饱和层状砂土三轴液化试验

为了研究具有层状结构的饱和砂土液化时孔隙水压力的发展规律，利用GCTS-STX-050气动三轴测试系统对层状饱和砂土进行等幅应变控制下的液化试验研究，分析了试样中不同粉粒夹层厚度、位置及分布层数对液化影响.试验结果表明，试样液化所需的循环加载次数与粉粒夹层的厚度呈非线性关系，存在一临界厚度使得循环加载次数最大;粉粒层能够有效地阻碍细粒层产生的超孔隙水压力的传递，而细粒层对粉粒层产生的超孔隙水压力阻碍效果不明显;相同厚度下，粉粒夹层两层分布较一层分布对超孔隙水压力的阻碍作用更加明显.试验结论可为地震作用下具有层状结构的饱和砂土液化规律的探索提供一定的参考依据.     

隧道可液化场地围岩液化势评判及有限元分析

目的为对隧道围岩抗震性能进行准确有效评价,研究地震作用下可液化地基震动液化对地下隧道震害规律影响.方法基于总应力法对隧道可液化围岩进行液化势的判别和有限元分析,采用NCEER建议的动剪应力液化判别简化方法,分析隧道尺寸、衬砌厚度、隧道埋深及剪切波速对可液化围岩震动液化势的影响.结果改变隧道尺寸和衬砌厚度对土体加速度影响不大,而隧道埋深对土体液化势指数影响较大,增大隧道埋深则围岩不易发生液化.结论可液化场地隧道建设时应考虑增大埋深从而减小土体液化后产生的破坏.     

软弱夹层土对软土场地地震效应的影响

本文以来自天津某工程的一场地为原型,对软夹层的埋深和厚度对软土场地地震效应的影响进行了数值分析.为了分析软弱夹层的埋深和厚度对地表地震动参数的影响,分别对原剖面进行了以下处理：软弱夹层的埋深从2 m增加到62 m,构造了16个剖面;软弱夹层的厚度从2 m增加到10 m,构造了5个剖面.选用Taft、ElCentro和Northridge地震记录作为输入地震动,利用程序SHAKE91对不同的构造剖面、不同的输入地震波及不同的峰值加速度水平,进行了场地地震反应分析,结果表明：对于给定的输入地震动和峰值加速度水平,随着软弱夹层埋深的增加,地表加速度峰值和放大系数λ都有减小的趋势,当埋深超过一定值后,地表加速度放大系数小于1.0;软弱夹层厚度对地表加速度峰值的影响与软弱夹层所处位置有关.     

液化场地埋地钢管地震易损性分析

位于地震活动区液化场地环境中的埋地钢管，除了需要长期面临地震灾害的威胁以外，还易受到土层液化所产生的浮力作用，从而发生严重破坏导致区域的正常使用功能中断．为了开展液化场地环境中埋地钢管的地震易损性研究，采用了Matasovi?非线性本构模型并结合经Byrne修正的Martin孔压增量模型描述土体的非线性特性及液化特性，基于ABAQUS有限元分析平台开发了相应的液化砂土UMAT程序，并通过建立与振动台实验相应的数值模型验证了其在有限元模拟中的分析可靠性；结合实体非线性接触模型和壳体-等效土弹簧模型的特点创建了管土接触-土弹簧数值模型并进行了埋地钢管增量动力时程分析，从而建立了不同液化区长度、不同埋深条件下钢管地震响应的需求模型，结合管道破坏状态的划分和从概率意义上确定的各极限损伤状态限值对3种不同液化区长度及3种不同埋深钢管分别进行了地震易损性分析，建立了液化场地钢管损伤指标与地震动强度指标之间的解析易损性模型，并进一步绘制了对应的易损性曲线．结果表明：在相同地震动强度作用及相同埋深条件下，液化区长度越长，埋地钢管的各极限破坏状态下超越概率越大；在相同地震动强度作用及相同液化区长度条件下...     

饱和砂土地基地震液化深度的试验研究

为探究地下工程场地深层饱和砂土的抗液化强度特征和液化深度,通过动三轴液化试验,选取汉口某轨道交通工程场地埋深超过20 m的饱和砂土为研究对象,分析了深层饱和砂土试样液化特性,获取了试样抗液化强度曲线。分别利用动三轴液化试验和标贯试验击数为指标的液化判别方法,比较分析了深层饱和砂土的地震液化可能性。结果显示本地区饱和砂土地基液化深度在地震烈度Ⅶ度、Ⅷ度时超过20 m。研究成果可为本地区工程实践抗液化处理深度提供参考。     

黏土中倾斜螺旋桩的水平承载性能数值模拟及理论研究

为研究黏土中螺旋桩倾斜单桩的水平承载性能,基于非线性有限元软件ABAQUS建立有限元分析模型.通过数值模拟结果与已有螺旋桩软土地基抗拔试验及砂土地基水平承载试验的对比分析,验证了该数值模型的准确性与可行性.探讨了不同倾斜角度下叶片数量和首层叶片埋深对螺旋桩水平承载性能的影响规律.结果 表明:叶片数量对倾斜螺旋桩的水平承载性能影响不大;倾斜角度增大,首层叶片埋深影响逐渐变小,但总体上首层叶片埋深越深,倾斜螺旋桩的水平承载性能越差,当埋深达到4倍叶片直径的深度后,水平承载性能基本不再变化.基于数值模拟结果提出了不同倾斜角度下螺旋桩水平极限承载力计算中锚片所承担部分的计算公式.随着倾斜角度增加,叶片在螺旋桩中的抗倾覆作用逐渐向抗拔作用转变,所提出的水平极限承载力计算公式较为可靠.     

井点降水法处理可液化地基的振动台试验

减饱和法是近年来提出的一种可液化地基处理方法,其基本原理是通过工程措施减小饱和砂土地基中的饱和度,将饱和砂土地基变成不饱和砂土地基,从而提高地基的抗液化强度,减轻地震时产生的液化震害。该文利用井点降水法,在砂土地基中布置排水管,考虑排水管的竖向布置、水平布置、倾斜布置以及联合布置,对井点降水法的抗液化效果进行了振动台模型试验。实验结果表明:排水管水平布置产生的超孔隙水压最小,抗液化效果最好;竖直布置次之;倾斜布置抗液化效果最不明显。在实际应用过程中,可以定期进行地基土体的排水作业,从而提高可液化地基的抗液化能力。     

岩土工程可视化及砂土液化评价可视化的探讨

阐述了可视化技术和理论的研究现状,探讨了可视化技术在岩土工程应用研究进展,并分析和展望了可视化技术在地震砂土液化评价中的应用前景,初步探讨了地震砂土液化可视化评价系统设计准则和系统结构,这项研究对地震砂土液化的空间分析、地震液化灾害智能评价和预防具有重要实际意义。     

不同影响因素下砂夹垆土壤水分运动的模拟分析

为进一步认识砂夹垆土壤水分运动的基本规律,采用数值模拟的方法,研究夹层土质、夹层埋深、夹层厚度、初始含水率和压力水头对砂夹垆土壤水分运动的影响.结果表明,砂夹垆土壤水分运动与均质土存在较大差异,入渗过程表现为与均质土相同阶段、阻水减渗阶段和稳渗阶段;湿润锋进入夹层后,累积入渗量与入渗时间符合线性关系;土壤初始含水率和压力水头对砂夹垆土壤水分运动影响较小,夹层土质、夹层厚度和夹层埋深对砂夹垆土壤水分运动影响较大.在节水灌溉技术和工程防渗技术中,应重点考虑夹层质地、厚度和埋深.     

城市固体废弃物填埋场水位分布勘察初探

由于目前填埋场的渗滤液水位勘察技术不能测得含有多层日均覆盖层的填埋场的渗滤液分布,提出一种新的勘察方法,并在现场开展实验,测量多层渗滤液水位.结果表明,钻孔钻至预定深度并结合套筒的有效止水,利用取水装置提取套筒中的渗滤液,绘制水位恢复曲线,该方法可测出各垃圾层的水位;经测试ZK12孔处有4层滞水位,第1层稳定水位埋深4.76 m,第2层稳定水位埋深10.35 m,第3层稳定水位埋深27.62 m,第4层出现承压水;各垃圾层的饱和区厚度不同,主要受该层垃圾渗滤液的导排情况决定.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.