钒钛磁铁矿微波助磨实验

针对我国复杂难处理钒钛磁铁矿资源特点,研究了微波加热对钒钛磁铁矿磨矿性能的影响,揭示了钒钛磁铁矿在微波作用下选择性破碎与界面破碎特性.结果表明:微波场中,矿石的温度随着矿石粒度的增大而增加,且微波功率对矿石升温性能的影响最显著;X射线衍射分析与SEM分析表明,微波预处理后矿石内部会产生大量的晶界裂纹,使更多的单体矿物解离出来;在微波功率为4 k W、加热时间100 s后的磨矿产物中,小于0.074 mm粒级的质量分数由原矿的72%提高到95%.     

高压辊磨超细粉碎对钒钛磁铁矿分选的影响

采用常规颚式破碎和高压辊磨2种不同粉碎方式,进行钒钛磁铁矿的分选试验,探究2种破碎方式对钒钛磁铁矿分选的影响,并结合粒度分析、单体解离度测试及比磁化系数分析,进一步研究高压辊磨机在钒钛磁铁矿选别中的作用机理。研究结果表明:高压辊磨机粉碎产品的粒度较小,可直接通过弱磁选将钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿分离开,进行"铁钛平行分选";与颚式破碎机破碎产品相比,辊压产品经过一段磨矿过程就能通过相同的分选条件获得质量合格的钛磁铁矿精矿,并使钛铁矿精矿TiO2的作业回收率提高2.66%;2种破碎产品在球磨过程中的单体解离度存在差异,辊压产品中的含铁矿物能够优先实现单体解离,有利于钛磁铁矿的分选;"铁钛平行分选"能够简化磨矿过程,减少微细粒钛铁矿的生成量,提高钛铁矿强磁选的回收率,有利于钛铁矿的窄级别浮选。     

高压辊磨对磁铁矿石磁选特性的影响

对弓长岭磁铁矿石的高压辊磨和颚式破碎产品分别进行阶段磨矿—阶段磁选—细筛再磨试验,分析了两种破碎方式对弓长岭磁铁矿石磨矿特性和磁选特性的影响。结果表明:高压辊磨工艺适宜的一段磨矿细度为-74μm含量占40%,颚式破碎工艺适宜的一段磨矿细度为-74μm含量占50%,两种破碎工艺适宜的二段磨矿细度均为-74μm含量占85%,最佳的细筛筛孔尺寸为50μm,三段磨矿细度为-45μm含量占80%。高压辊磨机碎磨分选工艺与颚式破碎机碎磨分选工艺相比,精矿品位相近,产率高0.52%,回收率高0.92%。     

铁钛平行分选对微细粒钛铁矿强磁选的影响

采用"铁钛平行分选"工艺对高压辊磨超细碎的-3.2 mm钒钛磁铁矿进行选别实验,研究了强磁选对钛铁矿的分选效果.当磨矿细度为-74μm粒级占80%时,辊压产品选钛给矿的单体解离度较颚破产品高0.58%,辊压产品-19μm+11μm粒级中铁氧化物的单体含量较颚破产品低1.38%.与颚破产品采用"阶段磨矿-阶段分选"工艺相比,"铁钛平行分选"得到的强磁精矿中Ti O2的回收率提高5.11%,-19μm粒级的含量降低2.62%.不同粒级钛铁矿在分选空间中的受力分析表明,当粒度降低时,钛铁矿所受的比阻力急剧增加,而比磁力却有所降低,这增加了钛铁矿颗粒被磁场捕获的难度."铁钛平行分选"能够降低选别过程中微细粒钛铁矿的新生成量,改善钛铁矿的强磁选别效果.     

不同碎磨方式下紫金山金铜矿石的磨矿动力学行为

对紫金山金铜矿石进行高压辊磨和颚式破碎,然后对2种产品进行分批磨矿试验,基于磨矿动力学原理,借助MATLAB软件分析2种产品磨矿过程中各个粒级的磨矿速度,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对产品表面的微裂纹进行表征,并对磨矿产品的分布特性进行分析。研究结果表明:在磨矿初期,微裂纹是影响磨矿速度的主要原因,微裂纹越多,磨矿速度越快,高压辊磨产品的磨矿速度大于颚式破碎产品的磨矿速度;在粗级别(0.20~3.20 mm)中,高压辊磨产品磨矿速度高于颚式破碎产品的磨矿速度,而且粒度越大,微裂纹数量相差越大,磨矿速度相差越大;随着磨矿时间增加,磨机中粗粒级的质量分数越来越小,微裂纹也越来越少,磨矿概率成为影响磨矿速度的主要原因,高压辊磨产品的磨矿速度等于颚式破碎产品的磨矿速度;高压辊磨碎磨工艺可以使磨矿产品粒度分布更加均匀,优化粒度组成。     

东鞍山浮选尾矿预富集精矿悬浮磁化焙烧试验研究

为实现东鞍山铁矿石浮选尾矿的资源化利用,对浮选尾矿预富集精矿开展了悬浮磁化焙烧试验研究.结果表明,浮选尾矿预富集精矿主要矿物组成为赤褐铁矿、磁铁矿、菱铁矿和石英,TFe品位为31.13%.浮选尾矿预富集精矿适宜的悬浮磁化焙烧工艺参数为:气体流量600mL/min,氢气体积分数20%,焙烧温度520℃,焙烧时间20min.焙烧产品经弱磁选可得铁精矿的TFe品位为64.23%,回收率为79.53%.焙烧产品的铁物相,XRD,VSM分析表明,经过悬浮磁化焙烧后,原矿中赤褐铁矿和碳酸铁转变为磁铁矿,矿石的饱和磁化强度和磁化率增强.     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿还原焙烧及微生物脱磷试验

以湖北鄂西某高磷鲕状赤铁矿为研究对象,采用还原焙烧-弱磁选方法进行试验,并用黑曲霉对磁选后精矿进行微生物浸出脱磷研究.试验结果表明,正交实验得出各因素对精矿品位的影响顺序从大到小依次为焙烧温度、焙烧时间、还原剂比例、磨矿粒度.最佳焙烧-弱磁选条件为焙烧温度900℃、焙烧时间25 min、还原剂配比6％、磨矿粒度-0.074 mm95.08％,在此条件下获得精矿品位57.25％、回收率90.20％的较好的选别指标.黑曲霉对精矿中的磷元素具有较强的脱除能力,微生物浸出作用8d后,在较低的矿浆浓度下矿石的脱磷率为79.68％,矿石中的含磷量由0.85％降低到0.17％.该研究为微生物用于铁矿石的脱磷提供了理论依据.     

大西沟难选菱铁矿石综合利用新工艺

采用强磁预选—磁化焙烧—磁选联合工艺对大西沟难选菱铁矿石进行试验研究.结果表明:在磨矿细度-74μm占55%、强磁粗选磁场强度318kA/m、强磁扫选磁场强度717kA/m的条件下，可得到TFe品位为28.47%、回收率为96.78%的强磁精矿；强磁精矿在中性气氛中于焙烧温度700℃、焙烧时间40min、磨矿细度-43μm占95%、弱磁选磁场强度104kA/m的综合条件下，获得TFe品位为59.29%、回收率87.50%的精矿产品.XRD、光学显微镜和VSM等分析结果表明:难选菱铁矿和褐铁矿经焙烧后转变为易选磁铁矿，新生成的磁铁矿表面疏松多孔，多呈胶状，与脉石矿物紧密共生，其磁化强度和比磁化系数均显著提高.     

破碎方式对紫金山铜金矿石可磨性及浮选的影响

针对紫金山铜金矿石,研究不同破碎方式下产品的粒度特性、磨矿动力学特性和浮选特性.结果表明,与常规破碎方式相比,经高压辊磨机粉碎后的物料平均粒径更小,细粒级含量多,高压辊磨机粉碎后的物料更易磨;在现场开路流程和药剂制度下,高压辊磨产品经球磨浮选后粗精矿铜回收率可达到84.68%和86.38%,比常规破碎磨矿浮选工艺粗精矿铜回收率分别提高4.25%和5.95%.与辊面压力为3.5 MPa相比,辊面压力为5.5 MPa时,粉碎后物料平均粒径小,更易磨,粗选精矿的铜回收率可提高1.7%.     

锡石多金属硫化矿破碎速率试验研究

以锡石多金属硫化矿为研究对象,研究了介质充填率、磨矿浓度、磨矿时间等因素对矿石破碎速率的影响规律。采用单因素与正交试验分析方法,利用-2 mm~+1 mm粒级破碎率、T10和-75μm产率等参数对破碎速率进行表征和分析,找出了这3个因素对破碎速率的影响大小依次是磨矿时间、介质充填率与磨矿浓度,获得该粒级条件下最优磨矿条件为充填率30%、磨矿浓度45%、磨矿时间5 min。     

深度还原-弱磁选回收稀土尾矿中铁的试验研究

对某全铁品位为1625%的稀土尾矿进行了深度还原-弱磁选回收铁试验研究,研究了还原剂种类及用量、焙烧温度及时间、磨矿细度及磁场强度对铁精矿品位和回收率的影响,并采用SEM,XRD等手段对稀土尾矿、焙烧产物、铁精矿进行了测试.结果表明,在烟煤质量分数30%,焙烧温度1300℃,焙烧时间60min,磨矿细度-0074mm占75%,磁场强度118kA/m的条件下,所得铁精矿TFe品位可达8076%,铁回收率可达9324%;稀土尾矿经深度还原后,其中的赤、褐铁矿、硅酸铁等含铁矿物转化为单质铁,铁精矿品位和回收率较常规选矿方法大幅度提高,同时脉石矿物组成简单,有利于萤石的富集回收.     

海南某金矿尼尔森重选-浮选试验

以海南某石英脉型金矿石为原料,进行尼尔森重选-浮选试验研究.通过GRG试验得出金矿中重选可回收金质量分数为80.88%.通过条件试验确定了该矿石尼尔森重选-浮选的最佳条件为:磨矿细度-74μm占80%,相对离心力60g,反冲水压16kPa,矿浆质量分数40%,戊基黄药用量200g/t,浮选时间5 min.原矿石品位9.8g/t,利用尼尔森选矿机一次分选可得品位230g/t,金回收率80.30%的重选精矿.重选尾矿品位2.0g/t,经过一次粗选一次精选三次扫选处理,可得浮选精矿品位57.3g/t,浮选金作业回收率75.66%.经尼尔森重选-浮选流程处理后,尾矿金品位降至0.5g/t,全流程金总回收率95.21%.     

钒钛磁铁矿固态还原的研究

研究了钒钛磁铁矿的固态还原过程及影响因素,讨论了磨矿粒度、还原温度和配碳量对固态还原金属化率及还原后炉料中钛走向的影响.采用煤基直接还原工艺流程,能够将钒钛磁铁矿中铁的氧化物还原为金属铁,然后通过磁选,可实现钛、铁的有效分离.实验结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:还原温度1 100℃,配碳量为1∶1,磨矿粒度控制在75~150μm之间.在此工艺条件下得到铁的金属化率和渣中钛的质量分数分别在80%和36%以上.该工艺为我国大批量钒钛磁铁矿的开发利用提供了新途径.     

高压辊磨超细碎对攀西钒钛磁铁矿分选的影响

对攀西钒钛磁铁矿进行了高压辊磨超细碎及其选别试验.当入料d80为155mm时,辊压中料-32mm产率为9105%,-0074mm产率为1529%,P80降低至155mm,边料及闭路循环工艺对粉碎产品粒度特性的影响也非常明显.采用“铁钛平行分选”工艺对高压辊磨超细碎的-32mm攀西钒钛磁铁矿进行了选别试验.结果表明,选铁流程在磨矿细度为-0074mm占45%时,铁精矿Fe品位可达5505%,回收率7064%;选钛流程在-0074mm占80%时,钛精矿TiO2品位4778%,回收率3516%.     

Recovery of iron from copper tailings via low-temperature direct reduction and magnetic separation: process optimization and mineralogical study

Currently, the majority of copper tailings are not effectively developed. Worldwide, large amounts of copper tailings generated from copper production are continuously dumped, posing a potential environmental threat. Herein, the recovery of iron from copper tailings via low-temperature direct reduction and magnetic separation was conducted; process optimization was carried out, and the corresponding mineralogy was investigated. The reduction time, reduction temperature, reducing agent (coal), calcium chloride additive, grinding time, and magnetic field intensity were examined for process optimization. Mineralogical analyses of the sample, reduced pellets, and magnetic concentrate under various conditions were performed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry to elucidate the iron reduction and growth mechanisms. The results indicated that the optimum parameters of iron recovery include a reduction temperature of 1150℃, a reduction time of 120 min, a coal dosage of 25%, a calcium chloride dosage of 2.5%, a magnetic field intensity of 100 mT, and a grinding time of 1 min. Under these conditions, the iron grade in the magnetic concentrate was greater than 90%, with an iron recovery ratio greater than 95%.     

新型磁选设备的小型试验研究

叙述了新型实验室设备──磁选柱的结构、分选原理,以及选别各种磁铁矿粗精矿的实验室研究。试验结果表明,磁选柱是磁铁矿的,一种高效精选设备。磁选柱的分选特点是把磁铁矿连生体颗粒有效地从磁铁矿粗精矿中分选出来,从而获得高品位的铁精矿。     

Effect of purification pretreatment on the recovery of magnetite from waste ferrous sulfate

The present study was conducted to elucidate the influence of impurities in waste ferrous sulfate on its recovery of magnetite. Ferrous sulfate solution was purified by the addition of NaOH solution to precipitate impurities, and magnetite was recovered from ferrous sulfate solution without and with purification pretreatment. Calcium hydroxide was added to the solution of ferrous sulfate as a precipitator. A mixed product of magnetite and gypsum was subsequently obtained by air oxidation and heating. Wet-milling was performed prior to magnetic separation to recover magnetite from the mixed products. The results show that with the purification pretreatment, the grade of iron in magnetite concentrate increased from 62.05% to 65.58% and the recovery rate of iron decreased from 85.35% to 80.35%. The purification pretreatment reduced the conglutination between magnetite and gypsum, which favors their subsequent magnetic separation. In summary, a higher-grade magnetite with a better crystallinity and a larger particle size of 2.35 μm was obtained with the purification pretreatment.     

海砂矿球磨微观解离与细粒级磁选受力分析

为拓宽铁矿石来源,提高海砂品位以应用于长流程炼铁系统,对一种印尼海砂矿进行了球磨磁选实验,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及激光粒度分析(LPSA)等方法,研究了其在不同球磨阶段的微观解离特点、粒度与磁感应强度对精矿品位与回收率的影响以及细粒级下磁选过程中的受力机理.结果表明:球磨至一定阶段后,矿石粒度已较小,连生体基本以包裹体形式存在,很难继续解离,故此时继续降低矿石粒度对精矿品位的提升意义不大;另外,当矿石较细时,水阻力将成为磁选过程中的主要作用力,细粒级矿粒将不能到达磁鼓表面,故此时精矿回收率较低.     

Influence of microwave treatment on grinding and dissociation characteristics of vanadium titano-magnetite

The effect of microwave treatment on the grinding and dissociation characteristics of vanadium titano-magnetite(VTM) ore were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), nitrogen absorption measurements, particle size distribution measurements, X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis, and magnetic separation. SEM analysis showed that microfractures appeared in the microwave-treated VTM, which is attributed to the microwaves' selective heating characteristic and the differential expansion between minerals and gangues. Nitrogen absorption showed that the microfractures were more pronounced when the microwave heating time was increased. Particle size distribution analysis showed that microwave treatment could improve the grindability of the VTM, thus increasing the weight percent of the fine-ground product. The increase in grindability was more significant with prolonged heating time. Moreover, the particle size distribution of the fine-ground product changed only slightly after the microwave treatment. XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of the microwave-treated VTM increased with increasing microwave heating time. The magnetic separation tests revealed that the separation efficiency increased as a result of the intergranular fractures generated by microwave treatment. The Fe grade of the magnetic fraction of microwave-treated VTM was 1.72% higher than that of the raw ore. We concluded that the microwave treatment was beneficial, especially for the mineral processing characteristics.