黄河小浪底河段古洪水沉积

通过分析古洪水沉积的环境及应用沉积物识别的野外特征指标体系,指出黄河小浪底河段的古洪水沉积分为3种类型,具有4个特点,其中赋存古洪水平流沉积的地貌类型有4种,这一研究成果为在野外寻找及判断黄河小浪底河段的古洪水沉积提供了科学依据,对古洪水研究具有普遍指导意义。     

黄河小浪底段古洪水沉积与古洪水水位的初步研究

在黄河小浪底河段的古洪水研究中，确定了古洪水平流沉积的基本特征，发现像黄河这样高含沙量河流的洪水平流沉积的尖灭端与洪痕一般高。本研究可以提高洪水研究的可靠性和精度度。     

古洪水研究—挖掘河流大洪水的编年史

洪水尤其是大洪水资料是国土规划、江河治理和减轻洪涝措施等的依据,然而,现有实测洪水仅有几十年,历史调查洪水也仅有数百年,对重要水问题工程所需要的稀遇洪水而言远远不充分,兴起不久的古洪水研究方法可以获得河流上全新世以来的大洪水系列资料,在我国长江、黄河、海河、淮河的部分河段上得到了实际应用,是一条利用现代科学技术获取河流上近万年来已发生过大洪系列信息的新途径。     

Identifying paleoflood deposits archived in Zhongba Site, the Three Gorges reservoir region of the Yangtze River, China

Based on the principle that the present is the key to the past, detailed analyses, such as AMS ^14C dating, grain size, component and morphology of heavy minerals, micro-morphology of zircon, Rb/Sr, magnetic susceptibility and total organic carbon （TOC）, were conducted to identify paleoflood sediments archived in Zhongba Site. The results indicate that the plaeoflood sediments bear great similarities with modern flood sediments in the following aspects： （1） probability cumulative curves mainly show a pattern of 3-4 segments; （2） grain-size distribution of suspended matter ranges between 3 and 10（I）; （3） the sediments are well-sorted, most of which are suspended matter （〉50%）; （4） the same species, quantity and morphology of heavy minerals; （5） scanning electronic microscope images show that shapes of zircon are mainly oval and nearly spheral, rounded due to long-distance transport; （6） higher Rb/Sr values （0.55-0.66）than those of sediments from cultural layers （0.03-0.26）; （7） magnetic susceptibility values （133.73-433.05 10^-6m^3/kg） are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers （959.25-2442.44 10^-6 m^3/kg）; （8） TOC （0.14%- 0.33%） are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers （1.13%-2.95%）. Our results demonstrate that, except for the 1981 flood, there are at least six paleoflood events that occurred during the Qing Dynasty, the middle of Song Dynasty, the early Warring States （400BC-350BC）, the West Zhou Dynasty （920BC-900BC）, the Xia Dynasty （2070BC-1600BC）, and the late Neolithic Age （3000BC-2300BC）, respectively.     

加入古洪水资料后的设计洪水成果合理性分析

根据长江,黄河,海河及淮河的部分河段上古洪水研究工作取得的成果,按水利水电工程实际洪水计算的方法,将有古洪水资料的洪水计算成果与无古洪水资料的设计洪水成果相比较,从参数区域协调平衡、相同控制面积下设计洪水成果等的合理性检查方面论述加入古洪水资料后其设计洪水成果的合理性。     

The evidence for the evolution of interplanetary small flux ropes: Boundary layers

We have examined the Wind data in 1996 and identified 21 small interplanetary magnetic flux ropes(SIMFRs),and all the 21 SIMFRs have boundary layer structures.The durations of the boundary layers varied from several minutes to 30 minutes.These boundary layers also have properties of high proton temperature,density,and plasma beta.These boundary layers are formed by magnetic reconnections.In addition,in three events magnetic reconnections were occurring inside the boundary layers.It indicates that the flux rope structures have propagated for some period of time,and their boundaries were still evolving through interaction with the background solar wind.Namely it is very possible that the SIMFRs came from the solar corona.     

Development of ancestors'''' cultivation revealed in phytolith assemblages from Guangfulin relics

1 Survey The Changjiang Delta Region is one of the cradles of the national culture. 300 cultural sites of Neolithic, which separately belong to 4 archaeology cultural styles, includ-ing Majiabang culture (7—6 kaBP), Songze culture (6—5 kaBP), Liangzhu culture (5—4 kaBP) and Maqiao culture (4—3 kaBP), were excavated and represent the develop-ing steps of continuous ancient culture[1]. After 1949 the archaeologists in Shanghai have been doing a great deal of excavation to ancient rel…     

Development of ancestors‘ cultivation revealed in phytolith assembalages from Guangfulin relics

Shanghai Museum has got great achievements in re-excavating Guangfulin relics.It is the first time that the cultural remains of Wangyoufang type is found above the Liangzhu cultural remains which comes from East Henan Province,providing previous materials for researching culture evolution around Taihu Lake.Samples were taken from the immature soil layer and cultural layers of Guangfulin relics for phytolith analysis.According to the systemic research for the archaeological remains and phytolith fossil,the phytoliths in Guangfulin relics can be divided into four xones.The development of rice agriculture and living condition of Guangfulin ancestors was discussed based on the existing rice fan-shaped phytolith,rice shell phytolith.diatom fossil and archaeology,evidence in the same layer.The Guangfulin relics has gradually developed since a high sea level 5000 years ago,and the broad rice agriculture has simultaneously developed.The newly re-excavated relics provides valuable materials for the research of ancestors and ancient culture in Shanghai.     

古洪水平流沉积基本特征

根据淮河响洪甸、滹沱河黄壁庄、长江三峡及黄河小浪底古洪水研究所取得的古洪水平流沉物样品及实验分析,研究了古洪水水中的关键问题－－古洪水平流沉积的野外观测及实验分析特征,研究表明：沉积环境、沉积物的颜色及沉积物的层理等可以指示现场寻找和判断洪水干充沉积;沉积物的粒度、矿物组成成分及孢子花粉分析可以进一步确定该沉积物是否是古洪水平流沉积及洪水发生时期、洪水来源等。     

洪水计算的新途径——古洪水研究

洪水频率分析常苦于资料太短,即使考虑历史调查洪水并作特大值处理,频率曲线的稀遇洪水部分定线仍然困难和不可靠.本文提出利用支流末端洪水平流沉积推算干流几千年前洪水以及由这些古洪水、历史(调查)洪水、实测洪水构成的不连序系列进行频率分析的方法.该法可使频率曲线最重要的稀遇洪水部分精度显著提高.     

审美活动根源于实践

结合精神分析学、后实践美学,把审美活动分为三个层次：本能层、现实层、理想层。论述审美活动的三个层次都离不开人类实践活动,都是社会实践直接或间接的产物。     

Direct dating of Early Upper Palaeolithic human remains from Mladec

The human fossil assemblage from the Mladec Caves in Moravia (Czech Republic) has been considered to derive from a middle or later phase of the Central European Aurignacian period on the basis of archaeological remains (a few stone artefacts and organic items such as bone points, awls, perforated teeth), despite questions of association between the human fossils and the archaeological materials and concerning the chronological implications of the limited archaeological remains. The morphological variability in the human assemblage, the presence of apparently archaic features in some specimens, and the assumed early date of the remains have made this fossil assemblage pivotal in assessments of modern human emergence within Europe. We present here the first successful direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of five representative human fossils from the site. We selected sample materials from teeth and from one bone for 14C dating. The four tooth samples yielded uncalibrated ages of approximately 31,000 14C years before present, and the bone sample (an ulna) provided an uncertain more-recent age. These data are sufficient to confirm that the Mladec human assemblage is the oldest cranial, dental and postcranial assemblage of early modern humans in Europe and is therefore central to discussions of modern human emergence in the northwestern Old World and the fate of the Neanderthals.     

Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (??2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (~2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

Distribution and identification of the low-velocity layer in the northern South China Sea

The low-velocity layer (LVL), closely related with tectonic activities and dynamic settings, has always been a hot topic in the deep crustal structure studies. The deep seismic (OBS/OBH) and onshore-offshore experiments have been extensively implemented in the northern South China Sea (SCS) since the 1990s. Six seismic profiles were finished on the northern margin of SCS by domestic and international cooperations. The features of crustal structures were revealed and five velocity-inversion layers were discovered. Among them three LVLs with 3.0—3. 5 km·s-1 velocity are located in the sedimentary structure (2.0—6.0 km in depth and 2.0—4. 6 km in thickness) of the Yinggehai Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin. They were identified by the reflective and refractive phases for their shallow depth. The other two LVLs with 5.5—6.0 km·s-1 velocity generally existed in the middle crust (7.0—18.0 km in depth) with an about 2.5—6.0 km thickness in the transitional crustal structure of the northeastern and northwestern SCS. They were detected by the refractive phase from their overlain and underlying layers. We explored the possible tectonic formation mechanisms combining with previously reported results, which provided evidence for the formation and evolution of SCS.     

全化学溶液法制备SrTiO3缓冲层

 化学法制备SrTiO₃薄膜成本低、效率高,适合用于YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ（YBCO）涂层导体的缓冲层。采用全化学溶液沉积法在Ni-5W金属基带上外延生长了SrTiO₃（STO）缓冲层薄膜。以乙酸盐、钛酸丁酯为原料配制均匀稳定的STO种子层、La_xSr_1-xTiO₃种子层和STO 缓冲层前驱溶液。研究了STO 种子层薄膜厚度对在STO/Ni-5W（200）上沉积STO 外延薄膜性能的影响,结果表明,在880℃烧结温度下制备的3 层STO 种子层上可以制备出表面光滑平整、具有（200）择优取向的STO 缓冲层。尝试将La 元素掺入STO 中制得稳定的LSTO 前驱液,在LSTO/Ni-5W 结构上制备了具有（200）择优取向的STO 缓冲层薄膜,可作为YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ涂层导体的缓冲层。     

荧光引物扩增AMG基因鉴定古代人骨遗骸的性别

建立一种用荧光标记引物扩增AMG基因的性染色体同源片段方法, 对古代人骨遗骸进行性别鉴定. 用其测定5个古代遗骸的性别, 其结果与形态学结果一致.     

Neolithic rice paddy from the Zhaojiazhuang site, Shandong, China

To identify and study the Neolithic rice paddy in Shandong, eastern China, is not only an important issue in the development of Chinese rice agriculture, but also a key part of the study on rice spread in East Asia. Due to the limitation of archaeological materials and the research methods, there have been no discoveries about the Neolithic rice paddy in Shandong Province for a long time. Based on the identification of possible rice paddy by archaeological excavation, phytolith analysis of soil samples from this "paddy" has been systematically carried out and the results have shown a 4600—4300 years old rice paddy preserved at the Zhaojiazhuang site. This is the first examination and study of the rice paddy in North China by systematic phytolith analysis, which is very important for the Neolithic archaeological research and the study of the eastward spread of rice agricultural techniques in East Asia.     

用电子束蒸发制备硫化锌薄膜器件的绝缘层

用电子束蒸发Ｔａ＿２Ｏ＿５或Ｙ＿２Ｏ＿３膜作绝缘层制备ＺｎＳ：ＭｎＡＣＴＦＥＬ器件。比较两种类型绝缘层器件的光电特性，探讨制备低阈值电压和高亮度ＡＣＴＦＥＬ器件的途径，研究表明用电子束蒸发制备Ｔａ＿２Ｏ＿５绝缘层的器件可获得低阈值发光。     

Oldest playable musical instruments found at Jiahu early Neolithic site in China

Excavations at the early Neolithic site of Jiahu in Henan Province, China have produced what may be the earliest complete, playable, tightly-dated multinote musical instruments. Jiahu was occupied from 7000 BC to 5700 BC, considerably antedating the well known Peiligang culture. Here we describe six exquisitely made complete flutes which were found in radiocarbon-dated excavation layers, along with fragments of perhaps 30 more. The flutes are made from the ulnae of the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis Millen) and have 5, 6, 7 and 8 holes. The best preserved flute has been played and tonally analysed. In addition to early musical artefacts, the archaeological record at Jiahu contains important information on the very foundations of Chinese society. We describe the archaeological characteristics of the Jiahu site, details concerning its dating, its place in the prehistory of the Chinese Neolithic, the ethnicity of its population and the results of a tonal analysis of a nearly 9,000-year-old musical instrument found there.