土壤氮素矿化影响因子研究进展

土壤氮素矿化研究对从农田生态系统氮素平衡到全球变化和环境问题均具有重要意义．本文概述了土壤氮素矿化的影响因素．从目前的研究看,土壤氮素矿化的影响因素主要来自四个方面：土壤环境因子,土壤有机质质量,土壤生物因素和土壤理化性质,主要是在对单个因子的效应方面的研究．土壤氮素矿化的进一步研究应当集中在弄清影响因子及其交互作用的机理的基础上,建立机理模型阐明主要生态系统的氮素矿化过程．     

滿江紅生長、繁殖及固氮能力的初步試驗

(一) 绪言我国农田土壤的含氮量很低,一般只有0.05-0.08％。据叶和才、陈华癸两氏的报告(1945),全国94％以上的水稻田都缺氮素,在很大的程度上,限制了作物产量的提高与品质改良。所以在农业生产上必须采取措施来增土壤含氮量,主要的方法是依靠人工施肥和生物的固氮作用。人工施肥虽是常用有效的方法,但目前我国氮素化学肥料相当缺乏,有机氮肥的供应量也不够充裕,开闢肥源是一个重要问题。     

生态防护林减轻农田氮素面源污染的研究进展

农业面源污染已成为我国环境污染的主要来源之一,随着农田氮肥施用量的不断增加,由氮素造成的农田面源污染已成为水体污染的主要原因之一。笔者综合近年来国内外专家学者的主要研究成果,分析造成农田施肥后的氨挥发、地表径流、淋溶和硝化-反硝化等氮损失4个主要途径,探讨了影响氮损失量及强度的因素,生态防护林对农田氮素在地表径流、淋溶的过程中的作用,以及影响防护林生态效能的因素。综合认为,防护林能在一定程度上控制农业面源氮素造成的水体污染,提高氮素利用率,并在此基础上就生态防护林减轻农田施肥氮损失的研究领域提出建议。     

耕作方式影响旱作农田土壤呼吸的整合研究

目的 研究农田生态系统中耕作管理措施实施后，中国旱作农田土壤呼吸的变化特征及其影响因素。方法 利用国内外已发表的55篇研究论文，通过Meta分析技术进行分析。结果 与传统耕作相比较而言，免耕、深耕、少耕和浅耕措施对土壤呼吸、温度、水分、有机碳、碳氮比、容重、微生物数量和农作物产量影响显著。免耕和深耕条件下土壤呼吸分别减少了8.22%(P<0.05)和2.25%(P>0.05),少耕和浅耕条件下土壤呼吸分别增加了7.86%和4.67%,但没有达到统计水平(P>0.05)。农业耕作管理措施实施后，土壤呼吸的改变量与土壤温度、水分、碳氮比、容重、有机碳、微生物数量和农作物产量的改变量密切相关，且对农田土壤呼吸的贡献呈现出土壤理化性质(47%～96%)>土壤微环境因素(4%～19%)>生物因素(4%～13%)的趋势。结论 在中国旱作农田生态系统中，耕作管理措施实施后，农田土壤呼吸主要受土壤理化性质(土壤有机碳、土壤碳氮比和土壤容重)的驱动，从固碳减排的角度而言，应该在中国旱作农田大力推广免耕措施。     

白银区农田土壤氮磷钾养分特征

土壤是农业的基础。甘肃省白银市作为国家首批资源枯竭转型城市之一,大力发展农业是其转型的重要方向之一。自1983年第二次土壤普查以来,经过多年的地力培肥,农田土壤养分发生了变化。对比测定和分析农田土壤中氮磷钾元素含量及其特征对今后土壤养分资源的综合评价和科学施肥管理有着重要作用。     

近20年来和田绿洲农田土壤速效养分特征及其变化研究

文章以新疆和田绿洲农田为研究区,分别在和田、墨玉、洛浦三个县绿洲农田内采集土壤样品60个,并对所采集的土壤样品进行室内实验分析,采用统计学方法以及统计软件SPSS(11.0)计算数据,并结合80年代和田土壤普查资料,对研究区农田土壤速效养分现状及其变化特点进行统计分析.结果表明最近20年来,和田绿洲土壤速效养分含量均呈上升趋势.其中.农田土壤速效钾含量有所升高,属于高等水平,土壤速效磷含量由80年代的极低水平上升到了中等水平。和田县和洛浦县的土壤速效氮含量由80年代的极低水平上升到了高等水平,但墨玉县仍有多数土壤样品速效氮含量属于极低水平.     

农田养分平衡理论与实践进展综述

该文对国内外农田养分平衡研究进展以及因养分失衡引起的农业面源污染进行综述,并借鉴国外农田养分综合管理实践经验,以期加强我国区域农田生态系统养分平衡管理。     

西藏地区农田土壤培肥现状、问题与展望

对西藏地区过去和现在的农田培肥方式进行分析,总结其存在的问题,并结合西藏农田土壤现状,遵循农业可持续发展原则,以农牧系统耦合为指导方针,对西藏农田施肥方式提出新的解决途径,并对其进行可行性分析,以期为提升西藏地区农田施肥水平提供理论依据.     

农田水利工程建设和管理问题分析

农业发展关乎国家的国计民生。随着我国经济的发展,农村农业改革也在不断地深入,农田的水利工程显得尤为重要。目前,我国农田水利工程建设情况总体来说存在着诸多问题,有待解决。在农业生产活动中,农田水利工程有着举足轻重的作用,直接影响到农民的生活和农业的生产。该文就农田水利工程建设和管理中容易出现的一些问题进行分析,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

暗管排水技术在克拉玛依大农业区的应用

新疆克拉玛依20万亩农业开发项目是克拉玛依"50万亩生态农业开发项目"的一期工程,自建成到现在已经运行十年,昔日的戈壁荒原变成了农业经济较为发达的人工绿洲。近年来,农业开发区地下水位有不断抬升之势,潜水蒸发造成地表积盐极易引起土壤次生盐渍化。农业开发区农田有86.96%的土壤处于不同程度的盐渍化水平。结合水文地质条件和土壤调查结果,对大农业区布设暗管排水系统,对暗管系统的布置、管材选择、暗管的间距和埋深、暗管的水力计算等内容进行了分析,并制定了暗管工程具体的施工步骤和管理措施。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。