The distribution of the oil derived from Cambrian source rocks in Lunnan area,the Tarim Basin,China

There are great differences in biomarks between Cambrian oil and Middle-Upper Ordovician oil. In this stuty, the authors analyzed 40 oils found in Lunnan area by GC-MS and calculated the content of Cambrian oil in the 40 oils according to the steroid indexes of typical oil mixture and match experiment. The results show that it is a general phenomenon in Ordovician reservoir that the oil derived from Cambrian source rock mixed with the oil derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock in Lunnan area, the mixture degree of the two oils is lower in Carboniferous reservoir than in Ordovician reservoir, and the oils kept in Triassic reservoir have single source, Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock. The mixture oils mainly composed of Cambrian oil (>50%) distributed in Sangtamu fault zone, and the oils found in Lunnan fault zone are Middle-Upper Ordovician oil. This distribution of oils in Lunnan area is owing to that Lunnan fault zone is located in anticline axis part, Lunnan fault zone underwent serious erosion, and the oils from Cambrian source rock accumulated in Lunnan fault zone were degraded completely during Caledonian-Hercynian movement. But the Cambrian oil accumulated in Sangtamu fault zone was not degraded completely and some of them were left for the location of Sangtamu fault zone is lower than Lunnan fault zone. Later, the oil derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock mixed with the remained Cambrian oil, and the mixture oil formed in Sangtamu fault zone.     

渤中坳陷BZ26-2油田油气地球化学特征及其成藏意义

渤中坳陷BZ26-2油田发现正常油藏和凝析气藏两类油气藏.馆陶组原油中25-降霍烷系列与完整的链烷烃系列共存表明至少存在两期油气成藏.通过原油单体烃碳同位素和生物标志化合物的对比表明,油田具有双向油气来源,凝析油气来源于北部渤中凹陷,而正常原油主要来源于南部黄河口凹陷.原油异常密度梯度和轻烃参数表明,深层凝析气藏为热成因,浅层凝析气藏为蒸发分馏成因.综合分析表明BZ26-2油田是一个具有双向油气来源、多期次充注、经历多种后生作用的复合成因油气田.     

Kinetic study of hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene from Lunnan area, Tabei uplift

The molecular compositions and molecular carbon isotopic compositions of gas hydrocarbons produced in the hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene from Lunnnan area were investigated by pyrolysis of asphaltene sealed in gold tube in a limited system. The experimental results indicated that oil asphaltene from Lunnan area had relatively high generation potential of methane. However, the molecular compositions and molecular carbon isotopic compositions of gas hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon generation of oil asphaltene exhibited different characteristics from that of gas hydrocarbons by primary cracking of kerogen and secondary cracking of oil. Based on kinetic simulation with paleo-geothermal data of oil reservoir, the methane produced by cracking of oil asphatene was characterized by relatively light carbon isotopic compositions. This result could not explain relatively heavy carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas from Lunnan area. Pyrolysis of kerogen from source rocks under very high temperature probably made remarkable contributions to natural gas from Lunnan area.     

塔北轮南地区油气成因与成藏探讨

通过对塔里木轮南地区不同层位、不同部位原油烃类化学组成的剖析 ,认为该区原油至少可分为两种不同的成因类型 ,可能存在多成藏期次 .三叠系、侏罗系原油化学组成与分布均一 ,其与轮南中西部断垒、桑塔木断垒西部奥陶系原油性质极为接近 ,以低分子量正构烷烃占优势 ,重排补身烷与重排甾烷、三环萜烷及Ts不甚发育 ,C2 3 三环萜烷为主峰 ,相对低值C2 7/C2 9甾烷等为特征 (第I类 ) ,奥陶系原油还具有中性氮化合物含量高的特征 ;以两断垒带东部石炭系、奥陶系为代表的原油以高值饱芳比、正构烷烃主峰碳后移、高含量C15 重排倍半萜与重排甾烷、低含量中性氮化合物、C2 0 三环萜烷为主峰、相对高值C2 7/C2 9甾烷、甾烷 /藿烷、Ts/ (Ts+Tm)、三环萜 /五环萜值等为特征 (第Ⅱ类 ) .轮南地区原油类型不同由主系油源不同所致 .烃类与非烃类运移指标反映奥陶系、石炭系原油具有自西而东的运移趋势 ;三叠系原油具有不太明显的由北而南的运移趋势 .烃类指标反映三叠系、侏罗系与同类型奥陶系原油间的运移分馏效应不太明显 ,其可能来自相同的烃源岩但成烃与成藏期不同     

Application of C5-C13 light hydrocarbons in depositional envlrOnment diagnosis

Based on the geological background and Gammacerane/C31H(S+R)ratios,source rock depositional environments of the studied oil samples(194)from 13 oilfields were classified into three groups according to salinity:saline-lacustrine facies,fresh to brackish lacustrine facies(including linmetic facies),and semi-saline to saline facies(including marine facies of the Tarim Basin).C5-C13 compound groups in the crude oils were separated by GC,and about 286 compounds were qualitatively analyzed.The geochemical application of the C6-C13 compound groups and their ratios between each group with individual carbon number was investigated.Our studies show that(1)C6-C13 compound groups and their ratios in the crude oils could serve as new reliable parameters for oil-oil correlation because the C6-C13 light fractions are the major oil component,especially in light oil or condensate,in which they account for almost 90%of the whole oil;(2)the compound groups of C7 light hydrocarbons in oils derived from different depositional environments with different salinity have different characteristics;(3)C6-C13 compound groups and ratios may be affected by other factors such as maturity,but they are mainly controlled by salinity of depositional waters.     

沈家铺油田枣Ⅴ油组原油地球化学特征

对沈家铺油田枣V油组原油有机地球化学特征进行了详细描述,并对母源沉积环境、生源及生油岩演化程度进行了分析。研究结果表明,原油中饱和烃的含量低,非烃沥青质含量高,类异戊二烯烷烃含量高,奇碳数优势弱,成熟度参数低,这些都表明原油具有低成熟度的特点。Pr与Ph含量的比值低(0.66～0.88),伽马蜡烷与C31藿烷含量的比值高(0.59～0.86),这反映出其源岩形成于微咸水—半咸水湖相还原环境。其生油源主要由菌藻类有机质组成,但藻类可能是其源岩有机质的主要贡献者。     

Pool-formation and secondary change of biodegraded viscous oils: Case study of reservoir section in the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang Oilfield, Jiyang Depression

It is demonstrated by various geochemical indexes that the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang Oilfield with viscous crude oil in the Jiyang Depression has been sourced from the contribution of matured source rocks in the upper Es4. The principal cause leading to the densification of crude oils would be biodegradation, with the degradation level of crude oils being ranked as 2-8; vertically, the biodegradation level increases from the top to bottom of the oil column, with a distinctive biodegradation gradient occurring. Calculated parameters of sterane, terpane and methyl-phenanthrene have indicated that the source-rock's maturity of crude oils and asphaltic sands ranges from 0.7 to 0.9, and based on the calculation of Easy Ro model, the temperature of hydrocarbon generation in the source rock would be within 120-140℃, which coincides with the measurements of reservoir inclusions. The measured homogenization temperature would represent the generation temperature of the source rock, and be fairly different from that of reservoir while being charged with hydrocarbons, which reflects the hydrocarbon-charging to be a fast process, and the period of pool-formation to be consistent with that of peaked generation. According to the evaluation of generation history, the pool-formation could have been occurring in 7-15 Ma. And the biodegradation of crude oils in the study area would be considered to take place in 4-15 Ma based on the examination of biodegradation order and dynamic calculations.     

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷原油地球化学特征及油源对比

在原油地球化学特征精细剖析和对比的基础上,划分了南堡凹陷原油的成因类型,并根据生物标志物组合特征对原油和烃源岩进行了对比研究.结果表明:不同构造带或同一构造带不同层位原油的地球化学特征均存在一定的差别,据此可将原油划分为6类,其中第Ⅰ类主要分布于柳赞油田和高尚堡油田、老爷庙油田浅层明化镇组和馆陶组油层,第Ⅱ类主要分布在高尚堡(高柳断层以南)、老爷庙和北堡油田东营组油层,第Ⅲ类主要分布在柳赞油田及高尚堡油田(高柳断层以北)沙河街组油层,第Ⅳ类主要分布于滩海区东一段油层,第Ⅴ、Ⅵ类主要分布在滩海区奥陶系油层中;古近系3套烃源岩对不同构造带的油气聚集有不同的贡献,其中高柳构造带高柳断层以北地区的原油主要来源于沙三段烃源岩,断层以南的主要来自于沙一段和东三段烃源岩,部分混有沙三段烃源岩的贡献,老爷庙和北堡构造的原油主要来源于东三段和沙一段烃源岩,混有部分沙三段烃源岩生成的原油,滩海区原油主要来自于沙一段和沙三段烃源岩.     

青东凹陷沙河街组稠油成因及影响因素

青东凹陷西部和西南部边缘部位沙河街组广泛存在稠油油藏,目前在这些稠油的成因机制方面未开展深入研究,没有取得明确的认识,影响了研究区资源量评价和油气勘探进程。根据原油物理性质和生物标志物组成特征对研究区稠油的成因进行了综合分析。结果表明,研究区稠油中既存在有原生的低熟油,又分布有由次生作用（生物降解作用）产生的稠油,其中,低熟油主要分布在凹陷西南部的青东5井区;生物降解油主要分布在凹陷西部斜坡带及青东-青南过渡带,原油的降解等级为2~8级。原油的生物降解程度呈现出下轻上重、北轻南重的规律性变化。研究区稠油的形成与分布主要受有机质早期生烃、古地形、构造背景等因素影响。     

辽东湾拗陷南部古近系原油芳烃地球化学特征与油源分析

研究辽东湾拗陷南部旅大地区古近系原油芳烃地球化学特征,为油气成因研究及油源判别提供参考.以LD27-2和LD22-1油田等为例,对明化镇组、馆陶组、东营组和沙河街组原油或岩屑抽提物进行系统的芳烃色谱-质谱分析,共检测出12个系列169种化合物,提取能够指示生源、沉积环境、成熟度和油源的地球化学参数并进行系统分析.结果表...     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷原油成因类型及分布特征

在大量采集涠西南凹陷烃源岩和原油饱和烃色谱、色谱-质谱、碳同位素等资料基础上，对涠西南凹陷烃源岩特征进行分析，根据地球化学特征差异划分为A、B、C等3类烃源岩。系统分析原油有机地球化学特征差异性，对不同层系原油物性进行统计梳理，依据甾、萜烷、饱和烃组成等进行原油成因类型划分，将涠西南凹陷原油分为A、B1、B2、C1和C2等3大类5亚类。通过油源精细对比和原油空间分布特征分析，A类原油来源于A类源岩，主要分布在1号、2号和3号断裂附近及东南部的斜坡部位；B1和B2类原油来源于B类源岩，其中B1类原油主要分布在2号断裂附近，B2类原油主要在3号断裂附近；C1和C2类原油来源于C类源岩，C1类原油分布在与B1类原油相近的区域，C2类原油主要集中分布在2号断裂与3号断裂接近交互的部位。     

松辽盆地古龙地区葡萄花油层油气成因与凝析气藏形成分布

重点以轻烃和生物标志物综合研究了松辽盆地北部古龙地区葡萄花油层凝析油气、轻质油气的来源与成因。结果表明该区油气(葡萄花油层)主要与齐家—古龙凹陷青山口组高熟腐泥型烃源岩有关,而一些轻质油气还存在姚家组泥岩局部成烃的贡献。最后论述了该区葡萄花油层凝析气藏的形成与分布规律。     

东营凹陷东辛油田油源对比研究

东辛油田是渤海湾盆地最大的复杂断块油田,油气来源复杂。以原油和烃源岩饱和烃色谱、色谱质谱分析为基础,将该区原油划分为来自沙三段源岩的“沙三型”和来自沙三、沙四源岩的“混源型”,其中“混源型”占较大优势。结合地质背景和地球化学资料分析,认为该区油气主要来自利津、牛庄和民丰3个洼陷,其中“沙三型”原油主要分布于靠近利津洼陷一侧;“混源型”石油分布广泛,越接近牛庄洼陷,混源油中沙四型原油的贡献越大。研究表明,近洼陷的混源油来自同一洼陷的不同烃源岩,油田中心区块的混源油则为不同洼陷和不同层位原油的混合。多组断裂发育和多洼陷充注是导致该区大量混源石油出现的主要原因。     

一种描述含蜡原油触变性的新方法

触变性是含蜡原油重要的流变特性之一.输油管道工艺计算需要对触变行为做出准确的定量描述.为了方便有效地表征含蜡原油的触变性,根据Moore模型进行推导,提出了一种描述含蜡原油触变性的方程式,并讨论了其具体的应用方法.利用该触变性表征方法对3种含蜡原油11个温度下的触变性实验数据进行拟合,最低相关系数为0.927 7,最高相关系数为0.991 0,平均相关系数为0.967 3.该触变性表征方法物理意义较明确且使用方便,能够较准确地描述不同剪切率下含蜡原油的触变特征.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘三叠系烃源岩评价及油源对比

应用有机岩石学和分子地球化学的手段和方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘三叠系延长组长7段暗色泥岩和长8油层组原油,进行地球化学精细定量分析,研究了长7段暗色泥岩地质地球化学特征,评价了西南缘三叠系延长组长7烃源岩生烃潜力,并对长8油层组原油展开精细油源对比分析.结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘三叠系延长组长7段暗色泥岩有机质丰度高、类型好、成熟度高,与盆地本部长7优质烃源岩具相近似的电性、岩性和地球化学特征,为一套优质的烃源岩.长8油层组原油在母源性质、沉积环境、成熟度等方而与长7段烃源岩有相近似的特征,二者具有较好的亲缘关系,长8原油来自长7段烃源岩.     

Two accumulation modes of marine-origin natural gas in the Tarim Basin

HeUanhe gas field, Lungudong gas field and Tazhong gas field are marine marine-origin natural gas reservoirs in the craton area in the Tarim Basin. The natural gas is generated from Cambrian source rocks. The simulation experiment indicated that the cracking of the dispersedly dissoluble organic matter remaining in the source rocks is the main origin of marine natural gas. There are two modes to form gas reservoirs, one is the dry gas reservoir such as HeUanhe gas field, in which gas accumulated on the fault belt with violent tectonic movement, the other is condensate gas reservoir formed on the inheriting uplift such as Lunnan and Tazhong gas fields. The hybrid simulation experiment of cracking gas and crude oil indicated that crude oil accumulated on a large scale in those uplift belts at the early stage, and natural gas filled the ancient oil reservoir at the late stage, and the gas reservoirs were formed after the gas mixed with the crude oil.     

辽河盆地曙1区原油稠变的纵向非均一性与开发意义

通过对辽河盆地曙 1区兴隆台油层中稠油和油砂的地球化学特征分析 ,讨论了原油稠变的纵向非均一性及其控制因素。这种稠变非均一性对稠油开发具有重要的实际意义。     

塔河凝析油防蜡剂的研制及防蜡效果评价

高含蜡原油加防蜡剂是改善原油低温流动性能和防止原油在管输过程中结蜡的主要方式之一.塔河油田凝析油析蜡点较高,在冬季地温较低时管道内有大量蜡结晶析出,给管道的安全运行带来隐患.根据塔河凝析油的基本物性,研制了高分子防蜡剂SMAE18,考察了该防蜡剂的最佳加剂条件,并对其在不同条件下的防蜡效果进行了室内实验评价.实验结果表明:该防蜡剂对塔河凝析油具有较好的防蜡效果,但异常降温和短时间的高速剪切作用使其防蜡效果严重降低.加剂塔河凝析油的析蜡点从23℃降为18℃,黏度也下降了30.1%,说明SMAE18防蜡剂也有效地改变了塔河凝析油的低温流动性能.     

盐城凹陷天然气和凝析油的成因及烃源岩研究

通过地质、地球化学和分析实验等先进方法和技术 ,分析了天然气和凝析油轻烃指纹参数组成特征、单体烃碳同位素分布系列、生物标志物组成特征、相关原油或油花的生标分析、下扬子地区中古生界海相源岩评价及海相原油生标组成特征等多种资料 ,利用多种方法 ,详细探讨了凝析油中轻质组分与重质组分特征以及它们与天然气之间的关系 ,认真解剖了天然气的成熟度 ,对比剖析了可能的气源岩 ,界定了气源岩母质类型 ,并进行了气源对比探讨 .研究结果表明 ,盐城天然气属于高成熟演化阶段的产物 ,成因上归属于以古生界海相腐泥型气为主 ,混有少许泰二段腐殖型气 ,从而使得对于盐城天然气从成熟演化、成因类型、气源追溯等方面都理顺了关系     

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛北油田油源分析

准噶尔盆地玛北油田原油三环二萜烷C₂₀、C21和C₂₃的分布型式(上升型、山峰型、下降型和山谷型)与Pr/Ph、碳同位素、Ts/Tm、成熟度等存在良好关系。不同分布型式的原油在空间上具有上升型分布于油藏高部位,下降型分布于低部位的特点。表征三环二萜烷分布型式的C₂₀/C₂₃与试油获得的原油产量存在正相关,与原油密度存在负相关。综合分析得出,油气成藏顺序是上升型原油在先,下降型原油在后,山谷型原油是上升型和下降型原油混合的结果,上升型分布原油主要是下二叠统风城组烃源岩的贡献、下降型分布原油主要是下二叠统佳木河组烃源岩的贡献。