柔性淹没植被的排列方式对水流特性的影响

采用塑料草模拟河道中的柔性淹没植被,通过室内高精度水槽试验,用三维声学多普勒流速仪对同种淹没度、不同排列方式下柔性淹没植被的水流特性进行测量研究,得到柔性淹没植被时均纵向流速、垂向紊动强度、雷诺应力沿相对水深的分布特征.结果表明:在植被层外部,两种排列方式下时均纵向流速符合"J"形分布,垂向紊动强度、雷诺应力呈递增趋势,近似线性分布;在植被层内部,梅花形排列方式下阻水效应及雷诺应力较之矩形排列明显,矩形排列方式下垂向紊动强度较之梅花形排列剧烈.     

弯道局部非淹没刚性植被水流特性研究

摘要对180°弯道局部长有非淹没刚性植被的水流特性进行了研究．用钢筋来模拟天然河道的刚性植被，采用三维多普勒超声流速仪（ADV）分别对无植被和局部有非淹没刚性植被2种情况下的弯道水流流速场进行了测量，得到了水流沿程各断面的三维流速和紊动能分布，对2种情形的试验资料进行了比较．结果表明：植被的存在使得弯道流速重新分布，水流内部结构发生明显改变．基于等效阻力系数法，采用水深平均模型对局部非淹没刚性植被水流进行了二维数值模拟，计算结果与试验数据基本一致，表明该数值格式能预测弯道植被水流的特性．     

明渠紊流中淹没柔性植被流固耦合大涡数值模拟

水生植被广泛存在于天然河道、湖泊及湿地,是河流生态系统的重要成分.它通过改变明渠水流时均及紊动结构来改变河道水流阻力,并在水流作用下发生弯曲和摆动,形成复杂的流固耦合作用.研究柔性植被在水流作用下的运动响应,能够更精确地解析植被的阻水效应.本文采用基于嵌入式迭代浸入边界法的高效能三维紊流计算程序CgLes,开展流固耦合数值模拟,研究柔性植被在水流作用下的弯曲及运动响应,分析植被涡激振动特性及水流阻力规律.模拟结果表明,植被运动以展向摆动为主导,植被刚度对植被运动轨迹和摆动周期有显著影响,进而影响植被的阻水规律.在水动力条件相同的情况下,植被的摆动周期与植被的弹性模量有关,且不受流场影响.随着刚度系数增大,植被运动模式从准周期性摆动变成周期性摆动,最终发展为刚性情况下的静止直立状态;植被刚度较大且间距较小时,植被存在逆流向弯折现象;在刚度较大时,柔性植被随着水流而摆动,抑制流速发展;但是当柔性植被刚度较小时,植被接近倒伏,明渠的平均流速对比刚性植被情况增大;本文算例中植被刚度对平均流速的影响最大约为2.47%.植被间距对植被的下弯幅度影响较小,但对展向摆幅作用显著;平均流速随植被间距增大...     

异侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性试验研究

对异侧竖缝式鱼道的水力特性进行了试验研究.在试验室的水槽中,通过三维超声波流速仪(ADV)测得鱼道池室中的流速数据,对流量为5.61L/s和9.31L/s池室中不同水深时的流速场、紊动能和雷诺剪切应力等水力参数进行了初步分析研究.结果表明:鱼道池室中流速沿垂向的分量很小,几乎为零;同等流量下随着水深的增加,流速有减小的趋势,而紊动能和雷诺剪切应力有增大的趋势;而随着流量的增加,池室中相同部位的流速、紊动能和雷诺剪切应力也会相应的增大.     

柔性淹没植被对生态河道洪水波影响研究

为了研究生态河道中的植被对河道水流产生的阻力问题,分析了糙率与平均流速、水深、植被密度之间的关系,总结出柔性淹没植被情况下的糙率公式,并通过数值计算求解一维圣维南方程,从流量、水位、流速三个方面来分析柔性植被对洪水波传播的影响.研究结果表明:植被的存在虽然会增大河床糙率,但当水位和流速增大时,植被对糙率的影响会降低;从糙率对洪水波影响来看,若糙率越大,则流量、流速越小,水位越高.     

非浸没式刚性植被群分布对弯道水流的影响

为分析不同刚性非浸没式植被群分布对弯道水动力特性的影响,采用180°U形折叠往返式水槽模拟天然弯道河流,运用声学多普勒流速仪(ADV)进行测量,通过测量数据计算弯道水流水位、纵向流速分布、湍流动能(TKE)、环流强度以及弥散系数等.结果表明:植被存在情况下水位增高,在植被的"阻滞"作用下,植被区的流速远小于非植被区的流速,但在植被区域和非植被区域之间产生大的流速梯度;植被和弯道都会加剧水流紊动效应,植被区和非植被区交界处的湍流动能最大,且沿弯道出现湍流动能的重分布现象;由于植被对于弯道环流有阻碍作用,使得弯道环流在非植被区很强,而在植被区很弱;植被对横向弥散系数影响较小,非均匀植被对纵向弥散系数影响较大.     

顺直微弯型分汊河道水流的紊动特性试验研究

对顺直微弯型分汊河道的水流紊动特性进行了试验研究,构建了分汊河道的物理模型试验系统,探究了在不同汊道宽度比和上游来流量条件下,水流在分汊河道沿程不同断面的紊动能分布特征.试验结果表明:在平面上,水流紊动最为剧烈的区域发生在支汊进口段凹岸的回流区与凸岸的高流速区之间的过渡地带,表、中、底3层的高紊动区的强度和范围以中层为...     

梯形河道护岸糙率及水流时均与紊动特性

采用仿真草皮和三棱柱砖块模拟生态护岸,通过在室内非对称式梯形水槽内设置变流量和变底坡工况,对不同护岸型式下的梯形河道的糙率、流速分布和紊动强度进行了研究.结果表明:河道综合糙率随水深的增加而增大,改变流量或底坡对护岸糙率值影响不明显;主槽和斜边坡上,纵向流速的垂向分布均符合对数分布规律,横向分布呈现沿主槽向边滩逐渐减小的趋势,流速的横向梯度受河道底坡和护岸型式的影响较大;在主槽区,紊动强度沿垂向线性递减,而边坡区则先增大后减小;紊动能沿横向先增大后减小,在主槽与边坡交界区达到最大,表明交界区的紊动交换最强.     

明渠减速流下床面摩阻流速研究

针对明渠非均匀流,采用立面二维数值试验的方法,并将雷诺应力垂线分布计算结果延伸至床面,以此计算减速流情况下床面摩阻流速,得到了不同壅水下床面摩阻流速的计算结果.研究表明:在壅水情况下,当流量和底坡相同时,壅水段摩阻流速随水深的增加而逐渐减小;在相同水深和底坡下,摩阻流速随流量的增加而增大;在相同流量和水深下,摩阻流速随底坡的增大而增大.为满足工程中计算的需要,根据数值试验结果拟合得到了明渠水流壅水情况下床面摩阻流速的实用计算式.     

弯道水流紊动强度

采用先进的三维声学多普勒流速仪对水力光滑壁面的弯道水流紊动特性进行了系统的试验研究，较为全面地测量了弯道水流的三维时均流速和脉动强度等．根据试验数据，探讨了弯道水流的紊动机理，分析了弯道水流的紊动特性，得出了弯道水流纵向相对紊动强度的数学表达式；同时还对弯道水流纵向、横向及垂向的紊动强度分布特点进行了比较．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.