苏皖地区新石器时代陶器的稀土元素特征的初步探讨

采用Ｘ射线荧光光谱法和等离子体原子发射光讼法，测定了长江中下游新石器时期的三个遗址古陶器样品中的稀土元素，结果显示不同地区出土样品的稀土元素含量有不同的分布特征．由此，本文提出可用分析稀土元素含量的方法探讨古陶产地及古文化交流的路线．     

二里头遗址陶器产地的初步研究

利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)等方法测定二里头遗址的一批陶器样品，对其主量和微量元素作了聚类和因子分析．结合XRD分析，发现二里头遗址不同发掘区域的陶器各自聚为一类，且同一出土单位的陶片尚能聚为同一亚类．这一结果表明，各个区域的出土陶器应由专用陶窑供应．由此推测，二里头遗址的不同区域聚居着不同家族或氏族，并拥有各自的制陶作坊．     

苏皖地区新石器时代陶器的的稀土元素特征的初步探讨

采用Ｘ射线荧光光谱法和等离子体原子发射光谱法，测定了长江中下游新石器时期的三个遗址古陶器样品中的稀土元素，结果显示不同地区出土样品的稀土元素含量有不同的分布特片，由此，本提出可用分析稀土元素含量的方法探讨古陶产地及古化交流的路线。     

长江三峡早期井盐开发的初步探讨

采用XRD、SEM和液相包裹体的测试分析方法，具体研究了长江三峡库区忠县中坝遗址出土的花边陶釜及其内壁附着物，证明了中坝遗址出土的花边陶釜是早期制盐容器．结合考古学家的分析研究，表明中国早在西周时期就开始制备井盐，比晋代《华阳国志》记载的我国最早开凿盐井的记录(约公元前255年李冰开广都盐井)大约早790年。     

辽西地区早期冶铜技术

全面报告了辽西地区早期冶铜技术截止目前所取得的研究成果．这些成果包括辽宁省凌原县牛河梁的两处遗址出土的夏家店下层文化的炼铜遗物、内蒙古敖汉旗大甸夏家店下层文化墓地出土的铜器、内蒙古林西县大井夏家店上层文化古铜矿冶遗址、内蒙古巴林右旗塔布敖包夏家店上层文化炼铜遗址的采矿、冶炼及铜器制作技术．牛河粱炼铜炉壁残片的检测显示当时使用结构独特的带双排鼓风孔的小型炼炉冶炼附近出产的氧化矿石，热释光年代测定其属于夏家店下层文化早期．对大甸子墓地出土的57件铜器中41件进行了检测，发现所有铜器的材质皆为锡青铜并含有少量的铅，铸造制品与锻造制品的含锡量相差8％，表明当时能够根据不同的制作技术来调配锡含量．锡料和铜料是分开使用的，锡料的来源很可能是赤峰北部的锡多金属成矿带．林西大井古铜矿冶遗址和巴林右旗塔布敖包冶炼遗址使用大井出产的铜锡砷共生矿石经死焙烧后直接冶炼出高锡的铜锡砷三元合金并含有微量的银，这些迹象表明在夏家店上层文化早期在西拉沐伦河北岸地区以大井铜矿为中心展开过规模甚大的冶铸活动．上述成果对进一步探讨辽西地区在中国文明的起源与早期发展进程中的地位和贡献提供了新的冶金技术方面的证据．     

苏宏图白垩系粘土岩元素地球化学和粘土矿物特征及其古气候意义

为了探究苏宏图地区白垩系苏红图组的古气候环境，应用X射线荧光光谱(XRF) 和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS) 方法研究了粘土岩样品的元素地球化学特征，结果表明：P、Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、SiO2/Al2O3等元素特征指示白垩系苏红图组总体呈现极度干燥的沉积环境，不同亚相之间沉积环境稍有干湿变化，且扇三角洲相对湿暖；通过XRD和SEM方法研究了全岩矿物组成和粘土矿物类型和组合特征，结果表明：伊利石为主要的粘土矿物，其次为绿泥石、高岭石，粘土矿物的组合类型为伊利石、绿泥石的组合，且绿泥石和高岭石呈现此消彼长的现象，反映了干燥寒冷的沉积环境，并伴随着干湿的气候变化。     

近10年渤海湾重金属（Cu，Zn，Pb，Cd，Hg）污染时空变化趋势分析

渤海湾的污染问题已成为其进一步开发利用的主要瓶颈之一，然而以往有关渤海湾污染问题的研究以营养盐为主，而海水重金属污染研究较少．本研究通过均值柱状图分析、方差分析、曼．肯德尔检验法（Mann-Kendall）、反距离插值等方法研究了渤海湾近10年来海水中重金属的污染状况及时空变化趋势．结果表明，渤海湾海水以可溶态Zn、Pb、Hg污染为主，Cu、Cd污染较轻．10年来，每种重金属在枯、丰、平3个监测时期含量差异性不显著，但时间序列变化规律性差异性较大．各种重金属含量变化的突变时期各不相同．空间分析结果表明，各种重金属均表现为近岸高离岸低的特性，除Cu元素表现为北高南低的规律以后，其他重金属都表现为南高北低的空间趋势．陆源污染、海洋养殖、海上石油开采、大气降尘等都是渤海湾可溶态重金属的主要污染来源．     

几种焦磷杂多酸盐无机离子交换剂的制备及其对Cs＋的吸附性能

以焦磷酸钾、钼酸钠、氯化铁、氧氯化锆等为原材料，制备了焦磷钼酸锆（ZMPP）、焦磷氧酸锆（ZOPP）、焦磷钼酸铁（FMPP）3种焦磷杂酸盐无机离子交换剂，采用XRF，XRD，FT-IR，SEM对合成样品进行了表征，测定了合成样品对Cs＋的吸附性能，研究了合成样品的耐酸性。结果表明：ZMPP，ZOPP，FMPP为组成不定的无定形态物质，其中ZMPP，ZOPP呈箔状，FMPP呈凝胶状；ZMPP，ZOPP，FMPP三者对Cs＋均具有较好的吸附性，实验条件下，以常温合成的ZMPP-25，FMPP吸附性较好，两者的吸附量可达2．38 mmol／g和2．36 mmol／g；少量Mo元素的存在，对ZMPP-25，ZOPP吸附Cs＋的性能影响较大，前者较后者提高了约50％；3种交换剂的耐酸性从强到弱的顺序为ZMPP-25〉ZOPP〉FMPP。     

南京“大报恩寺”遗址出土琉璃构件的病变产物分析

以南京大报恩寺遗址出土的典型明代琉璃样品为研究对象,通过能谱扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱仪等进行古琉璃釉面腐蚀的显微特征、腐蚀产物成分、物相结构以及琉璃胎釉结合层的显微分析等,结合样品埋藏所处的环境分析,探索典型琉璃样品表面的腐蚀机理.研究表明古代建筑琉璃构件的含铅釉面在埋藏土壤环境中化学稳定性较差,不同颜色釉面发生不同程度的腐蚀,腐蚀产物分别为含铅/钙的磷酸盐络合物、不同晶形的磷酸铅盐或碳酸铅;含Ca、P元素的釉面腐蚀较为严重,从釉层表面腐蚀直至内部胎釉结合处;推断腐蚀产物除了受铅釉釉层的化学组成、表面结构影响外,还与土壤水膜、pH和土壤胶体颗粒中的离子交换等因素有关,该研究为琉璃文物的腐蚀机理研究和保护提供了科学依据.     

添加剂对共生结构Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15薄膜的性能及微结构的影响

采用调制金属有机物热分解法(MOD)，Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15(BIT-SBTi)薄膜及添加La元素的薄膜被沉积在Pt／Si村底上．沉积的薄膜在氧气中退火晶化，退火温度为550-700℃．X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼谱散射被用于分析晶化薄膜的微结构,铁电及介电性能测量采用RT66A测试系统．与未添加镧元素的薄膜比较，在同样的晶化温度下，加添镧的薄膜，其XRD衍射峰少且宽．增加La的含量会导致衍射峰的进一步宽化．然而，XRD和拉曼谱的研究显示，这种添加行为并不会引起明显的晶格畸变．这表明La的加入仅仅是取代恶劣晶体中的Bi或Sr原子，铁电回线测量表明添加与未添加镧元素的薄膜有着相似的矫顽场Ec和剩余极化值sPx．然而，与BIT-SBTi薄膜相比，La75BIT-SBTi薄膜的开关时间更短且与厚度无关，BIT-SBT薄膜的翻转极化值在厚度超过210mm后逐渐减小，而La75BlT-SBTi薄膜的翻转极化值在280nm厚度时达到最大，同样厚度的薄膜，增加外场能会同时增加开关时间和翻转极化值，     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme