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1.
Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO2 reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO2 emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO2–H2 mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO2–H2 atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.  相似文献   

2.
NH4HCO3 conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH4HCO3 conversion, including molar ratio of NH4HCO3 to zinc extracted residual, NH4HCO3 concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH4HCO3 conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(12):2001-2007
Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe3O4 NPs with a SiO2 layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO2 coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO2 on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO2 layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe3O4 NPs, forming a core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2@GO composite where Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe3O4@SiO2@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.  相似文献   

4.
In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4), and talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K2MgSiO4 phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K2MgSiO4 formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K2MgSiO4.  相似文献   

5.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(9):1397-1412
As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.  相似文献   

6.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(12):1940-1948
The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.  相似文献   

7.
The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.  相似文献   

8.
A high-building multi-directional pipe joint (HBMDPJ) was fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing using high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. The microstructure characteristics and transformation were observed and analyzed. The results show that the forming part includes four regions. The solidification zone solidifies as typical columnar crystals from a molten pool. The complete austenitizing zone forms from the solidification zone heated to a temperature greater than 1100°C, and the typical columnar crystals in this zone are difficult to observe. The partial austenitizing zone forms from the completely austenite zone heated between Ac1 (austenite transition temperature) and 1100°C, which is mainly equiaxed grains. After several thermal cycles, the partial austenitizing zone transforms to the tempering zone, which consistes of fully equiaxed grains. From the solidification zone to the tempering zone, the average grain size decreases from 75 to 20 μm. The mechanical properties of HBMDPJ satisfies the requirement for the intended application.  相似文献   

9.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2020,27(9):1251-1258
A Monte Carlo Potts model was developed to simulate the recrystallization process of a cold-rolled ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel. The orientation and image quality data from electron backscatter diffraction measurements were used as input information for simulation. Three types of nucleation mechanisms, namely, random nucleation, high-stored-energy site nucleation (HSEN), and high-angle boundary nucleation (HABN), were considered for simulation. In particular, the nucleation and growth behaviors of Goss-oriented ({011}<100>) grains were investigated. Results showed that Goss grains had a nucleation advantage in HSEN and HABN. The amount of Goss grains was the highest according to HABN, and it matched the experimental measurement. However, Goss grains lacked a size advantage across all mechanisms during the recrystallization process.  相似文献   

10.
Nano graphene platelet (Gr) reinforced nano composites with a zinc–aluminum alloy (ZA27) matrix were produced by powder metallurgy at four different mass ratios (0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 2.0wt% and 4.0wt%) and three different sintering temperatures (425, 450, and 475°C). In order to investigate the effect of sintering temperatures and nano graphene reinforcement materials on the composite structure, the microstructures of the composite samples were investigated and their densities were determined with a scanning electron microscope. Hardness, transverse rupture, and abrasion wear tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties. According to the test results, the porosity increased and the mechanical strength of the nano composites decreased as the amount of nano graphene reinforcement in ZA27 increased. However, when the composites produced in different reinforcement ratios were evaluated, the increase in sintering temperature increased the mechanical structure by positively affecting the composite structure.  相似文献   

11.
废水中氨氮沉淀的影响因素   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9  
以MgCl2和Na2HPO4为沉淀剂,用实验室模拟废水研究了影响氨氮沉淀的因素,包括沉淀pH值、沉淀剂的添加量及氨氮的原始质量浓度.结果表明,沉淀pH值是影响氨氮沉淀的主要因素,它影响氨氮的沉淀率、残余氨氮浓度、Mg2 和PO3-4的沉淀率和残余量以及沉淀后水的pH值.最佳沉淀pH值为11.氨氮的初始质量浓度在1 000 mg/L以下时,随其降低氨氮的沉淀率和残余氨氮质量浓度都降低;低于100mg/L时沉淀率明显降低,但残余氨氮质量浓度可以达到5mg/L,且变化不再明显.  相似文献   

12.
集约化养猪场冲栏水的达标处理   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
采用厌氧ABR反应器与好氧-缺氧ICEAS反应器串联工艺处理养猪场冲栏废水,在无外加碱度条件下,由于进水中的碱度不够补偿硝化过程中碱度的消耗,而使ICEAS反应器中的PH降低至5.5左右,严重抑制了硝细菌和亚硝化细菌的活性,导致了NH^+4-N的去除率小于60%,出水中NH^+4-N的浓度为600mg/L左右,无法达到排放标准。在外加CaCO3(3.9g/L)的条件下,NH^+4-N的浓度为600  相似文献   

13.
化学沉淀法去除木薯制备酒精废水中氨氮的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对NH_3-N质量浓度为500~900mg/L木薯制备酒精的废水,采用正交试验及单因素试验研究了用化学沉淀法去除废水中氨氮的工艺条件,结果表明:以MgCl_2·6H_2O和Na2HPO4·12H_2O为沉淀剂,在pH=9.0时废水溶液中PO_4~(3-)与Mg~(2+)和NH_4~+一起发生沉淀反应生成MgNH4PO4·6H_2O,从而达到去除废水中的氨氮的目的;影响废水中的氨氮去除率的因素依次为n(Mg~(2+):NH_4~+),反应时间,n(PO_4~(3-)∶NH_4~+)和pH值。最佳反应条件是当pH=9.0,n(Mg~(2+))∶n(NH_4~+)∶n(PO_4~(3-))=1.4∶1.0∶1.2,常温下反应30min,静置30min,该工艺条件下,对初始氨氮为644.5mg/L的木薯制备酒精的废水进行处理,其氨氮的去除率90%。  相似文献   

14.
利用复合分子筛对模拟含氨氮废水进行研究,分析了吸附过程中粒径,温度,pH值,停留时间等影响因素对氨氮去除效率的影响.结果表明:氨氮去除效果随着分子筛粒径的减小而增加,4 g粒径小于2 mm分子筛对100 mL浓度为5 mg/L的模拟氨氮水的去除效果达到了80%,停留时间与去除率呈正相关,当40 min时反应基本达到了平衡,在弱酸性和碱性条件下氨氮去除率有所增加,氨氮的去除效果随着温度的升高而上升.  相似文献   

15.
根据丁腈橡胶废水的水质特点,采用AF-S/A/SMBBR组合工艺,考察水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)、进水氨氮浓度三个影响因素对氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明:在水温为20℃-22℃,进水PH为6.5-8,氨氮浓度为150-300mg/L,系统水力停留时间(HRT)为10d的操作条件下,出水氨氮浓度稳定在50mg/L以下,平均去除率高达82.25%。出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)国家二级排放标准。  相似文献   

16.
以不同浓度的畜禽养殖废水为对象,研究藻菌体系对废水中的NH4+-N、TP和COD的去除效果。结果表明:藻菌体系对不同浓度的畜禽养殖废水的处理效果不同,当废水中NH4+-N、TP和COD浓度分别小于44.4 mg/L、6.4 mg/L和500 mg/L时,藻菌微生物的生长速度快、生物量大,对废水处理效果好;当处理时间为6 d时,NH4+-N、TP和COD的去除率分别大于90%、84%和80%,该实验结果为构建高效藻类塘提供理论依据。  相似文献   

17.
以模拟废水为对象,在传统的流化床反应器内,将活性污泥和经驯化的反硝化污泥按适当比例混合后,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)加适当添加剂将其包埋,并对短程硝化反硝化脱氮进行了研究.结果表明,在进水NH4+-N平均为53.60mg/L,COD为281.19mg/L,HRT12h,调控温度、溶解氧、pH等,出水亚硝化率和TN去除率分别可达95%和85%以上,短程硝化反硝化脱氮较理想.当进水COD含量从150mg/L增加到750mg/L,TN去除率从73.66%提高到96.79%.适合包埋颗粒短程硝化反硝化脱氮的最佳溶解氧浓度约为4.0mg/L.当pH一直维持在8.0左右,温度从30℃降到25℃过程中,短程硝化反硝化并未遭破坏.当温度维持在25℃,pH从8.0降到7.5,连续运行约5个周期后,短程硝化反硝转变为全程的硝化反硝化.  相似文献   

18.
针对福州市某水厂原传统处理工艺不能有效去除微污染水源水氨氮,出厂水氨氮不能稳定达标的情况,采用臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)处理工艺对水厂进行了中试研究,研究了臭氧投加量、水温、臭氧接触室气水比、活性炭滤池空床停留时间(EBCT)、流向等因素对氨氮去除的影响.结果表明:对于氨氮浓度为0.6~2.0 mg·L-1的微污染水源水质,最佳的臭氧投加量为2 mg·L-1;且当水温为16~24℃,臭氧接触室气水比为5∶3∶2,EBCT为15 min时,氨氮的去除效果在75%以上;此外,与下向流工艺相比,上向流工艺具有较高的去除率.  相似文献   

19.
鸟粪石沉淀法用于养猪场污水前处理的影响因素研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用鸟粪石沉淀法对养猪场污水进行前处理,研究了各类因素对沉淀效果的影响,包括加药剂与调节pH值的顺序、搅拌速率、温度、反应时间、溶液pH值与加入的药剂量等,其中溶液pH值与加入的药剂量是养猪场污水中污染物去除的决定性影响因素.本实验条件下,P/Mg/N比为1/1/1.2、pH10.0时,有最佳NH4+-N的去除率与最低PO43-P的残留浓度,分别是87%和30.21mg/L.  相似文献   

20.
利用反硝化聚磷菌进行动态与静态相结合的反硝化聚磷试验,研究A^2/O厌氧段聚磷菌的反硝化聚磷特性。研究结果表明,在A^2/O厌氧段中占聚磷菌总数52%的菌具有同步反硝化聚磷的生物学特性。当以NO3^- -N作电子受体进行聚磷时,其硝酸盐浓度应限制在50 mg/L以下,初始硝酸盐浓度越高,反硝化速率和缺氧聚磷速率及去除率越快,系统由聚磷转变为释磷的时间将延后。由于释/聚磷过程都需要碳源,所以,应控制进水的化学耗氧量(COD),以200 mg/L为最佳,使在释磷时有充足的碳源而在聚磷时碳源又较少。pH值对释/聚磷有不同程度的影响,在一定范围内,初始pH值越高,释磷效果越好,但当pH≥8.0时,会引起磷酸盐沉积而导致磷酸根浓度降低,从而无法正确判断释磷和生物聚磷效果,反硝化除磷系统的pH值应控制在7.0-7.5的范围内。  相似文献   

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