断弯褶皱和断层褶皱中的油气运移聚集行为

断弯褶皱和断层褶皱是前陆冲断带中的两种典型构造形式。运用有关断层中流体运移和封堵理论及方法，结合塔里木盆地库车前陆冲断带的油气勘探实例，对断弯褶皱和断展褶皱中油气运移和聚集行为进行分析讨论。初步认为断展褶皱中的油气运移与聚集能力优于断弯褶皱。具有特征表现在断弯褶皱中是：1）台阶状逆断层具有较强的封堵能力，使得其上、下盘构造被隔离为两个不同的油气运移与聚集体系；2）上盘背斜圈闭中的油气主要来自于褶皱后翼的向斜凹隐；3）背斜圈闭中的储层有可能被轴面变形条带分隔为3个隔离油气舱；在断展褶皱中其特征是1）断层端点的扩展作用过程，就是在断层阀机制作用下，油气沿断层带从下部地层向上部背斜核部运移输送的过程。2）断层上、下盘及背斜两翼可以构成一个统一的油气运移聚集体系。3）背斜储层中的油气往往处于异常流体压力状态。     

塔里木盆地库车褶皱冲断带的构造特征与油气聚集

根据地面地质调查和地震剖面解释 ,认为库车褶皱冲断带具有分带组合的构造特点 ,即由南侧的滑脱褶皱和北侧的断展褶皱相互匹配 ,实例有喀桑托开背斜与吉迪克背斜、吐孜麻扎背斜与大宛齐背斜、亚克里克背斜与米斯坎塔格背斜以及东秋里塔格背斜与亚肯背斜等 .除了南北分带、上下分层和东西分段特征外 ,库车褶皱冲断带还具有构造分块特点 ,自西向东依次可分却勒、克拉、迪那和阳霞 4大区块 .库车褶皱冲断带的油气聚集主要与侧断坡相关背斜有关     

断层传播褶皱在川西莲花山构造解释中的应用

断层传播褶皱是前陆盆地中发育的一种重要构造样武,往往出现在冲断构造带的前缘隐伏前锋带.断层传播褶皱、断层转折褶皱与滑脱褶皱共同构成了断层相关褶皱的三种基本类型,是重要的油气圈闭构造.通过对莲花山地区地震剖面的构造精细解释,结合野外剖面调查、钻井倾角测井资料分析,发现川西盆地南段莲花山构造为-发育在古隆起背景上的、具反转性质的断层传播褶皱.此褶皱走向为北东向,剖面上表现为北西翼缓、南东翼陡的不对称箱状背斜.     

Maranon盆地油气地质特征及勘探潜力

以地质、地球物理数据为基础,结合前人研究成果,对Maranon盆地演化与油气地质特征进行了详细的分析.研究表明:Maranon盆地是一多旋回次安第斯山前陆盆地,经历了古生代克拉通期、三叠纪—侏罗纪伸展断陷期、白垩纪拗陷期和晚白垩纪后前陆期4个构造演化阶段,纵向沉积地层可划分为前白垩系、白垩系和后白垩系3套巨层序.盆地内含有白垩系Chonta/Napo组和三叠—侏罗系Pucara组2套主力烃源岩及多套储盖组合.油气运移方式为垂向运移、侧向运移和阶梯式运移.盆地主要发育西部挤压断层和褶皱圈闭、中部背斜和披覆背斜圈闭、东部断层和牵引背斜圈闭等构造圈闭,可能发育岩性、地层圈闭.不同类型圈闭呈北西—南东向条带状分布.前陆坳陷带构造-地层和岩性圈闭、褶皱冲断带区古近纪构造圈闭以及东部斜坡带地层和岩性圈闭是盆地的有利勘探潜力区.     

西藏羌塘盆地盐相关构造特征与油气聚集

羌塘盆地中侏罗统盐岩层系发育,并控制了盆地变形和圈闭样式,将盆地盐相关构造和圈闭类型分为盐上、盐层(盐间)和盐下3种型式.盐上构造包括盐上滚动背斜、断弯-断展背斜、背冲断块、逆冲断层遮挡构造和盐推覆构造等;盐层(盐间)构造包括盐窿、断褶构造、鱼尾构造和盐间双冲构造等;盐下构造主要有背冲断块、断弯-断展背斜和盐下双重构造.羌塘盆地盐相关构造形成于侏罗纪末并在新生代进一步定型.根据盆地盐岩层分布和构造特点,将盆地分为盐上、盐层和盐下3种油气成藏模式,其中盐层和盐下是有利的油气聚集场所.     

吐鲁番坳陷逆掩断裂带下盘油气勘探领域成藏条件

以吐哈盆地区域构造应力场分析和以轴面成图与构造趋势分析为基础的吐鲁番坳陷3维空间构造演化模拟为出发点,认为吐鲁番坳陷侏罗系发育3排弧形构造带组成的巨型弧形构造体系,提出吐鲁番富油气坳陷发育逆掩断裂带下盘油气勘探新领域.逆掩断裂带下盘油气勘探领域有利成藏条件主要表现在:发育构造、岩性2大类和背斜、断鼻、断块、顺物源岩性和反物源岩性5种类型圈闭,构造类圈闭主要形成于侏罗系末期,岩性类圈闭主要依附于古构造背景发育,剩余圈闭面积大且成群成带分布,整体勘探程度较低,勘探潜力较大;紧邻3大主力生烃凹陷(胜北、丘东和小草湖),油源条件优越;发育中侏罗统区域和中下侏罗统局部2套盖层,逆掩断裂带下盘上倾方向断裂封堵条件好,后期保存条件优越,有利于较低部位的油气聚集成藏;整体构造体系与圈闭主要形成于侏罗系末期到白垩系早期,与侏罗系末白垩系的油气生成、运移与聚集期匹配良好,是吐哈盆地侏罗系进一步勘探的主要领域.     

断层相关褶皱的磁组构与有限应变：川西岷江冲断构造的实例分析

在龙门山褶皱冲断构造的前锋带上,选取了一条典型的断层相关褶皱构造剖面进行磁组构研究．沿着剖面在不同构造部位的23个采样点中钻取了224个定向岩芯样品,所有样品均采自上三叠统须家河组地层中．通过磁组构研究,在断层相关褶皱中鉴别出6种特征的磁组构类型: (1)沉积磁组构;(2)初始变形磁组构;(3)铅笔构造磁组构;(4)弱劈理磁组构;(5)强劈理磁组构和(6)拉伸线理磁组构．研究表明,大多数磁组构显示出弱应变特征,属于褶皱前夕的平行层缩短(LPS)的纯剪变形结果;在断层弯曲褶皱中的磁组构基本上都是弱应变的初始变形组构,背斜前翼比后翼应变略强,断层下盘没有显示出有限应变．断层扩展褶皱的三角剪切带是有限应变最为集中的地区,其中的磁组构特征大致符合运动学模拟的预测结果．磁组构所指示的构造应力场在整个剖面上基本是一致的,主要为NW-SE向的挤压缩短,这与龙门山褶皱冲断带的区域挤压应力方向是相同的．     

巴楚断隆西段古董山构造带断层封堵性与油气成藏的关系

对塔里木盆地巴楚隆起西段古董山断裂带断裂封堵性以及断裂封堵、开启与油气成藏关系进行分析,参考领区色力布亚断裂南段亚松迪油气藏,最终确定该断裂上、下盘油气成藏可能性.研究结果表明:穹塔克-古董山断层上盘断背斜下奥陶统碳酸盐储层(T81～T74),侧向封堵条件差,油气成藏的可能性不大;而断层下盘中下奥陶统储层(T81～T74)在该断层活动期间,纵向不封闭,构成油气运移通道,断层停止活动后,由于其正压力大而使它很快紧闭,加之逆掩推覆,寒武系膏盐岩直接披盖其上,断层封堵性较好,有利于油气藏的保存.     

韧性基底层黏度对褶皱-冲断带变形特征的影响——来自物理模拟的启示

目的 系统研究韧性基底层黏度对褶皱一冲断带变形特征的影响.方法 采用不同韧性基底层黏度砂箱模型进行系列实验.结果 韧性基底层在黏度较高的情况下,褶皱-冲断带以前冲断层为主导,并以前展方式扩展.随着韧性基底层黏度的降低,后冲断层逐渐占主导,形成双冲向、且比较典型的隔槽式褶皱-冲断带.结论 韧性基底层黏度对褶皱-冲断带变形演化具有十分显著的影响,宽阔低锥度的双冲向褶皱-冲断带的形成可能与其下伏存在的软弱基底层有关.韧性基底层的存在是形成隔槽式褶皱-冲断构造样式的重要因素.     

库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带的构造特征与油气

克拉苏构造带位于库车前陆盆地的北侧,由浅部和深部两个层次的构造组成、上、下同层次的构造具有不一致性。浅部层次的构造主要为断层传播褶皱、断层传播－滑脱褶皱,这些构造的突破断层发育,不利于油气的保存;深部层次的构造主要为被动顶板双重构造、突发构造和断层转折褶皱,这些构造在走向上相互转变,构成了本区最有利的构造圈闭。断裂是本区最重要的构造,它不仅是烃源岩排烃的有效机制、而且是油气运移的通道。     

独山子背斜构造演化序列及其对油气成藏的控制

独山子背斜位于准噶尔南缘四棵树凹陷,背斜北翼陡南翼缓,北翼近于直立,造成背斜北翼地震剖面呈现空白区。通过二维地震反射剖面和钻井资料精细构造解析,结合正演以及运动学数值模拟技术,提出独山子背斜构造模型:独山子背斜发育上、下两套滑脱层,下部滑脱层发育断层转折褶皱,上部滑脱层发育三角剪切型断层传播褶皱,构成一个叠加背斜构造。独山子背斜中上组合构造发育喜马拉雅运动期3期构造演化序列,即早期(N2d沉积时期)转折褶皱、中期(Q1沉积时期)传播褶皱及晚期(Q4沉积时期)冲断改造。喜马拉雅运动期3期构造演化序列控制了独山子背斜中上组合油气运聚与油气藏展布特征。     

Quaternary folding in the south piedmont of central segment of Tianshan Mountains

The Tianshan Mountains are an important active structural belt in the interior of Eurasia. By integrated methods of surface geology survey and interpretation of seismic profiles, we distinguish fold scarps located at the south limb of the Kuqatawu anticline and the north limb of the Dongqiulitag anticline in the Kuqa rejuvenation foreland thrust belt, south piedmont of central segment of the Tianshan Mountains. Fold scarp is a newly found structural phenomenon. Because of the bend of thrust plane and the movement of hanging wall above the thrust plane, the original horizontal deposits of hanging wall and their surface become a monocline structure, resulting from the separating and migration of the active and fixed axial surfaces. Measuring the geometry of fold scarp and using the data of age of the deformed deposits, the crustal shortening rate resulting from the deeply seated subsurface thrust is calculated. The crustal shortening rate reflected by the fold scarp located at the north limb of the Dngqiulitag anticline is (1±0.1) mm/a. The fold scarps of the Dongqiulitag anticline and the Kuqatawu anticline identify that the deformation process of the crustal compressive structures in the Kuqa area extends into the Late Quaternary.     

雅克拉断凸张扭断裂构造特征与油气运聚关系

通过对三维地震资料的解释可知, 雅克拉断凸中的晚第三纪张扭性断裂系统具有东西分块、南北分带的基本特征, 主要发育4种断裂构造样式: 阶梯状断裂构造、掀斜断块构造、堑垒式构造和负花状构造。与张扭性断裂系统有关的圈闭构造样式主要有4种: 断鼻与断背斜、掀斜断块、逆牵引背斜和地垒。张扭断裂系统主要活动期为晚第三纪吉迪克期和康村期, 其形成的圈闭与生烃期有较好的匹配关系。雅克拉断凸张扭性断裂系统在白垩系和第三系油气聚集过程中, 断裂的垂向运移通道作用表现得极为明显, 但是断层的侧向封堵对油气的聚集成藏也起到了至关重要的作用。     

Magnetic fabrics in fault-related fold and its relation with finite strain: an example from Mingjiang thrust structures in Western Sichuan

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a quick, effective and sensitive technique used to measure the weakly deformed sedimentary rocks, and also a reliable method to reveal the deforming mechanisms of fault-related folds. In Longmenshan front belt, a typical cross-section of fault-related folds is chosen to study the AMS. A total of 224 oriented specimens have been drilled at 23 different sampling sites which were distributed at the key structural positions of this structural section developed in the Xujiahe formation of the upper Triassic. Six elementary types of magnetic fabrics are recognized and established through this AMS study: 1) a sedimentary fabric; 2) an initial deformation fabric; 3) a pencil structure fabric; 4) a weak cleavage fabric; 5) a strong cleavage fabric; 6) a stretching lineation fabric. It has been found that most of magnetic fabrics are characterized by fabrics of weak deformation which belong to the pure-shear results of a pre-folding layer parallel shortening (LPS). In the fault-bend fold, almost all magnetic fabrics are the initial deformation fabrics of weak deformation, and denote that the deformation in the forelimb is stronger than that in the backlimb and no finite strain is shown in the footwall. While in the fault-propagation fold， finite strains are concentrated in the trishear zone where magnetic fabric results are approximately consistent with the estimated consequences of the kinematic model. The tectonic stress field indicated by the magnetic fabrics is basically the same along the whole structural section and shows a NW to SE compression and shortening which is accordant with the regional compressive stress field of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt.     

Magnetic fabrics in fault-related fold and its relation with finite strain: an example from Mingjiang thrust structures in Western Sichuan

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a quick, effective and sensitive technique used to measure the weakly deformed sedimentary rocks, and also a reliable method to reveal the deforming mechanisms of fault-related folds. In Longmenshan front belt, a typical cross-section of fault-related folds is chosen to study the AMS. A total of 224 oriented specimens have been drilled at 23 different sampling sites which were distributed at the key structural positions of this structural section developed in the Xujiahe formation of the upper Triassic. Six elementary types of magnetic fabrics are recognized and established through this AMS study: Da sedimentary fabric; 2) an initial deformation fabric; 3) a pencil structure fabric; 4) a weak cleavage fabric; 5) a strong cleavage fabric; 6) a stretching lineation fabric. It has been found that most of magnetic fabrics are characterized by fabrics of weak deformation which belong to the pure-shear results of a pre-folding layer parallel shortening (LPS). In the fault-bend fold, almost all magnetic fabrics are the initial deformation fabrics of weak deformation, and denote that the deformation in the forelimb is stronger than that in the backlimb and no finite strain is shown in the footwall. While in the fault-propagation fold, finite strains are concentrated in the trishear zone where magnetic fabric results are approximately consistent with the estimated consequences of the kinematic model. The tectonic stress field indicated by the magnetic fabrics is basically the same along the whole structural section and shows a NW to SE compression and shortening which is accordant with the regional compressive stress field of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt.     

印尼宾都尼盆地侏罗系油气成藏特征及勘探潜力

宾都尼盆地是印尼东部重要的中生界含油气盆地之一,经历了克拉通内坳陷、裂谷期、被动陆缘和挤压反转期4期构造演化,形成现今弧后前陆盆地的构造格局。盆地的主要烃源岩和储盖组合多发育于中古生界,晚二叠世与早中侏罗世煤系地层是主力烃源岩,排烃高峰期始晚中新世,以生气为主。侏罗系三角洲-滨岸砂体为优质储层,原生粒间孔发育,平均孔隙度15%,平均渗透率18mD,属于中孔-中高渗透储层;盆地中北部前渊斜坡带发育一系列背斜、断背斜圈闭,且发现了大量气田群;天然气多以“下生上储”,即从前渊坳陷气源灶沿着砂体和断层运移至侏罗系砂岩圈闭聚集成藏。综合分析认为,储层质量和有效圈闭是侏罗系油气成藏的主控因素,东部逆冲褶皱带与海湾南部斜坡带是未来勘探的两个有利区带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界深盆气成藏剖析

鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界气藏为一典型的深盆气藏,其成藏要素主要包括平缓的单斜、充足的气源、渐变的储层、低渗透储层与气源岩的紧密接触及良好的封闭条件.成藏事件的研究表明上古生界储盖配套、圈闭形成与油气生成和运聚匹配,具有较好的成藏基础.成藏模式的划分指出了该区今后油气勘探方向,即在气带范围内寻找大型地层圈闭及岩性圈闭是天然气勘探的关键,在水带内的背斜圈闭和背斜-岩性复合圈闭是天然气勘探的有利靶区.