用

采用半熔挤压法制备镁合金板在镁合金板制造行业是一项新技术.传统制备镁合金板的生产工艺都是将镁合金板坯经过预热、反复升温和多道轧制才能制成镁合金薄板,设备大、能耗高,因为镁合金板在轧制过程中边缘部分容易开裂,因此成品率很低、成本很高.采用半熔挤压法制备镁合金板,先将镁合金加工成细小粒子,然后送进螺杆旋转式挤压机,在氩气（Ar）保护下通过梯度加热、旋转挤压、圆管模具和圆管切缝整平来制成镁合金薄板.半熔挤压法制备镁合金板的生产工艺具有设备和工艺简单可靠、能耗低、成品率高、废料少和生产成本低的显著优势.为生产高质量低成本的镁合金板提供了一条有前景的道路.     

AZ31B镁合金I型材室温弯曲成型研究

由于镁合金AZ31B材料在拉伸与压缩时的力学性能差异,使AZ31B型材在室温下成型规律很难掌握.文章以AZ31B镁合金I型材为研究对象,通过对I型材弯曲过程的数值分析,研究了I型材成型过程与加强筋的高度与厚度的关系,同时对成型过程中的受力、回弹现象及翘曲做了深入的分析,得出了对工程有实用性的结论,可以指导工程实际.     

Preparation, microstructure and degradation performance of biomedical magnesium alloy fine wires

With the development of new biodegradable Mg alloy implant devices, the potential applications of biomedical Mg alloy fine wires are realized and explored gradually. In this study, we prepared three kinds of Mg alloy fine wires containing 4 wt% RE(Gd/Y/Nd) and 0.4 wt% Zn with the diameter less than 0.4 μm through casting, hot extruding and multi-pass cold drawing combined with intermediated annealing process. Their microstructures, mechanical and degradation properties were investigated. In comparison with the corresponding as-extruded alloy, the final fine wire has significantly refined grain with an average size of 3–4 μm, and meanwhile shows higher yield strength but lower ductility at room temperature. The degradation tests results and surface morphologies observations indicate that Mg–4Gd–0.4Zn and Mg–4Nd–0.4Zn fine wires have similar good corrosion resistance and the uniform corrosion behavior in SBF solution. By contrast, Mg–4Y–0.4Zn fine wire shows a poor corrosion resistance and the pitting corrosion behavior.     

耐热镁合金的研究进展

镁合金材料在航空、航天、高端装备制造及汽车等领域得到了广泛的应用,但在其服役过程中存在着耐高温差的问题。本文综述了含铝元素与不含铝元素两大类耐热镁合金的研究进展。在含铝耐热镁合金中,混合稀土元素的添加可改善材料的综合力学性能;添加碱土元素可起到提高其阻燃及细化晶粒等作用;添加第Ⅳ/Ⅴ族元素能明显的改善镁合金的高温力学性能。在不含铝耐热镁合金中,添加稀土元素同样可得到综合性能优异的镁合金材料;Mg Th、Mg Ag系镁合金具有很好的抗高温蠕变性能。随着耐热镁合金合金化和微合金化的深入研究,将对该系列新型镁合金材料的新技术开发与应用提供重要的理论依据,同时也为镁合金提供更广阔的发展前景。     

6.5wt%Si高硅钢冷轧薄板制备工艺、结构和性能

Fe-6.5wt.%Si合金是一种具有高磁导率,低矫顽力和低铁损等优异软磁性能的合金。但是,其室温脆性和低的热加工性能严重影响了在工业领域的应用。本实验室利用热轧、温轧、冷轧和适当的热处理相结合的方法成功轧制了厚0.05mm的Fe-6.5wt.%Si合金薄板。所获得的冷轧薄板板型良好,表面平整厚度均匀,光洁度好,在室温下具有拉伸塑性,拉伸强度为1048MPa、延伸率为1.4%。在高温退火后获得无取向高硅钢薄板。退火后,薄板的硬度下降、弹性模量升高。本文主要研究了Fe-6.5wt.%Si合金脆性本质、加工工艺、显微组织变化及其与磁性能的关系。     

Influence of deformation on precipitation in AZ80 magnesium alloy

Precipitates in the conventionally processed (solution treatment followed by aging) AZ80 alloy are coarse, cellular, and incoherent. They nucleate and grow on the basal planes of the matrix or distribute discontinuously in the alloy. Their unique morphology and undesired distribution make them ineffective for precipitation strengthening. This condition, however, can be modified by applying selected deformation and heat treatment conditions. The effect of deformation and heat treatment on the morphology and distribution of precipitates has been studied. Deformation was introduced by hot extrusion, cold rolling, or equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The microstructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that cold deformation improved precipitation more significantly than hot deformation, and twinning promoted precipitation more effectively than slip. When ECAP was applied, the Bc-route induced more precipitates than the A-route.     

植酸改性对AZ31镁合金表面细胞黏附性能的影响

用浸没法在AZ31镁合金表面制备植酸涂层,用携带能谱仪的扫描电子显微镜研究了表面涂层的化学组成和形貌,并用直接法和间接法分别在植酸改性前后的镁合金表面培养细胞,检测细胞存活率,考查人骨肉瘤细胞在植酸改性前后镁合金表面的黏附能力。结果表明：在镁合金表面形成均匀的植酸涂层,植酸改性前后镁合金对细胞存活率影响相近,但细胞在植酸改性前后镁合金表面的黏附能力存在显著差异,植酸改性可有效改善AZ31镁合金的细胞黏附性能。     

Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution for extruded AZ31 sheet under side direction strain

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were prepared by a conventional extrusion (CE) and a novel integrated extrusion with side direction strain (SE). The microstructure characterizations, crystallographic texture and mechanical property tests were carried out and compared between the extruded Mg alloy sheets processed by CE and SE. The results indicated that the SE sheets exhibited an excellent combination of strength and ductility. To reveal the side strain effect, the finite element model was employed to investigate the effective stress and strain behavior of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets during CE and SE processes. It was found that the SE process was effective in weakening the stress and strain concentration. This implied that it developed an additional side direction strain through the sheet thickness during the hot extrusion. Meanwhile, the side strain shear paths could promote the local accumulation of dynamically recrystallized grains and increase the random high-angle boundaries to achieve weak (0002) basal texture. Important factors including the side strain path and extrusion parameters need to be taken into account to understand the deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution.     

用于软骨下骨修复的镁基支架

骨关节炎（osteoarthritis，OA）作为一种可以导致残疾的退行性疾病，常累及软骨下骨。受损的关节软骨和软骨下骨很难自愈，用于功能修复的组织工程支架是一种有前途的治疗方法。近年来，镁合金因其良好的机械和生物学性能被视为可降解多孔支架有希望的候选者。然而，目前对于适用于软骨下骨缺损修复的镁基支架的结构设计和优化方案还没有定论。归纳了镁合金用于骨软骨支架的研究进展，包括多孔支架的制造方法；添加合金元素和表面改性的优化策略；参数化与非参数化的结构设计；镁基支架的机械、降解和生物学性能及其影响因素。讨论了未来研究的潜在方向。旨在为多孔镁基支架的开发和临床应用提供参考。