Test of magnetic susceptibility and grain-size age models of loess

Ages of the stratigraphic boundary MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 of the Yuanbu loess section in Linxia are used as the basis of the nodal control age. The age of MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 are obtained from the latest international research result—the climatic events recorded in the stalagmite in the Hulu Cave in Nanjing, that MIS1/2 is 11.5 kaB.P. and MIS3/4 is 59.8 kaB.P.. The ages of the two climatic events contain three nodal age control models (Model 1: 0 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 2: 0 kaB.P.—11.5 kaB.P. and 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 3: 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.), which are used as the nodal control age separately. The deposition times of various stratigraphic horizons are calculated by using the magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model, and then compared with each other. In addition, the AMS14C age, OSL age and the ages of YD and H events are compared with the ages of the corresponding horizons calculated by the three models of nodal control ages. From the analyses of lithologic characters and climatic stages it has been found that both the magnetic susceptibility age model and the grain-size age model have some defects. Because the accurate control ages are selected as the nodal points of the glacial period or interglacial period, the stratigraphic deposition times determined by the high resolution of magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model approximate to the actual ages. As for the relative accuracy of the two age models, the magnetic susceptibility age model is more accurate than the grain-size age model.     

Rationality and Emotionality——On the plot of Pride and Prejudice

Jane Austen was a writer in the age of rationality, which surely leaves its imprint upon her works Pride and Prejudice. The ＂pride＂ and ＂prejudice＂ of the heroes and heroines in the novel manifest the fact that they are rationaUy-controUed. Such rationality, however, high- lights the unusual power of emotionality when the characters finally get married after experiencing complicated love This kind of first-back- grounding-emotionality-and-then-foregrounding it plot development in the works displays Austen＇s profound knowledge of life and her progressive thought surpassing her times. It also represents the characteristics of ＂the exterior rationalism and the interior romanticism＂ in her works.     

Quality Management Model Embodying Circular Economy and Sustainable Manufacture——Quality Concept Models Based on a Chinese Traditional Cultural Principle

Based on circular economy and sustainable manufacture theories, the drawbacks in the existing quality management models are analyzed. The requests that satisfy the big system ＂environment-society-economy＂ are summarized to build up a model. A Chinese traditional cultural principle is applied and the relevant contents are sublimated as the platform to set up the model. The new quality management concept models are put forward： ＂T-D-R＂ three dimension structures and ＂ecological quality loop＂ model, from which the new quality concepts are formed. The paper elaborates the contents and the process of setting up the models. The big system quality problems can be handled by the new quality concept and model that are validated in practice.     

Neural—networks—based Modelling and a Fuzzy Neural Networks Controller of MCFC

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells(MCFC) are produced with a highly efficient and clean power generation technology which will soon be widely utilized.The temperature characters of MCFC stack are briefly analyzed.A radial basis function (RBF) neural networks identification technology is applied to set up the temperature nonlinear model of MCFC stack,and the identification structure,algorithm and modeling training process are given in detail.A fuzzy controllery of MCFC stack is designed.In order to improve its online control ability,a neural network trained by the I/O data of a fuzzy controller is designed.The neural networks can memorize and expand the inference rules of the fuzzy controller and substitute for the fuzzy controller to control MCFC stack online,A detailed design of the controller is given,The validity of MCFC stack modilling based on neural networks and the superior performance of the fuzzy neural networks controller are proved by Simulations.     

Depression and Emancipation——Two Representative Images of Victorian Women in View of Ernestina and Sarah

In the novel The French Lieutenant＇s Woman,the two major female role--Ernestina and Sarah,can be the representative images of Victorian women. Sarah＇s speech and behaviors reveal the spirit of emancipation and freedom,while Ernestina is the conservative and depressed women in that period. Through the analysis of them,the social values of Victorian period are presented clearly. This also reflects John Fowles＇attitude towards women.     

Forty Years Research of Faster-Than-Light——Review and Prospects

Since the early work of O. M. Bilanuik and B. C. Sudarshan in 1962 and G. Feinberg in 1967, the research work on the faster-than-light (superluminal) has been performed in the world, such as in USA, Europe and China. In this paper, the development stages of the study are presented, which include beginning stage, transitional stage and experimental stage. Based on the Einstein‘s paper in 1905, the velocities greater than that of light had no possibility of existence. However, in the Einstein‘s papers of 1907 it was founded that the superluminal signal speed could not be refuted absolutely. In this paper, the studies on velocities are classified. The definition of General Information Speed is suggested, which will ease the discussion. After reviewing the researches of 1962-2004, it can be concluded that the faster-than-light is a realizable scientific statement.     

Chinese Basic Block—The Structure Designing Principle and Technology of Dong Hua Basic Block

The principles and the interrelated factors of the basic garment pattern are discussed. Furthermore the regression relation between the different parts of the Chinese female bodies and the application rules of the box pattern are analyzed. Chinese basic block- the DongHua Basic Block is founded theoretically and practically.     

Synthesis and thermodynamic analysis of nano-La_2O_3

The thermodynamic parameters of La(NO_3)_3 and La(OH)_3 are evaluated and the thermodynamics of nano-La_2O_3 syn- thetic process is analyzed.On the base of thermodynamic analysis,La_2O_3 nano-powders are prepared by the sol-gel method and the experi- ment scheme is designed by an orthogonal method.The dry-gelatin is analyzed with differential thermal analysis/thermo-gravimetric analy- sis(TGA-DTA)and X-ray diffraction method.The microstructure of nano-La_2O_3 powders is observed by transmission dectron micro- scope.The synthetic parameters affecting the average grain size and dispersivity of nano-La_2O_3 particles are experimentally examined and analyzed.All the results indicate that nano-La_2O_3 particles well-dispersed are obtained and the average grain size is in the range of 20—50 nm.     

Win in Online Business——through comparison between ‘Lenses By Mail’ and ‘Postoptics

‘Lenses By Mail’(http://lensesbymail.com/index.htm) and ‘Postoptics’(http://www.postoptics.co.uk/) are listed in the ‘googles' search web-page for contact lenses.Both the companies are based in the UK and are online global suppliers of eye care products,mainly replacement contact lenses.Lenses By Mail is a subsidiary of Warren Enterprises Inc.and claims to be a leading discounted contact lens supplier.Postoptics is the mail order division of Viewpoint,one of the largest contact lens practices in the UK,and claims to be the UK’s No.1 mail order contact lens company。     

Emergence of life——how and where? -An update based on recent ideas

Panspermic origins notwithstanding, life, assuming that it started on Earth, may have taken root as soon as it became geologically permissible. There are multiple possibilities for early biogenesis from complex inorganic/organic geochemistry at diverse geological niches. Recent theoretical calculations have revived the possibility of Earth having a rather reduced early atmosphere, and had refueled arguments for a surface origin of life. Laboratory modeling of possible prebiotic RNA polymerization has seen interesting experimental advances, although a plausible replicator-like molecule has not yet been produced. The hydrothermal origin school of thought has also seen an interesting postulation for life's early emergence and evolution—within contiguous, porous hydrothermal iron-sulfide (FeS) compartments, leading to a non-free living last universal common ancestor (LUCA). A confined LUCA evolving later into free-living archaebacteria and eubacteria could potentially reconcile some problems of molecular divergence between these two kingdoms. There are, however, many unresolved problems, and experimental evidence for such a scheme is lacking. Here, recent updates and refinements to the mainstay hypotheses for the emergence of life on Earth are reviewed and discussed.     

Unusual discrepancy between TOMS and ground-based measurements of the total ozone in 2002—2003

Monitoring the atmospheric ozone is one of the key projects in the atmospheric and environmental sciences, and the decrease of ozone in stratosphere has aroused the interests of governments and public in the world. Mainly two methods are used to measure the total atmospheric ozone in the globe: ground-based observation mainly including Dobson and Brewer ozone instruments, and satellite measurement. The popular satellite products are the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States of America.     

The Frontier Movement and The American Values and Beliefs

This paper briefly accounts the background of American values and beliefs. It analyses the essence of the American ideals and points out that the American values are exaggerated and glamorized by the American upper class. They are in a sense, a dose of anaesthetic and a kind of hypocrisy.     

Emergence of life—how and where?—An update based on recent ideas

Panspermic origins notwithstanding, life, assuming that it started on Earth, may have taken root as soon as it became geologically permissible. There are multiple possibilities for early biogenesis from complex inorganic/organic geochemistry at diverse geological niches. Recent theoretical calculations have revived the possibility of Earth having a rather reduced early atmosphere, and had refueled arguments for a surface origin of life. Laboratory modeling of possible prebiotic RNA polymerization has seen interesting experimental advances, although a plausible replicator-like molecule has not yet been produced. The hydrothermal origin school of thought has also seen an interesting postulation for life’s early emergence and evolution—within contiguous, porous hydrothermal iron-sulfide (FeS) compartments, leading to a non-free living last universal common ancestor (LUCA). A confined LUCA evolving later into free-living archaebacteria and eubacteria could potentially reconcile some problems of molecular divergence between these two kingdoms. There are, however, many unresolved problems, and experimental evidence for such a scheme is lacking. Here, recent updates and refinements to the mainstay hypotheses for the emergence of life on Earth are reviewed and discussed.     

QCD,Axial—Vector Current and Quark Spin Content of the Proton

The relationship between the helicities carried by quark and gluon ofthe proton and the triangle anomaly is discussed in terms of theperturbative QCD. A new flavorindependent axial-vector current is derivedin terms of the background field theory. Using this current the quark spincontents are computed and are consistent with data. The order of magnitudeof the quark spin content is determined to be O(1)in large N(?) expansion     

Stress Analysis and Optimum Design of Hot Extrusion Dies

A three-dimensional model of a hot extrusion die was developed by using ANSYS software and its second development language—ANSYS parametric design language. A finite element analysis and optimum design were carried out. The three-dimensional stress diagram shows that the stress concentration is rather severe in the bridge of the hot extrusion die, and that the stress distribution is very uneven. The optimum dimensions are obtained. The results show that the optimum height of the extrusion die is 89.596mm.The optimum radii of diffluence holes are 65.048 mm and 80.065mm. The stress concentration is reduced by 27%.     

Exchange-coupling interaction, effective anisotropy and magnetic property of nano-magnetic materials

The theories and models of exchange-coupling interaction between grains in nanocrystalline magnetic materials are introduced here. Their insufficiencies and distinctions from the experimental results are pointed out, and some revisions are made. The effects of the phase component ratio, the grain size and microstructure on the effective anisotropy and magnetic properties in the nanocomposite permanent materials and the improved models are discussed in detail.     

Analyses on Four Models and Cases of Enterprise Informatization

The basic conditions of the enterprise informatization in Heilongiiang province are analyzed and 4 models are designed to drive the industrial and commercial information enterprise. The 4 models are the Resource Integration Informatization Model, the Flow Management Informatization Model, the Intranet E-commerce Informatization Model and the Network Enterprise Informatization Model. The conditions for using and problems needing attentions of these 4 models are also analyzed.     

Measurements and Terminology of Different Measure Methods

Body measuring is very important for garment sizing and pattern making. In this paper, we study the difference of the landmarks between the traditional method and 3D scanner and we also select the 19 circumference measurements, 29 height and length measurements, 18 breadth and depth measurements＇and 3 other measurements, which are quite important in fashion body measuring, to compare the terminology of them in these two measuring method. 3D scanners seem better than the traditional method on these aspects, which are the number of measurements, speed, privacy and data accuracy, but they are limited on measuring posture. And there is no uniform standard for the scanners and the definitions of the measurements in the scanners are diversified.     

Exchange-coupling interaction, effective anisotropy and magnetic property of nano-magnetic materials

The theories and models of exchange-coupling interaction between grains in nanocrystalline magnetic materials are introduced here. Their insufficiencies and distinctions from the experimental results are pointed out, and some revisions are made. The effects of the phase component ratio, the grain size and microstructure on the effective anisotropy and magnetic properties in the nanocomposite permanent materials and the improved models are discussed in detail.     

Semi-order Fuzzy Supermartingales and Submartingales

There are some mathematical models(see Example2.4)and analogous results in standard martingale theorywhich can not be described by the usual fuzzy martingaletheory because of the lack of corresponding semi-orderin the fuzzy number space(E~n,D).In this paper,asuitable semi-order in the fuzzy number space(E~n,D)and the semi-order fuzzy supermartingale and submar-tingale are introduced,the charaterlstics of semi-ordersupermartingales and submartingales,as well as theDood's stopping theorem for them(the bounded stoppingtimes theorem and the general stopping times theoremfor a class of closable semi-order fuzzy supermartin-gales and submartingales)are established.