气相色谱-质谱法分析茶叶中常见的15种农药残留

目的：利用气相色谱-质谱法同时检测茶叶中有机氯,拟除虫菊酯,有机磷多种农药残留。方法：茶叶试样用二氯甲烷提取后经无水硫酸钠脱水,活性炭脱色,再用凝胶色谱柱净化,净化液浓缩并定容后,供色相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）测定和确证,外标法定量。结论：气相色谱-质谱法分析茶叶中农药残留量快速、高效,重现性、回收率较好,符合实际检验要求。     

气相色谱法测定茶叶中菊酯类农药残留

近年来,茶叶的安全卫生已经在国际贸易中成为一种技术壁垒.如何用科学的方法,快速、准确地检测出茶叶中农药的残留量,对正确使用农药,提高茶叶质量,扩大出口起着重要作用.菊酯类农药是一类广谱性杀虫剂,具有高效、低毒、低残留等优点,近年来广泛用于茶园虫害的防治.本文介绍一种用气相色谱法测量茶叶中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯残留的方法.该方法采用微量化学法和固相萃取技术对样品进行提取及净化处理,在实际应用中效果较为理想.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中42种残留农药

粉碎后的茶叶使用乙腈超声提取,再经石墨化碳固相萃取柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)的选择离子监测（SIM）方式和外标法定量方法,同时分析测定了茶叶中的42种农药(12种有机氯、9种拟除虫菊酯、20种有机磷和戊唑醇)残留量。该方法回收率在62.5%～120.1%之间,相对标准偏差小于15.1%,42种农药的检出限最低为0.3μg/kg,最高为9.2μg/kg。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,各项技术指标满足国内外农药残留检测的要求,能够应用于茶叶试样中痕量农药残留的分析。     

基质固相分散萃取测定茶叶中农药多残留初探

文章建立了一个简单快速、能同时分析茶叶中多种农药残留的新方法。采用一种新的样品前处理方法——基质固相分散(Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion,MSPD)萃取替代传统的液-液萃取、固相萃取,从茶叶中提取、净化14种常用农药残留,采用GC-FPD分析检测;14种农药的回收率在65.4%~110.6%之间,相对标准偏差小于19.3%,LOD为5.0~30.0μg/L,LOQ为25.0~100.0μg/L。     

茶叶中农药残留分析技术研究进展

查阅近些年国内外公开发表的文献,简述了我国茶叶生产上常用农药情况,比较了国内外茶叶农药残留最大限量标准,综述了茶叶中农药残留的主要检测技术,重点对固相微萃取法、液相微萃取法、分散固相萃取法等样品前处理技术,以及气相色谱法、液相色谱法、质谱法、免疫分析法等检测技术在茶叶农药残留分析中的应用及特点进行了总结,并对其发展方向进行了展望,以期为今后开展茶叶中农药残留的分析研究提供参考。     

国内外茶叶农药最大残留限量标准比较分析

我国出口茶叶中经常检出农药超标,严重影响其国际竞争力。通过对我国茶叶农药最大残留限量(MRLs)标准与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)以及欧盟、日本、澳大利亚等发达国家茶叶农药最大残留限量标准的比较分析,找出我国与国外茶叶农药最大残留限量标准的差距,了解各国茶叶农药最大残留限量标准的最新动态,并对差异进行了分析研究,为完善我国茶叶农药最大残留限量标准提出参考建议,对提升我国茶叶出口竞争具有重要意义。     

超声提取-分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定绿茶中有机磷类农药残留

应用超声辅助提取和分散固相萃取前处理方法结合气相色谱（配火焰光度检测器）建立了绿茶中13种有机磷类农药残留的快速分析方法.5 g茶叶样品用20 m L乙腈（含1%乙酸）超声辅助提取后,以石墨化炭黑与伯仲胺混合型固相分散净化,高速离心后氮吹浓缩复溶,过滤膜,用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器进行检测.在0.02-0.10 mg/kg的添加水平,13种有机磷农药的平均回收率是84.78%-116.72%,相对标准偏差是0.12%-9.32%,检出限是0.000 8-0.01 mg/kg.本方法简便快速,准确性好,成本低,该方法已用于市面上销售的绿茶产品中有机磷类农药残留测定,结果均低于国家标准GB 2763—2012的最大残留量要求.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定苹果中多种农药残留

通过对苹果中多种农药残留进行定性定量分析,考察方法的可行性与可靠性.用丙酮-己烷混合液(V丙酮∶V己烷=20∶80)溶液对苹果匀浆液进行提取,通过Florisil固相萃取柱净化苹果提取液,采用气相色谱-质谱对苹果中多种残留农药进行测定,以保留时间和特征离子定性定量;本方法测定了苹果中包括有机磷、有机氯、氨基甲酸酯类在内的50种农药,通过色谱和质谱对每一农药都进行了定性分析,86%农药的添加回收率都在70%～103%之间,相对标准偏差在0 2%～6 0%之间;证明了采用丙酮-己烷混合液(V丙酮∶V己烷=20∶80)溶液、Florisil固相萃取柱对苹果进行提取、净化,再用气相色谱-质谱分析多种农药残留的方法是可行的,可以作为针对多农药残留的分析方法.     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定蔬菜中9种菊酯类农药残留量

对3种不同种类蔬菜中残留的9种菊酯类农药的提取、净化及气相色谱测定方法进行了研究．样品采用乙腈提取,固相萃取柱[SFC Florisil-（1g）]净化,并采用GC-ECD法同时测定样品中9种菊酯类农药的残留量．方法检出限为0．0004～0．0040mg·kg^-1,平均回收率为84．3％～101.1％,相对标准偏差为1．5％～2．7％．该方法的样品预处理简单,分析速度快,结果准确可靠,能满足实际样品分析．     

GC-NCI-MS分析粮谷中多类农药残留

 建立了粮谷中14种农药残留（9种有机氯、3种拟除虫菊酯和2种含氯有机氮）气相色谱-负化学源-质谱（GC-NCI-MS）的分析方法,试样样品用V(正己烷)∶V(丙酮)=1∶1超声波提取,硅镁吸附剂净化,采用GC-NCI-MS选择离子扫描方式检测.结果表明,该方法准确、快速、选择性好、抗干扰能力强,14种农药的方法最低检出限：0.01～0.18?μg/kg,平均添加回收率在75.2%～109.7%之间,变异系数都小于10%,并成功应用于大米、面粉试样中痕量农药残留分析.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。