基于模糊自适应的汽车ABS路面辨识技术

实时有效辨识路面对防抱死制动系统(ABS)的制动安全性具有重要意义。分析了车辆制动特性,提出了一种用轮速峰值连线求解参考车速的方法。为了有效辨别制动时的路面信息,在设计基于轮减速度和参考滑移率的模糊智能推理算法的基础上,给出了用仿人智能思想来在线修改模糊控制参数的自适应推理算法。车的实时ABS道路测试表明,模糊自适应路面辨识技术具有良好的制动平稳性和自适应性,提高了辨识路面突变的实时性,简单实用,是一种新的有效ABS路面辨识法。     

基于路面识别的ABS模糊控制仿真研究

为提高车辆制动性和行驶安全性,针对当前ABS控制方法,提出了基于路面识别的ABS模糊控制。该方法利用车轮制动力矩对路面附着系数进行观测,当观测到μ-λ曲线趋近峰值点时,立即对当前路面进行路面识别,并基于此对车辆ABS进行模糊控制。建立以七自由度整车模型为研究对象,然后通过MATLAB/simulink软件对该控制方法进行制动实验和路面识别仿真。通过仿真实验表明,基于该方法的ABS控制具有较好的制动效果和较强的鲁棒性,并能够对当前车辆行驶路面类型做出准确的识别。     

基于模糊自适应的汽车ABS路面辨识技术

实时有效辨识路面对防抱死制动系统(ABS)的制动安全性具有重要意义。分析了车辆制动特性，提出了 一种用轮速峰值连线求解参考车速的方法。为了有效辨别制动时的路面信息，在设计基于轮减速度和参考滑移率 的模糊智能推理算法的基础上，给出了用仿人智能思想来在线修改模糊控制参数的自适应推理算法。车的实时 (ABS)道路测试表明，模糊自适应路面辨识技术具有良好的制动平稳性和自适应性，提高了辨识路面突变的实时性， 简单实用，是一种新的有效ABS路面辨识法。     

汽车ABS在对开路面上的弯道制动性能

研究汽车ABS在对开路面上的弯道制动性能,建立汽车ABS弯道制动的四轮车辆动力学模型.在该动力学模型基础上,针对内侧低附着外侧高附着、外侧低附着内侧高附着两种对开路面,分别对汽车ABS弯道制动中使用的几种典型滑移率控制方法的制动性能进行了分析比较,提出了在两种附着条件对开路面上提高汽车ABS弯道制动性能的对策.     

基于ABS制动过程特征参数的路面附着识别

利用轮速信号和防抱死制动系统(ABS)控制器提供的压力调节状态确定ABS减压过程的最大滑移率和轮速回升阶段的最大车轮角加速度,提出了一种基于这两个特征参数的路面附着识别算法。通过实车ABS道路试验,获得不同路面附着条件下这两个特征参数在坐标平面内的分布,并根据特征参数点在该平面内的分布规律确定能够区分高、低附着路面的分界线。为防止误判,根据由参考车速确定的制动减速度对识别得到的路面附着进行修正。采用不同附着路面条件下的ABS制动试验实测数据对算法进行验证,结果表明在仅测量轮速的情况下可有效识别高、低附着路面。     

基于simulink的汽车防抱死制动系统的仿真研究

在simulink环境下对汽车防抱死制动系统进行数学建模,采用基于车轮加、减速度门限值及参考滑移率的控制策略,控制器以车轮的角加、减速度和滑移率的大小为输入,根据输入值的大小控制器输出相应的信号给制动模型,进而对轮速和滑移率进行调节,使其在理想范围内.对汽车ABS模型进行仿真研究,通过得出的仿真曲线,验证了ABS制动系统拥有良好的制动性和操纵性.     

特殊工况下的ABS控制算法

为保证汽车防抱死制动系统（ABS）在特殊工况下的控制效果和可靠性，研究了不平路面制动、低速状态制动、转向制动、过沟坎制动4种典型ABS特殊工况，根据特殊工况的识别、控制量计算补偿和控制流程调整的思路，提出通过轮加速度信号识别路面不平度的不平路面补偿控制算法、上升下降沿同时采样的低速补偿控制算法、转向识别补偿算法和沟坎识别防止ABS误动作补偿算法．经过实车试验验证，该算法实用性好，能保证ABS在几种典型特殊工况下的控制效果．     

分离路面上车辆紧急制动时稳定性分析与控制

传统的制动防抱死系统在分离路面上紧急制动时制动效能不尽理想,四通道ABS能够产生最大的制动力但却容易跑偏,而侧向稳定性较好的三通道ABS将增加制动距离.针对这种情况,提出了采用基于四通道ABS的主动前轮转向控制系统,该方法将在最大限度地提高车辆纵向制动力的同时保持车辆的侧向稳定性.建立了一个基于虚拟样机的全功能多体动力学模型,采用联合仿真的方法对车辆在分离路面上高速紧急制动过程进行了动力学仿真.仿真结果表明,提出的控制策略能够提高车辆在分离路面上紧急制动时的侧向稳定性.     

三轴重载汽车自寻最优制动及硬件在环验证

为了提高三轴重载汽车的制动安全性能,搭建了制动动力学模型,基于TruckSim建立了三轴重载汽车整车模型.在对Burckhardt"轮胎-路面"模型和以往自寻最优制动理论研究的基础上,设计了应用于整车模型的三轴汽车自寻最优ABS控制器.采用硬件在环实验的方法,在高附路面、低附路面和对开路面3种工况下验证了控制器的可行性,加入传统ABS作为比较.实验结果证明,在3种工况下,自寻最优ABS将车辆控制在不同的滑移率下,低附路面下的制动效果最明显,制动时间减少0.96s,制动距离减少2.77m,横摆角速度峰值减少1°/s,说明自寻最优ABS可以自动搜索车辆当前路面下的最优滑移率,提高了三轴重载汽车的制动性能和制动过程中的稳定性.     

基于路面识别的复合制动与ABS集成控制策略

为了使电动汽车在制动时既能充分回收制动能量,又能兼顾制动稳定性,针对四轮轮毂电动机驱动电动汽车,提出了一种基于路面识别的复合制动与ABS集成控制策略.以单轮制动模型为研究对象,利用Lagrange插值法估算当前路面的峰值附着系数和最优滑移率;通过比较目标制动强度与峰值附着系数,将制动工况分为常规制动和防抱死制动;针对常规制动向防抱死制动过渡的工况,通过一种在ABS触发前合理减少再生制动的方法,避免直接撤销再生制动带来的ABS频繁退出和启动.在MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立了仿真模型,仿真结果表明:路面识别算法识别准确度较高;复合制动与ABS集成控制策略能够合理地分配再生制动力与液压制动力,实现车轮的防抱死控制.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme