Applying Gaussian quantum discord to quantum key distribution

In this paper, we theoretically prove that the Gaussian quantum discord state of optical field can be used to complete continuous variable （CV） quantum key distri- bution （QKD）. The calculation shows that secret key can be distilled with a Gaussian quantum discord state against entangling cloner attack. Secret key rate is increased with the increasing of quantum discord for CV QKD with the Gaussian quantum discord state. Although the calculated results point out that secret key rate using the Gaussian quantum discord state is lower than that using squeezed state and coherent state at the same energy level, we demonstrate that the Gaussian quantum discord, which only involving quantum correlation without the existence of entanglement, may provide a new resource for realizing CV QKD.     

量子关联研究综述

由EPR佯谬,薛定谔“猫态”等超越直观的纯量子现象产生的量子纠缠理论从其概念提出以来一直被人们认为既是量子理论最为重要的概念之一,也是在量子通讯中实现“稠密编码”和“隐形传态”的关键。然而,最近研究结果显示,量子纠缠并不能够完全解释量子关联所有特性。人们发现,除了纠缠以外,还存在对量子信息和量子计算具有极其重要意义的其它非经典关联,如量子失协是一个纯量子比特确定性量子计算机具有计算效率的原因。这说明,量子失协完全可以成为量子计算新的一种资源。文章介绍了非经典关联（包括量子纠缠）的基本概念及其度量方法,对量子失协在各类模型中表现出的量子关联特性进行分析和与量子纠缠,经典关联比较,从而体现出在各类量子体系中对量子失协进行研究的意义,同时引导理论和实验研究者去研究量子失协的潜在研究价值。     

Stabilized quantum coherence and remote state preparation in structured environments

The radiation decay of a two-level atom could be inhibited within structured environments even under longtime evolution. We investigate the stabilized quantum coherence of composite systems undergoing local dissipation and exploit it further as a resource for remote state preparation. We focus on outputs of quantum states with solely quantum discord (i.e., without entanglement) and demonstrate that they could be resulted from various initial states providing specific spectral structure of the reservoir. In detail, we elaborate the behavior of stabilized quantum discord and the corresponding fidelity for remote state preparation in connection with structural spectra of Ohmic class reservoir and of photonic band gap mediums.     

XYZ自旋链中关联的品质

以非均匀磁场中受Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用的两量子比特海森堡XYZ自旋链模型为例,用共生纠缠、量子失协和失协的几何度量三种度量方式,计算了量子关联随时间的演化.利用选择性平均关联和纹波系数,评价不同时间间隔内或相同时间间隔内系统取不同参数的量子关联的品质高低.发现纠缠猝死后纠缠为零的时间段,量子失协和失协的几何度量的值也都很小,因而品质都很低.系统取定参数后,可以找到量子关联品质高的时间段;而优化参数,可以找到相同时长的品质更高的量子关联,有利于量子信息处理.     

基于关联方向测量的量子关联

通过讨论量子失协的上界,给出可达熵量子关联态的一个必要条件．对于双量子比特系统,利用可获得经典关联的最佳测量定义了关联方向上最小的量子失协,分析得到该度量是量子失协很好的逼近结果．最后,讨论量子关联的动力学过程,发现量子关联在衰减的过程中出现了突然的改变,利用关联方向上最小的量子失协给出了该现象的合理解释．     

外加经典驱动场保护非马尔科夫信道量子失协的对策

讨论了外加经典驱动场对非马尔科夫信道量子失协动力学演化的影响。研究结果表明:尽管调控经典场的幅度、频率均能够对非马尔科夫信道量子失协起保护作用,但保护的效果有较大差别;能对系统量子失协保持起关键作用的是量子比特的有效频率与热库中心频率间的总失谐,调控经典驱动场的幅度是增大总失谐的最有效的途径。提升经典驱动场的幅度是实现量子失协保持最有效的方法。     

Amplifying stationary quantum discord and entanglement between a superconducting qubit and a data bus by time-dependent electromagnetic field

We study the dynamics of quantum discord and entanglement between a superconducting qubit and a data bus,which is driven by a controllable time-dependent electromagnetic field,in the presence of phase decoherence and find that the quantum discord and entanglement remain at a stationary non-zero value for long time evolution.It is shown that the amount of stationary quantum discord and entanglement can be enhanced by applying the time-dependent electromagnetic field.     

Demonstration of an all-optical quantum controlled-NOT gate

The promise of tremendous computational power, coupled with the development of robust error-correcting schemes, has fuelled extensive efforts to build a quantum computer. The requirements for realizing such a device are confounding: scalable quantum bits (two-level quantum systems, or qubits) that can be well isolated from the environment, but also initialized, measured and made to undergo controllable interactions to implement a universal set of quantum logic gates. The usual set consists of single qubit rotations and a controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate, which flips the state of a target qubit conditional on the control qubit being in the state 1. Here we report an unambiguous experimental demonstration and comprehensive characterization of quantum CNOT operation in an optical system. We produce all four entangled Bell states as a function of only the input qubits' logical values, for a single operating condition of the gate. The gate is probabilistic (the qubits are destroyed upon failure), but with the addition of linear optical quantum non-demolition measurements, it is equivalent to the CNOT gate required for scalable all-optical quantum computation.     

中心对称量子态的量子失协

讨论了一类中心对称密度矩阵的量子失协,即满足在局域Hadamard门之下变换为X态的中心对称密度矩阵:HHρcHH=ρx,这里为Hadamard门变换。进一步得到了任意两量子比特中心对称态的量子失协的解析公式。并讨论了中心对称态的量子失协在几种重要物理系统中的计算和应用。     

在有限温度下两个比特Heisenberg XX链中的各种量子关联

文章主要研究在有限温度下两个比特海森堡XX自旋链中Z方向的Dzyaloshinskii-Morriya(D-M)相互作用(Dz)和耦合常数(J)对各种量子关联的影响。研究发现在有限温度下不加Dz时经典关联(CC)和量子失协(QD)都随温度的提高而下降,下降速度也比较快。加了Dz时也是随温度的提高而下降,但是下降速度较慢。从计算分析看,在有限温度下Dz和J对QD和CC有积极作用。调整适当的Dz和J参数,可以有效地控制和提高各种量子关联。     

一维XXZ环形自旋链中的量子关联

研究了系统尺度L=8的一维XXZ环形自旋链中的两体和多体量子纠缠以及两体量子失协，在这个过程中，充分考虑了温度和粒子间隔对纠缠和量子失谐的影响．结果发现，同种情况下，三体和四体纠缠比两体的更加“强壮”，且在低温条件下，利用多体纠缠可以探测到系统发生量子相变的临界点．与纠缠相比，量子失谐可以在较高温度下存在，且在相变点处总是表现出尖峰行为，这使得量子失谐在探测相变点方面更具优越性．     

利用动力学去耦合脉冲增大和调节量子相干性和三体纠缠

本文研究了动力学去耦合脉冲对腔量子电动力学系统中量子相干性, 量子失谐和量子纠缠的影响, 发现动力学去耦合脉冲不仅能够增大系统中两原子之间的量子相干性, 同时也能增大它们之间非经典关联（量子失谐和量子纠缠）. 同时, 凭借迹距离的方法, 探讨了动力学去耦合脉冲增大两原子之间量子相干性的原因, 通过探究可以看出动力学去耦合脉冲能够控制和加速量子信息从其他子系统回流到两个原子中去, 并减少两原子子系统和其他子系统之间的量子信息流动, 从而增加两原子间的量子相干性和非经典关联. 最后, 利用保真度的方法研究了系统中三体纠缠出现的情况, 结果显示在不同的时间, 系统中会出现三体纠缠, 特别值得指出的是, 可以通过动力学去耦合脉冲来调节和增加系统中三体纠缠出现的时间.     

量子三元Werner衍生态的几何失协

量子三元Werner衍生态是由量子三元Werner态经幺正算符作用而生成的态.采用文献(DAKIC B,VEDRAL V,BRUKNER C.Necessary and sufficient condition for nonzero quantum discord[J].Phys Rev Lett,2010,105:190502)定义的几何失协方法,研究量子三元Werner衍生态的量子关联(QC).研究发现:量子三元Werner衍生态GD的解析式显示了衍生态GD的对称性,量子三元Werner态的任何衍生态的GD值都不超过量子三元Werner态的GD值.     

江苏省风电发展的策略研究

风电是几乎无污染的绿色能源,世界风电正进入快速发展时期.江苏省虽然常规能源资源缺乏但风能资源比较丰富,然而,江苏的风电发展却落后于国际国内发展潮流,未能为江苏经济、资源和环境的协调发展发挥应有作用.文章分析了江苏省风电发展的必要性及可行性,根据江苏风电发展现状,提出大力发展风电的策略：（1）构建沿海风能产业带;（2）引进风力发电配额制度;（3）加强投资环境建设.     

'Designer atoms' for quantum metrology

Entanglement is recognized as a key resource for quantum computation and quantum cryptography. For quantum metrology, the use of entangled states has been discussed and demonstrated as a means of improving the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, entangled states have been used in experiments for efficient quantum state detection and for the measurement of scattering lengths. In quantum information processing, manipulation of individual quantum bits allows for the tailored design of specific states that are insensitive to the detrimental influences of an environment. Such 'decoherence-free subspaces' (ref. 10) protect quantum information and yield significantly enhanced coherence times. Here we use a decoherence-free subspace with specifically designed entangled states to demonstrate precision spectroscopy of a pair of trapped Ca+ ions; we obtain the electric quadrupole moment, which is of use for frequency standard applications. We find that entangled states are not only useful for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in frequency measurements--a suitably designed pair of atoms also allows clock measurements in the presence of strong technical noise. Our technique makes explicit use of non-locality as an entanglement property and provides an approach for 'designed' quantum metrology.     

测量诱发的关联分布

量子测量诱发量子系统的扰动使得它与辅助系统以及测量装置之间的关联发生了变化．本文使用熵交换与量子失协,在间接测量模型中,讨论测量诱发的关联分布,并得到全关联和量子关联的平衡关系．最后讨论局部操作导致量子失协的变化与测量诱发的关联分布之间的关系．     

电力线通信系统中基于动态规划的自适应资源分配

分析了电力线通信OFDM系统在多种约束下,多用户多业务在多子载波上自适应的比特和功率分配模型,提出了一种新的基于动态规划的速率和功率自适应相结合的动态资源分配算法,其先给实时用户分配资源以满足固定速率下总功率最小,再利用剩余功率和未用子载波给非实时用户分配资源以满足最小速率下总速率最大.在典型电力线信道环境下的仿真结果表明,该算法的性能优于已有的多用户资源分配优化算法,且其能更好的满足电力线通信系统中多用户资源分配的多目标要求.     

工程和谐与工程创新的互动关系研究

工程作为人类生存和发展过程中重要而复杂的实践活动,其管理实效的提升是确保社会发展的关键环节。当前工程活动中出现了一系列创新不足及不和谐的现象,如集成化创新度较低、事故频发等。提升工程管理实效,其核心在于工程管理者在完善工程和谐与创新的基础上,实现和谐与创新的互动发展。界定工程和谐及工程创新之后,提出和谐是创新的出发点和归属;反过来,创新是维持和谐的原动力,又是实现更高层次和谐的内驱力。和谐与创新的互动关系研究,有利于人类改变传统的工程创新观,追求工程组织内部、工程和生态环境的和谐,以符合可持续发展的需要。     

电力生产企业经济性运行的开放式系统构架技术

在电厂虚拟机组建模、分布式组件以及实时数据处理技术的基础上,提出了一种电力生产企业经济性运行开放式系统构架,实现了经济性运行分析、成本核算、实时数据处理、燃料设备管理、信息发布以及人机交互平台等核心模块.最后,以某电厂的发电煤耗分析为例,对实现软件的关键模块进行了验证,为电厂企业资源规划及经济性运行提供完备的技术支持.     

An open-system quantum simulator with trapped ions

The control of quantum systems is of fundamental scientific interest and promises powerful applications and technologies. Impressive progress has been achieved in isolating quantum systems from the environment and coherently controlling their dynamics, as demonstrated by the creation and manipulation of entanglement in various physical systems. However, for open quantum systems, engineering the dynamics of many particles by a controlled coupling to an environment remains largely unexplored. Here we realize an experimental toolbox for simulating an open quantum system with up to five quantum bits (qubits). Using a quantum computing architecture with trapped ions, we combine multi-qubit gates with optical pumping to implement coherent operations and dissipative processes. We illustrate our ability to engineer the open-system dynamics through the dissipative preparation of entangled states, the simulation of coherent many-body spin interactions, and the quantum non-demolition measurement of multi-qubit observables. By adding controlled dissipation to coherent operations, this work offers novel prospects for open-system quantum simulation and computation.