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1.
微生物催化还原浸出深海锰结核中有价金属   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5  
在常温、酸性、厌氧环境下,按一定的比例添加微生物培养基和供电子体,采用J13菌连续高密度培养、矿浆预浸、微生物固定和强化传质的手段,提高微生物浸出结核中有价金属的速率,浸出时间为3 d,可直接浸出结核中的铜、钴、镍和锰.浸出率:钴95.2%,镍97.5%,锰95.8%,铜81.2%;按此方法进行了陆地软锰矿和硬锰矿的浸出试验,浸出时间9 d,锰矿中的锰浸出率较高.根据以上试验结果提出了微生物催化两矿偶合还原浸出氧化锰矿中有价金属的方法,并初步探索了浸出机理.  相似文献   

2.
对嗜热金属球菌(Metallosphaera sedula)浸出镍钼硫化矿进行了研究,以探求高效可持续的生物冶金方法. 结果表明:有菌组镍的浸出率均在91%以上,而无菌组为77.64%;以亚铁为能源培养的驯化菌组镍和钼的浸出率分别为96.56%和65.43%,非驯化菌组为94.37%和60.20%;起始pH为2时浸出组镍浸出率达97.55%,钼浸出率为62.97%;粒径小于0.048 mm和小于0.077 mm的浸样镍浸出率分别为97.58%和95.37%,钼浸出率分别为64.46%和59.54%;低矿浆质量浓度比高矿浆质量浓度的浸出率高,5 g·L-1矿浆镍和钼的浸出率分别达98.67%和81.87%;在无菌条件下,浸样添加0.5 g·L-1 Fe3+和对照组镍浸出率分别为91.19%和77.64%,钼浸出率为52.25%和50.19%;透析浸出率比非透析浸出率低;金属球菌浸出组比氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出组的浸出率高,前者镍和钼浸出率分别为94.01%和64.74%,后者仅为67.77%和38.16%.  相似文献   

3.
金属硫化物矿物生物浸出过程中Fe~(3+)的作用   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌(简称T.f菌)对金属硫化物矿物生物浸出过程中Fe3+的作用·结果表明,在浸出的初始阶段,Fe3+的化学氧化作用是主要的;但在整个金属浸出过程中,Fe3+的化学氧化作用是很有限的;Fe3+对T.f菌有一定的抑制作用,降低了它们对液相中Fe2+的氧化能力;Fe3+及其沉淀使细菌在固体矿物颗粒表面的吸附量减少,降低了吸附细菌的活性,从而影响了细菌的直接氧化浸出作用·  相似文献   

4.
为提高黄铜矿的微生物浸出效果,研究了非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100对氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)氧化Fe2+和S0的活性以及浸出黄铜矿的影响,并采用XRD对浸出后的产物进行了表征.结果表明,Triton X-100对氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe2+有一定的抑制作用,而对氧化S0则显现出促进作用;Triton X-100可显著改善黄铜矿的微生物浸出效果,当其质量浓度为30 mg·L-1时,黄铜矿中铜的浸出率提高了52.15%.Triton X-100的加入提高了氧化亚铁硫杆菌对黄铜矿浸出过程中间产物硫的生物利用性和消解作用,从而提高了浸出体系中细菌浓度和Fe3+浓度,进而促进了黄铜矿的溶解.  相似文献   

5.
利用人工合成的 1nm锰矿相与铜、钴、镍等二价金属阳离子的离子交换实验的结果表明 :人工合成 1nm锰矿相具有强烈的金属阳离子交换能力 ,其交换能力大小顺序为Cu2 +>Co2 +>Zn2 +>Ni2 +;有机质存在对离子交换起到抑制作用 .阳离子交换是多金属结核成矿后期的重要途径 .从镍离子较弱的交换能力和其在结核中较高含量的矛盾中可推测 :铜、钴、镍等有价金属元素在多金属结核中的富集 ,可能是生物成矿和化学作用等多种因素共同作用的结果  相似文献   

6.
微生物浸出金川露天剥离低品位镍矿   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
进行了金川露天剥离镍矿的生物浸出实验.证明金川露天剥离镍矿有价金属的浸出是氧化亚铁硫杆菌直接浸出作用和自由菌产生的Fe3 间接浸出作用的联合;生长于液体培养基中和矿物表面硫杆菌化学行为的差异源于细菌表面存在蛋白质膜;浸出速率和菌种氧化活性受吸附在固相上和液相中细菌生长繁殖速率、矿浆质量浓度、pH值和Fe3 的影响;Fe3 的添加可影响菌种活性,抑制浸出的进行,且易在矿物表面产生沉淀,使浸出率降低.  相似文献   

7.
氧化亚铁硫杆菌对矿山酸矿水中金属污染元素分布的影响   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
酸矿水是含硫化物矿石在表生条件下与水圈大气圈及微生物相互作用产生的,是环境污染的重要来源.安徽铜陵地区是长江中下游典型多金属矿集区之一,在长期开采过程中产生大量废矿石.地表条件下这些含硫化物的废矿石被氧化,产生对生态环境有严重影响的酸矿水.以鸡冠山矿山为例分析酸矿水中主要微量元素和氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分布特征及相互关系.研究表明,自然酸矿水中存在大量氧化亚铁硫杆菌,酸矿水的形成可能与氧化亚铁硫杆菌的发育有一定联系,氧化亚铁硫杆菌促进酸矿水形成;鸡冠山酸矿水的pH值在2.5~4.2之间,与适宜氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长的酸性条件一致;微量元素在酸矿水中的分布与pH值和氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分布密切相关,在最适宜氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长的pH值3.0左右的酸矿水中微量元素浓度达最低,说明氧化亚铁硫杆菌和酸度对微量元素的分布有一定制约;酸矿水中高度富集微量元素,比河水中溶解态的微量元素含量高出几千倍到几十万倍甚至千万倍.  相似文献   

8.
为评估微生物浸出某铀矿石的应用前景,设计正交实验,在不同初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比条件下,分别开展了嗜铁钩端螺旋菌、嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌浸出某铀矿石的研究。三株微生物对某铀矿石的最高浸出率均高于97%。浸出过程中,微生物浸出体系的pH值均呈下降趋势,Eh值均呈上升趋势。初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比四个因素对三株微生物的浸出均有影响,但对不同微生物浸铀的影响存在区别。影响嗜铁钩端螺旋菌浸出的主要因素是接种量,而嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌的浸出主要受初始pH值的影响。  相似文献   

9.
从太平洋海底沉积物中分离到的四株异养微生物,进行耐酸和耐金属的驯化,在好氧和厌氧条件下进行异养微生物异化还原大洋多金属结核的实验,并分析了浸出机理. 结果表明:厌氧浸出优于好氧浸出,pH控制在2.5~3,浸出时间为3d,浸出率可达98%. 利用异养微生物还原浸出大洋多金属矿浸出速率高,矿体无需通气,投资低,易于操作,且环境友好,可在回收有价金属的同时进行固体废弃物和有机废弃物综合治理.  相似文献   

10.
对几种含不同成分的铀矿石进行了铀的氧化亚铁硫杆菌柱浸实验和耐性实验研究.柱浸实验结果表明,与硫酸浸出相比,细菌浸出可降低酸耗5%-20%.耐性实验结果表明,氧化亚铁硫杆菌经过驯化培养,能在铀质量浓度近2.0g/L的环境中生存并可氧化Fe^2+,耐F^-可从驯化培养前质量浓度0.28g/L提高到0.83g/L.  相似文献   

11.
不同能源物质对At.f菌浸出低品位铜尾矿的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌LD-1菌株(At.f LD-1)为研究对象,研究硫酸亚铁、硫代硫酸钠和黄铁矿3种能源物质对At.f LD-1菌株浸出低品位铜尾矿浸出体系及铜浸出效率的影响.研究结果表明:At.f LD-1菌株浸出铜尾矿初期加入适量的硫酸亚铁、硫代硫酸钠、黄铁矿均能提高铜的浸出效率,其中以硫代硫酸钠的效果最为显著;初始加入二价铁质量浓度为5 g/L时浸出效果较好,46d铜浸出率达35.00%,与不加硫酸亚铁的相比提高13.63%;硫代硫酸钠中S质量浓度为1 g/L时浸铜效果最好,46d铜的浸出率达到38.10%,与不加硫代硫酸钠的相比提高23.70%;加入黄铁矿对提高铜浸出率也能起到促进作用,浸出46d后铜浸出率达34.17%,与不加黄铁矿时相比提高11.00%.  相似文献   

12.
Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.  相似文献   

13.
The fusion of the leaching and purification processes was realized by directly using microemulsion as the leaching agent. The bis-(2-ethyhexyl) phosphoric acid(DEHPA)/n-heptane/Na OH microemulsion system was established to directly leach vanadates from sodium-roasted vanadium slag. The effect of the leaching agent on the leaching efficiency was investigated, in addition to the molar ratio of H_2O/Na DEHP(W), DEHPA concentration, solid/liquid ratio, stirring time, and leaching temperature. In optimal situations, the vanadium leaching efficiency reaches 79.57%. The X-ray diffraction characterization of the leaching residue and the Raman spectrum of the microemulsion before and after leaching demonstrate the successful entry of vanadates from the sodium-roasted vanadium slag into the microemulsion. The proposed method successfully realizes the leaching and purification of vanadates in one step, thereby greatly reducing production costs and environmental pollution. It also offers a new way to achieve the green recovery of valuable metals from solid resources.  相似文献   

14.
为了直观地表征大洋多金属矿微生物浸出过程中各因素的相互关系,进行了微生物催化MnO2-FeS2-H2SO4体系的好氧和厌氧浸出实验,利用DLVO理论建立厌氧条件下微生物催化浸出氧化锰矿物中有价金属的动力学模型--收缩核模型.微生物在厌氧条件下催化大洋多金属矿和黄铁矿的氧化还原反应,浸出锰的机理是细菌催化铁离子在二价和三价的循环转化;微生物吸附在矿物表面加速反应的进程,矿物颗粒在反应中不断缩小.进一步实验表明收缩核模型曲线与实验曲线拟合较好,验证了模型的可靠性.  相似文献   

15.
The multiphase reaction process of pressure leaching is mainly carried out in the liquid phase. Therefore, gas holdup is essential for the gas-liquid-solid phase reaction and the extraction rate of valuable metals. In this paper, a transparent quartz autoclave, a six blades disc turbine-type agitator, and a high-speed camera were used to investigate the gas holdup of the pressure leaching process. Furthermore, experiments determining the effects of agitation rate, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure on gas holdup were carried out. The results showed that when the agitation rate increased from 350 to 600 r/min, the gas holdup increased from 0.10% to 0.64%. When the temperature increased from 363 to 423 K, the gas holdup increased from 0.14% to 0.20%. When the oxygen partial pressure increased from 0.1 to 0.8 MPa, the gas holdup increased from 0.13% to 0.19%. A similar criteria relationship was established by Homogeneous Principle and Buckingham's theorem. Comprehensively, empirical equation of gas holdup was deduced on the basis of experimental data and the similarity theory, where the criterion equation was determined as ε=4.54×10-11n3.65Pg0.18. It can be seen from the formula that agitation rate made the most important impact on gas holdup in the pressure leaching process using the mixed-flow agitator.  相似文献   

16.
The recovery of valuable metals from complex sulfide concentrates was investigated via chlorination roasting followed by water leaching. A reaction process is proposed on the basis of previous studies and the results of our preliminary experiments. During the process, various process parameters were studied, including the roasting temperature, the addition of NH4Cl, the roasting time, the leaching time, and the liquid-to-solid ratio. The roasted products and leach residues were characterized by X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. Under the optimum condition, 95% of Ni, 98% of Cu, and 88% of Co were recovered. In addition, the removal of iron was studied in the water leaching stage. The results demonstrate that this process provides an effective approach for extracting multiple metals from complex concentrates or ores.  相似文献   

17.
The use of microwave energy in materials processing is a relatively new development presenting numerous advantages because of the rapid heating feature. Microwave technology has great potential to improve the extraction efficiency of metals in terms of both a reduction in required leaching time and an increase in the recovery of valuable metals. This method is especially pertinent in view of the increased demand for environment-friendly processes. In the present study, the influence of microwave heating on the direct leaching of chalcopyrite ores and concentrates were investigated. The results of microwave leaching experiments were compared with those obtained under conventional conditions. During these processes, parameters such as leaching media, temperature, and time have been worked to determine the optimum conditions for proper copper dissolution. Experimental results show that microwave leaching is more efficient than conventional leaching. The optimum leaching conditions for microwave leaching are the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:100 g/mL, the temperature of 140°C, the solution of 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.05 M Fe2(SO4)3, and the time of 1 h.  相似文献   

18.
研究矿物为赞比亚某钴精矿,浸矿菌种为ZY101.该菌种经长期驯化耐钴性良好,在含钴30g·L-1的环境中正常生长.在浸出过程中,通过测量矿浆的pH值、电位值、亚铁离子浓度、菌浓度以及钴的浸出率来考察吐温80对浸出效果的影响.实验结果表明:在浸出过程中,添加表面活性剂吐温80可以加快浸出速率,提高钴的浸出率,其最佳用量为0.01%(体积分数),此时,钴的浸出率达到93.25%.与未加吐温80的浸出体系相比,钴的浸出率提高了62%.在赞比亚钴精矿生物浸出过程中,添加吐温80催化效果良好.  相似文献   

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