Application of ANSYS 3D FEM in Studies of Surface Deformation Caused by Pipe Jacking

By using site observation data and establishing 3D model using ANSYS software,this paper has discussed the strain change of stratum stress during process of jacking-in and the im-pact of machine head on ground surface under different frontal resistances. Analysis of the two cases shows that soil pressure reaches its maximum point when the soil is right above machine head,and soil stress will gradually decline when machine head passes over it. It also shows that impact brought by pipe-jacking construction on stress change of the surrounding soil is limited. The thesis suggest that road surface should be consolidated and soil condition be improved before construction to prevent loss and disaster caused by road surface deformation,jacking force can be increased so that jacking efficiency can be enhanced when ground stratum is well filled with soil,but the frontal resistance facing machine head should be equal to surrounding soil pressure in order to avoid rise of ground surface.     

Communication Styles and Business English Teaching

Nowadays,more and more people in the business community realize an urgent need to use English to cope with increasing economic globalization.Some people claim that they cannot communicate well because they do not learn English vocabulary and grammar well.However,we should understand that linguistic capability and communicative competency are two different things.Communicative competency is in fact largely affected by the culture that a language represents.This paper will focus on differences between the ways in which Chinese English speakers and native English speakers communicate in business situations,and furthermore,analyze their cultural roots.The purpose of this paper is to make people be more aware of the difficulties or problems that may occur when using English in business activities,and therefore,improve the ability to reduce or avoid misunderstandings,embarrassment and even conflicts in cross-cultural communication.     

A Comparative Study of the Jerome Model and the Horace Model

This paper will try to compare the Jerome model with the Horace model to look into advantages, shortages and relationship be-tween them. It mainly discusses the important roles of the Jerome model and the Horace model in turning Chinese from their translation ef-fects. The present article comes to a conclusion that they are opposite, related, complementary, melting and permeating. And it gives us anidea that we should neither praise nor censure either of them, and we should adopt a correct method according to the concrete conditions toachieve a perfect translation effect.     

Coordination by Option Contracts in a Retailer-Led Supply Chain with Demand Update

This research examines how to use an option contract to coordinate a retailer-led supply chain where the market information can be updated. Based on Stackelberg game theory, we build a mode with one supplier and one retailer in which the retailer designs contracts to coordinate the supplier＇s production in a two-mode production environment. This focuses on an option contract that consists of two option prices and one exercise price. By theoretical analysis and numerical example, we find that such a contract can coordinate the supplier and retailer to act in the best interest of the channel. The optimal pricing conditions are given as follows： First, option prices should be negatively correlated to the exercise price and should be in a relevant range. Second, the first-period option price should be no greater than the second-period price and should be linearly correlated to the second-period option price when the latter is beyond some threshold. The results show that such option contracts can arbitrarily allocate the extra system profit between the two parties so that each party is in a win-win situation.     

Information for Authors

GeneralPapas submitted for publication should be new publications. Prior Publication in Conference proceedings of an abstract, summary, or other abbreviated, preliminary form of material shall not preclude publication in this journal when notice of such prior or concurrent publication given at the same time of submission. Translated materials, which has not been published in Hnglish, will also be considered. Papers should cover scientific and technical subjects, and they may report fundamental theoretical or experimental investigations, developments in textiles and related disciplines. All papers are refereed to ensure quality.     

Design of process parameters for direct squeeze casting

On the basis of the analysis of solidification interval and temperature distribution of components manufactured by the squeeze casting method, formulas for calculating the solidification interval and compaction pressure were deduced according to the principal request that the compaction pressure should be equal to or greater than the plastic deformation resistance of the forming component when solidification ended. The solidification interval was proven to be associated with many factors, such as weight of the component, specific heat of the alloy, latent heat, pouring temperature, component temperature at the end of solidification and heat-transfer coefficients. The compaction pressure was related to the strain rate, deformation temperature, and dimension of the de- forming component. The solidification interval and compaction pressure calculated by the formulas deduced in this article were adopted in the production of 45 steel bidirectional chapiter valves, and components with excellent oerformance were manufactured.     

Reliability of Reinforced Concrete Buildings During Constructio

The safety analysis of reinforced concrete buildings during construction should be based on the comprehensive understanding of loads, load effects, structural resistance, and available safety index of the structure. This paper analyzes the characteristics and probabilistic models of resistance, loads, and load effects. A method was developed to calculate the probability of failure based on Monte Carlo simulation and models proposed in previous articles. Construction examples were used to analyze the influence of live load on the probability of failure. The results show that when the live load increases, the maximum probability of failure increases with acceleration. The results suggest that the construction live load should be carefully addressed during construction.     

Reliability of Reinforced Concrete Buildings During Construction

The safety analysis of reinforced concrete buildings during construction should be based on the comprehensive understanding of loads, load effects, structural resistance, and available safety index of the structure. This paper analyzes the characteristics and probabilistic models of resistance, loads, and load effects. A method was developed to calculate the probability of failure based on Monte Carlo simulation and models proposed in previous articles. Construction examples were used to analyze the influence of live load on the probability of failure. The results show that when the live load increases, the maximum probability of failure increases with acceleration. The results suggest that the construction live load should be carefully addressed during construction.     

Research of MPLS traffic engineering over differentiated services

An approach to traffic engineering that uses differentiated services (DS) and multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) to provide quantitative network quality of service (QoS) guarantees over an IP network was proposed. The traffic associated with assured forwarding (AF) Per-Hop behavior (PHB) in differentiated services enabled IP network was modeled. Furthermore, the effect of such traffic on network resources with the objective of developing efficient traffic engineering methodologies was analyzed and the optimization problem relating to traffic engineering in DS networks with an MPLS core was formulated. The service 收稿日期:by TCP and UDP flows when they share either a link or a MPLS traffic trunk was also compared and found that in order to benefit from traffic engineering, MPLS trunks should be implemented end-end (first router to last router). If some part of the network is MPLS trunk-unaware, the benefits are reduced or eliminated.     

Towards Disaggregate Dynamic Travel Forecasting Models

The authors argue that travel forecasting models should be dynamic and disaggregate in their representation of demand, supply, and supply-demand interactions, and propose a framework for such models. The proposed framework consists of disaggregate activity-based representation of travel choices of individual motorists on the demand side integrated with disaggregate dynamic modeling of network performance, through vehicle-based traffic simulation models on the supply side. The demand model generates individual members of the population and assigns to them socioeconomic characteristics. The generated motorists maintain these characteristics when they are loaded on the network by the supply model. In an equilibrium setting, the framework lends itself to a fixed-point formulation to represent and resolve demand-supply interactions. The paper discusses some of the remaining development challenges and presents an example of an existing travel forecasting model system that incorporates many of the proposed elements.     

Nobody Is Incorrigible

Education is so important for everyone, but it is so hard for everyone. We all know that ＂ Good teacher makes good students, also good students makes good teachers.＂ Don＇t look down upon others, everybody is excellent but they are different from each other, not needing to be compared with each other. When they were born, they are unique and noble, they have ability learn well if you make an effort, teachers should have confidence in their peculiar trait and noble characters. A teacher＇s duty is to help them exhibit their potential virtues, teacher＇s duty is to explore their virtues and make different beautiful works of art. If you are always criticizing and punishing them, you will destroy the little confidence of them. Why don＇t use praise and encouragement instead of punishment. Though they are different from each other, why force them to be the same.     

Influence of Language Environment on Second Language Acquisition

As the development of the economy and technology as well as the education,more and more people begin to learn English.There are many factors that can affect the learning effect,such as emotion,motivation,environment and etc,but the most important one should be the environment factor.The learners only be put into the target language,they can experience the real language,and make progress in a relatively short period of time.     

Human endothelial senescence can be induced by TNF-α

TNF-α is one of the most important proinfiammatory cytokines in mediating multiple physio-pathological functions during immunological responses. Vascular endothelial cells, when stimulated by TNF-α2 can increase the expression of multiple cytokines and cellular adhesion molecules and, in turn, actively promote the inflammatory responses by recruiting and activating of leukocytes to the inflammatory site. In addition to endothelial death induced by TNF-α2 we found for the first time that TNF-α can also induce the human endothelial cells senescence. The induced senescent endothelial cells will display SA-β-Gal staining and they were arrested in G0-G1 phase. We found that Aψm would always be up-regulated in response to TNF-α stimulation at early time but when the cells become senescent, A ψmshows a tendency to decrease. It may reflect the sthenic function of mitochondria at early time in response to TNF-αstimulation and decay when the endothelial cells were induced senescent. ROS fluctuates at early time and also decreases when the endothelial cells become senescent. Our results show that the change of mitochondrial function may be related to the senescent process.``     

Effects of water treatments on the activation of soil seed banks – A case study on the lower reaches of the Tarim River

Evaluation of seedling emergence is a common method used to investigate the vegetation restoration potential of soil seed banks. Previous studies have primarily been conducted in the laboratory using a single water treatment. However, when this method is used, it is difficult to optimize the water conditions for the needs of the individual species of seeds. Additionally, the germination conditions for seedlings in the laboratory are different from those in nature. To avoid these issues, we conducted experiments to activate soil seed banks in the field using different water treatments. The results revealed that: (1) generally, the number of species and quantity of seedlings decrease gradually as the water supply decreases, but that for several species most seedlings did not appear when they were provided with the greatest amount of water, and (2) different species present different germination characteristics. According to the rate of seedling emergence, the species were classified into two germination types: fast and slow. In addition, each species also had a unique climax period of emergence, which was delayed with a decrease in water supply. Therefore, the amount of water provided is vital to seedling emergence, and various water treatments should be evaluated when studying the characteristics of different species in soil seed banks. For the lower reaches of the Tarim River, the optimal soil moisture for seedling emergence ranged from 23% to 28%, and seedling conservation should be strengthened during the climax period of emergence (9–15 days from the day when water became available). These results highlight the importance of the use of an optimal water treatment and demonstrate the danger of using a single treatment method. Our results also emphasize the need for a preliminary study prior to conducting studies to evaluate seed banks.     

H∞ Theory and its Application to the Position of Rolling Mill Control System

The controller designed according to classical or modern control theory will not satisfy the performance requirements when the controlled object in industrial field can not be described by exact mathematical model or the disturbance of the controlled system. In order to make the controlled system stable and having good performance, H∞ control theory was put forward to solve this practical problem. Taking the position of a rolling mill as the controlled object, it was rectified by optimal engineering way. Then, three different plans were put forward according to Bang-Bang control, LQ control and H∞ control, respectively. The result of the simulation shows that the controller designed according to H∞ method whose robust performance and ability to restrain colors disturbance is satisfactory.     

Culture Input in Foreign Language Teaching

Language and culture are highly interrelated, that is to say, language is not only the carrier of culture but it is also restricted by culture. Therefore, foreign language teaching aiming at cultivate students＇ intercultural communication should take culture differences into con- sideration. In this paper, the relationship between language and culture will be discussed. Then I will illustrate the importance of intercultural c Finally, according to the present situation of foreign language teaching in China, several strategies for cultural input in and out of class will be suggested.     

Conflicting and Harmonizing Between the Black Culture and the White Culture Embodied in Morrison''''s Works and Lecture

In Toni Morrison's works ,there seems to be an eternal theme——the cruelty of black American peoples' fate and the conflict between black culture and white culture. Black culture is in an inferior position for a long time. In Morrison's opinion,the blacks can only survive in the white -dominated world on condition that they hold their own cultural root. And on the other hand,there is another way people should seek,which is to realize tolerance and compatibility of the two cultures. In this speech,Morrison again expounded the relation between the two cultures and expressed her wish that black culture could be admitted and respected by the white people.     

A Comparative Study of Grammar Teaching in the Grammar-Translation, Audio-Lingual and Communicative Approaches

Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the role of grammar in English language teaching. Grammar teaching has become a preoccupation among more and more language researchers and teachers. This paper sets out to compare the views of grammar teaching in the Grammar-Translation, Audio-Lingual and Communicative Approaches from the following five points, the status of grammar teaching, the different methods in the instruction of grammar, the teacher’s role in grammar teaching, the characteristics of typical teaching activities in the three approaches with detailed examples and the effect of the three approaches to grammar teaching.It is concluded that grammar teaching should subscribe to an eclectic approach, that is, to take advantage of the strong points of each approach and avoid their weak points. Moreover, grammar teaching should be conducted according to the variables of learners and teaching circumstances.     

Comparative Analysis and Development Trend of Rock Drill

A large number of pneumatic rock drills are being extensively used in a majority of mines in China nowadays, with a high noise level up to 125 dB（A） and large vibration and oil-fog on working-site, which can seriously jeopardize manipulator＇ s body and mind. Aiming at improving drilling environment and labor safety condition, the production mechanism of noise of all sorts of rock drills including pneumatic hydraulic and water-powered rock drills and measures of reducing noise level of pneumatic rock drills in special were discussed and led to the conclusion of that the pneumatic rock drills should be eliminated step by step, the hydraulic rock drill should be developed at full speed and especially the water-powered rock drill should be studied and applied according to the situation of China. In addition, the reasons of why hydraulic rock drills have not yet been used extensively and spread wide areas in China were discussed. The main technical parameters of newly developed leg-supporting water-powered rock drill and the comparation of experimental data between pneumatic rock drill and hydraulic rock drill were listed. The experimental results show that water-powered rock drill possesses the same superior properties as hydraulic rock drill and its noise is less than 20 dB（A） than pneumatic rock drill and there is no oil-fog on the working-site and vibration is reduced largely~ but its drilling speed is raised largely , its structure is simpler, and maintenance is convenient. Therefore, popularizing applying of water-powered rock drill will be an effective way of improving mine working environment according to the current situation of China.