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1.
室温下采用磁控溅射的方法在Al2O3(0001)基片上制备了不同Co含量掺杂的ZnO稀磁半导体薄膜Zn1-xCoxO(x=3%,6%,8%),并进行了500℃的后期真空退火处理.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了薄膜的结构、光学和磁学性能.结果表明,磁控溅射制备的ZnCoO薄膜中,Co2+离子占据了ZnO中Zn2+离子的位置,但没有改变ZnO的纤锌矿晶体结构,也没有第二杂质相的出现.退火前后薄膜均显示室温铁磁性且磁性大小随Co含量的变化呈相反趋势.磁性大小与晶面间距有一定的关系,分析后认为磁性机制符合束缚磁极子(BMP)模型.  相似文献   

2.
利用XAFS技术研究溶胶-凝胶法制备的Zn1-xCoxO稀磁半导体材料结构随Co含量(x)的变化.结果表明在低含量的Co掺杂ZnO(x=0.02,0.05)时Co2 离子完全进入ZnO晶格中,替代了Zn2 离子,并且造成了Co2 离子周围局域结构的膨胀.当Co的含量x增加到0.10或更高时,只有一部分的Co2 离子进入晶格,剩余的Co2 和Co3 析出晶格形成Co3O4相.  相似文献   

3.
利用XAFS技术研究溶胶-凝胶法制备的Zn1-xCoxO稀磁半导体材料结构随Co含量(x)的变化.结果表明在低含量的Co掺杂ZnO(x=0.02,0.05)时Co2 离子完全进入ZnO晶格中,替代了Zn2 离子,并且造成了Co2 离子周围局域结构的膨胀.当Co的含量x增加到0.10或更高时,只有一部分的Co2 离子进入晶格,剩余的Co2 和Co3 析出晶格形成Co3O4相.  相似文献   

4.
比较了运用固相烧结法制备的BiFe1-xCoxO3和BiFe1-xNixO3的晶体结构、饱和磁化强度和矫顽力随掺杂量的依赖关系. 结果发现,强磁性的立方结构是掺杂样品磁性的主要来源. Ni掺杂样品的居里温度比Co掺杂样品高,这是由于原子间距和离子种类的不同造成了磁性离子间超交换作用的强弱变化所致. Co离子具有较强的单离子各向异性和偏离立方结构的晶格畸变,造成了Ni掺杂样品的矫顽力比Co掺杂样品低. 变温磁滞回线的结果表明,BiCoO3样品的磁晶各向异性随温度降低而增大.  相似文献   

5.
采用固相反应法合成并在不同温度下烧结Ce0.85Y0.15-xCoxO2-δ(x=0、0.01、0.03和0.05)固体电解质材料,着重研究Co掺杂量对试样的体积密度和离子电导率的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析烧结后试样的晶体结构,Archimedes法测定烧结试样密度,电化学阻抗谱测量试样的离子电导率.结果表明:试样Ce0.85Y0.15-xCoxO2-δ(x=0、0.01、0.03和0.05)1 400℃烧结后均呈单一的立方萤石结构相,掺杂Co可以有效提高试样的体积密度,促进试样烧结.此外,一定量的Co还可以增加试样的离子电导率,相同烧结条件下试样Ce0.85Y0.14Co0.01O2-δ呈现出最高的离子电导率,1 450℃烧结,其离子电导率在800℃时达到0.083 1 s/cm.  相似文献   

6.
用溶胶凝胶法合成Zn1-xNixO(x=0.03,0.05,0.10)系列化合物,利用X-射线衍射、磁强计对该系列化合物进行了结构和磁性表征.结果表明一定量的Ni离子进入ZnO的晶格中,形成稳定的纤锌矿型固溶体,空间群为P63mc,晶胞参数随Ni掺入量稍有变化.该系列化合物表现为铁磁性,其居里-外斯温度随其成分稍有变化,并且表现出磁性离子的轨道磁矩并未完全淬灭.  相似文献   

7.
采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法在玻璃衬底上制备了Zn1-xCoxO(x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.08,0.12)薄膜.利用显微镜和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了ZnO:Co薄膜的表面形貌和微结构.结果表明,所有ZnO薄膜样品都存在(002)择优取向,尤其是当掺杂浓度为12%时,薄膜c轴择优取向最为显著.振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量表明Zn1-xCoxO薄膜具有室温铁磁性.室温光致发光测量发现,所有样品的PL谱中都出现了较强的蓝光双峰发射和较弱的绿光发射,分析认为这主要是由于Co元素的掺入改变了薄膜的禁带宽度、锌填隙缺陷和氧位错缺陷浓度,其中长波长的蓝光峰和绿光峰都能够通过掺杂进行控制.基于上面的测量结果,探讨了不同波段光发射的机理与掺杂状态之间的关系.  相似文献   

8.
采用尿素辅助溶胶凝胶法合成了尖晶石型掺钴锰酸锂(L iMn2-xCoxO4,0≤x≤0.3)纳米颗粒.以L iMn2-xCoxO4电极为正极,活性炭(AC)电极为负极,在1 mol.L-1L i2SO4水系电解液中组装成模拟非对称超级电容器AC/L iMn2-xCoxO4,通过循环伏安和恒流充放电法研究其赝电容性能.电化学测试结果表明,随着钴掺杂量的增加,AC/L iMn2-xCoxO4电容器的比电容呈下降趋势,但循环性能得到改善;其中AC/L iMn1.9Co0.1O4电容器展现出较大的比电容和较好的循环性能.在L i2SO4水系电解液中,当工作电压为(0-1.4)V、电流密度为100 mA.g-1时,AC/L iMn1.9Co0.1O4电容器的初始比电容为42.6 F.g-1;经1 000次循环后比电容为40.8 F.g-1,比电容保持率为95.8%.  相似文献   

9.
采用溶胶—凝胶旋涂法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上制备了Co1-xMgxFe2O4(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15)薄膜材料.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计对样品的结构、形貌、膜厚和磁性进行了研究.讨论了Mg含量对复合薄膜的结构、晶粒尺寸和磁性的影响.结果表明,薄膜为立方尖晶石结构,CMFO薄膜表面光滑平整,晶粒排列紧密.薄膜表现出良好的铁磁性,适量的掺杂Mg2+离子可明显改善钴铁氧体的磁性,随着Mg含量的增加,饱和磁化强度先增加后减小,矫顽力呈现逐渐减小趋势.  相似文献   

10.
采用标准固相反应法制备了Sr14(Cu1-xZnx)24O41(x=0, 0. 01, 0. 02, 0. 03)系列多晶样品. X射线衍射谱表明所有样品均呈单相,且样品晶格常数大小随Zn掺杂量x的变化存在微弱波动. X射线光电子能谱表明Sr14Cu24O41中Cu离子以+2价形式存在,Zn掺杂对体系中Cu离子化合价不造成影响. 磁化率测量结果表明在10~300 K温度范围内Zn掺杂使体系磁化率降低,拟合结果表明随着Zn掺杂量x的增大,居里-外斯项对体系磁化率贡献逐渐减弱,二聚体耦合能JD 逐渐降低,每个分子中CuO2 自旋链内二聚体个数ND 与自由Cu2+离子自旋数NF 均逐渐减少,进一步分析显示替换二聚体内Cu2+离子的Zn2+离子数少于替换自由Cu2+离子的Zn2+离子数. 电阻率测量结果表明Sr14Cu24O41体系具有半导体特性,并且Zn掺杂会使体系电阻率降低,降低程度随掺杂量x增大而增大,但并未使体系发生金属- 绝缘体转变. 认为电阻率降低可能是由于Zn2+离子掺杂使体系内CuO2 自旋链中二聚体发生退耦,破坏了电荷有序超结构,从而使更多的空穴释放出来并转移到导电性好的Cu2O3自旋梯子中所致.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

16.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

17.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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