Relative dielectric constant from dry rocks

Relative dielectric constant is an important physical factor in the theory of microwave remote sensing and electromagnetic transmission. This note reports the results of detecting relative dielectric constant from 197 rock samples. The regular pattern of the relative dielectric constant varying with microwave spectrum is revealed. The relative dielectric constants, correlated with the type, density, structure and chemical component of the rock, are discussed. The results are: ( i ) The relative dielectric constant is related to the frequency when it is measured within the frequency of 0.5–18 GHz. ( ii ) The real part of the relative dielectric constant among different types of rocks changes in a large range, the regular pattern of the change is from ultrabasic rock, basic rock, to intermediate rock, acid rock and sedimentary rock. The real part of relative dielectric constant gradually lowers, the change range is between 9 and 5. ( iii ) The real parts of relative dielectric constant have a marked positive correlation with the density of the rocks. ( iv ) The relative dielectric constant related with the structures of the rocks, the smaller the grain of rock, the larger the relative dielectric constant. ( v ) The real parts of relative dielectric constant related to chemical component of the rock are more complex. The imaginary parts of relative dielectric constant are markedly correlated with MnO and LOI, less correlation with Fe₂O₃, FeO, MgO, P₂O₅, and has no correlation with the rest variables.     

铌铁酸铅-钛酸铅铁电陶瓷的结构相变

 通过钨锰铁矿预合成法制备了铌铁酸铅-钛酸铅(1-x)Pb(Fe_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-xPbTiO₃ (PFN-PT)铁电陶瓷。X-ray衍射（XRD）测量和密度测试表明,1150 ℃烧结2.5 h制备的PFN-PT陶瓷呈现纯钙钛矿结构和较高的致密度。随着PbTiO₃（PT）质量含量的增加,PFN-PT的晶体结构从三方相向四方相转变,伴随着晶胞体积的减小和钙钛矿结构四方性因子（c/a）的增大。PFN-PT陶瓷呈现明显的介电频率色散现象,随着PT含量的增加,介电常数最大值温度T_m/T_C升高,介电响应从弥散、宽化的介电峰变得相对尖锐,介电损耗减小,频率色散现象减弱。MnO₂掺杂有效地改善了PFN-PT陶瓷的介电性能。w=0.25% MnO₂掺杂的0.66PFN-0.34PT陶瓷100 kHz的最大介电常数ε_m为13254,室温介电损耗tanδ为0.003 63,饱和极化强度P_s为6.18μC/cm2,矫顽场E_c为1.1 kV/mm,压电应变常量d₃₃为98pC/N。     

光催化降解养虾废水中有机物及灭菌研究

 为了研究TiO₂光催化降解养虾废水中有机物及杀菌能力,文章以TiO₂二氧化钛为催化剂,并分别加入H₂ O₂和Fenton试剂作为助剂进行了光催化降解实验。结果表明：在300 W中压汞灯和太阳光下,Fenton试剂作为助剂的效果最好, COD-Cr去除率分别达到71.6%和13.0%,而空白实验对应的COD-Cr去除率几乎为0。养虾废水中细菌总数为2.6×10¹¹个/L,以TiO₂为光催化剂,经300 W中压汞灯照射30 min或太阳光照射3 h后,杀菌率为100%。     

Fe3+,Ce3+共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

 以溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe³⁺,Ce³⁺共掺杂的纳米TiO₂光催化剂.研究了不同的三价铁、三价铈掺杂量及烧结温度对日光灯照射下TiO₂光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响.结果表明,Fe³⁺,Ce³⁺共掺杂能抑制TiO₂晶粒的生长,并使TiO₂的吸收带边明显红移约100nm;在普通日光灯下,共掺杂样品光催化效果优于单掺样品,Fe³⁺和Ce³⁺共掺杂对提高TiO₂在可见光下的催化活性具有协同效应,最佳掺杂量物质的量比为n(Fe³⁺):n(Ce³⁺):n(TiO₂)=0.005:0.015:1,最佳烧结温度为650℃.     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解亮蓝染料的研究

以纳米TiO₂为光催化剂，高压汞灯为紫外光源，研究了水溶液中亮蓝染料的半导体光催化降解及其影响因素。研究结果表明，TiO₂在500℃煅烧后所形成的锐钛型产物具有较好的光催化效果。纳米TiO₂的用量是影响亮蓝降解反应速率的重要因素，其最适宜的用量为1.0kg/m³。亮蓝的初始浓度越高，降解率越低。在亮蓝初始浓度为12.62mmol/m³，纳米TiO₂的用量为1.0kg/m³时，经光照40min后亮蓝的降解率可达99%以上，并通过回归分析得出了亮蓝降解的动力学方程。     

纳米CuO/TiO2的光催化降解及其应用

利用水热法制备了掺杂铜离子的纳米TiO₂粉体，并利用XRD和TEM对其进行了表征。通过对罗丹明6G 溶液光催化降解反应，研究了固定化纳米CuO/TiO₂粉体的光催化性质。实验表明，固定化纳米CuO/TiO₂粉体的光催化性高于固定化纳米TiO₂粉体。其机理是铜离子掺杂后提高了TiO₂对氧的吸附能力，减少了纳米粒子表面光生电子与光生空穴的复合，从而加速了光降解反应。另外，将其用于污水处理中取得了满意的结果。     

Microwave sintering of Ca<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>La<Subscript>0.2667</Subscript>TiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> microwave dielectric ceramics

Ca_0.6La_0.2667TiO₃ ceramics were prepared by conventional and microwave sintering techniques and their sinterability, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated in detail for comparison. Densified Ca_0.6La_0.2667TiO₃ ceramics were obtained by microwave sintering at 1350°C for 30 min and by conventional sintering at 1450°C for 4 h. An unusual phenomenon was found that some larger grains (grain size range: 8–10 μm) inclined to assemble in one area but some smaller ones (grain size range: 2–4 μm) inclined to gather in another area in the microwave sintered ceramics. The microwave dielectric properties of Ca_0.6La_0.2667TiO₃ ceramics prepared by microwave sintering at 1350°C were as follows: dielectric constant (ɛ _r) = 119.6, quality factor (Qf) = 17858.5 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ _f) = 155.5 ppm/°C. In contrast, the microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics prepared by conventional sintering at 1450°C were ɛ _r = 117.4, Qf = 13375 GHz, and τ _f = 217.2 ppm/°C.     

Permeation of vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes across MDCK cell monolayer and comparison with Caco-2 cells

The permeation and eytotoxicity of three insulin-mimetic vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes were studied using the MDCK cell monolayer in comparison with the Caeo-2 cells. On MDCK cell monolayer, the apparent permeation coefficients （Papp） were estimated to be （7.5±1.0）×10^-6, （1.0±0.2）×10^-6, （1.7±0.4）× 10^-6cm/s for V（Ⅴ）, V（Ⅵ）, and V（Ⅲ）-dipie complexes, respectively. The permeability of V（Ⅴ）-dipie complexes is much better than the others, which is in agreement with its better hypoglycemie effect in animal tests. On Caeo-2 cell monolayer, Papp were found to be in the range of 1-3×10^-6 ends and not to be affected by excessive amounts of dipieolinate ligand. By contrast, the permeability in the AP→BL direction across the MDCK monolayer increased greatly in the presence of free ligands, suggesting existence of active transport mechanism of vanadium complex anions on the MDCK cells. The eytotoxieity of the three complexes was found similar and the IC50 were measured in the range of 0.6-0.9 mmol/L for MDCK cells and 1.6--2 mmol/L for Caco-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of three vanadium complexes was conceivably in consistence with their permeability, suggesting that the toxicity, permeation and cellular metabolism of vanadium complexes are closely related.     

PCln (n=-1,0,+1)分子离子基态的结构与势能函数

 基于Gaussian03计算软件,选用高角动量基函数6-311++g(df,pd),分别使用密度泛函理论UB3LYP和UB3P86,以及组态相互作用方法UCCSD-FC和UQCISD-FC,对PCl分子和PCl⁺,PCl^-离子基态进行了几何优化,进一步对其进行了频率计算和单点能扫描计算.用最小二乘法拟合得到了PCl^<em>n(n=-1,0,+1)分子离子基态的Murrell-Sorbie势能函数.与实验及理论结果比较表明,对PCl,PCl⁺分子离子基态光谱常数 (B_e,α_e,ω_e,ω_ex_e)的计算结果达到了很高的精度.文章还首次给出PCl^-分子离子基态光谱参数(B_e,α_e,ω_e,ω_ex_e)和PClⁿ(n=-1,0,+1)力常数(f₂,f₃,f₄)的理论数据,为PClⁿ(n=-1,0,+1)分子离子的更深层次研究和应用提供重要的理论基础.     

载Pt纳米TiO2抑制滇池蓝藻生长的研究

 对蓝藻样品的叶绿素含量、光合速率、呼吸速率、氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性以及超氧阴离子含量进行测定.比较研究纳米TiO₂和负载Pt纳米TiO₂对蓝藻生长抑制的影响.结果表明,与纳米TiO₂相比,在太阳光下负载Pt纳米TiO₂对蓝藻的抑制效果更好.另外,研究表明,载Pt纳米TiO₂的载Pt量选择1.5%为最佳.     

O2+阳离子第二负带系(A2Πu -X2Πg)(5,21)带的激光光谱

采用光外差-速度调制分子离子吸收光谱技术,在近红外波段11 387~11 800 cm-1范围内,首次对O²₊第二负带(A²Π_u -X²Π_g)（5,21）带进行测量和分析.采用有效Hamilton量,在非线性最小二乘意义上拟合获得了该振动带下态精确的分子常数.     

缺位磷钨杂多阴离子PW11O7-39电催化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

 以Keggin型缺位磷钨杂多阴离子PW₁₁O^7-₃₉(PW₁₁)为电催化剂,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)为模型污染物,详细研究了PW₁₁对DMP降解的电催化作用。实验结果表明,在pH=2.5,E=-0.6 V和60 mL·min^-1O₂流速下,0.05 mmol·L^-1DMP反应120 min的降解率达96%,总有机碳(TOC)去除约34%。DMP的电催化降解服从准一级反应动力学模型,准一级表观速率常数(k obs)与DMP的初始浓度有关, 当DMP的初始浓度为0.05, 0.2 和0.3 mmol·L^-1时,kobs分别为2.9×10^-2, 7.5×10^-3和4.9×10^-3min^-1。     

HBr2 +离子的结构及其解析势能函数

 采用密度泛函（B3LYP）方法,以及6-311++G(2df,2pd)基组优化出了单态HBr⁺²离子的结构参数、离解能和力常数。在此基础上,利用多体项展式方法导出了HBr₂⁺（C_s,X¹ A′）离子的分析势能函数,并获得其势能面,正确的再现了HBr₂⁺离子的平衡结构特征及其离解能,并可由势能图观察到Br(² P_u )+HBr⁺ (X² Π_i)→HBr₂⁺（X¹ A′）反应通道上出现一个鞍点,其位置在R_BrBr=0.42 nm,R_HBr=0.16 nm,∠HB_r B_r=97.5°,V=-5.5 eV,垒高约0.53 eV。为进一步探讨HBr₂⁺离子的反应动力学过程打下了基础。     

电流退火对钴基非晶丝巨磁阻抗效应的影响

对直径为40 μm,长为5 cm的褪膜玻璃包裹钴基（Co_69.20Fe_4.16 Si_12.35B_10.77 Cr_3.42 Mo_0.1）非晶丝进行电流退火和电流应力退火,研究了退火对巨磁阻抗效应的影响.结果发现,随着退火电流密度和外加应力的增大,丝的磁阻抗变化对外加磁场的敏感度先增大后减小,在20 A/mm²和90 MPa的退火条件下,灵敏度最高,可达1%/( A·m^-1).以上述条件退火,敏感度最高可达19%/( A·m^-1).     

Complex conductivity and permittivity of single wall carbon nanotubes/polymer composite at microwave frequencies:A theoretical estimation

Based on an equivalent resistance-capacitance network, the complex conductivity and the relative complex permittivity of single wall carbon nanotubes （SWNTs）/polymer composite are theoretically investigated in the frequency range of 0.30-18 GHz using the logarithmic rule. Both the real and imaginary parts of the permittivities of SWNTs and polymer are considered in detail. The calculated complex permittivity spectra of SWNTs/poly（ethyl methacrylate） composite films are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The influences of SWNTs concentration on both the complex conductivity and the dielectric loss tangent of the composite are presented in the microwave frequency range. A linear relationship between microwave conductivity and frequency is found.     

甲醇与O[3P]反应机理的从头算及动力学

采用UQCISD/ 6-311G (d,p )从头算方法,优化甲醇和O [³P ]的反应两个通道、反应物、过渡态和产物的几何构型。进一步运用G2方法进行单点能量校正,得出通道 (1)和通道 (2)的位垒分别是48.86kJ/mol和28.89kJ/mol。并指出通道 (1 )是吸热反应,而通道 (2 )是放热反应。在300～3200K温度范围内,采用传统过渡态理论计算两个反应通道各自的速率常数k₁ 和k₂ ,由此采用非线性最小二乘法,得出这两个反应通道各自的速率方程为k₁=2.43×10^-18×T^2.23×exp(- 32.97/T)cm³mol^-1 s^-1 (300K≤T≦3200K), k₂=6.12× 1 0 ^-18×T^2.19×exp(- 1396/T)cm³mol^-1s^-1(300K≤T≦3200K) 2/k₁对温度变化的依赖关系。计算得出CH₃OH和O[³P]反应的总速率常数k₁₊₂ ,与实验结果取得很好的一致。     

直流脉冲放电产生SO分子束:A'3→X3∑-跃迁

采用直流脉冲高压对SO₂/He(配比1:99,总压强3.0×10⁵Pa)混合气体放电产生SO超声分子束,SO自由基由电离其前体SO₂再解离而形成．发射光谱中350~500 nm波长范围的电子振动谱标识为SO(A'³→X³∑^-)跃迁,通过对实验谱线拟合,获得了该跃迁的带源ν₀₀ = 29524(8) cm^-1,SO(A'³Δ)的光谱常数ω'_e = 742(6) cm^-1, ω'_eχ'_e = 5.9(2.0) cm^-1, 以及基电子态的光谱常数ω'_e = 1165(5) cm-1, ω'_eχ'_e = 6.4(0.5) cm^_-1.     

巯基功能化3DOM TiO2-SiO2吸附剂制备及吸附性能研究

 采用胶晶板法,以聚苯乙烯胶晶为膜板,钛酸丁酯和3-巯基-丙基-三甲氧基硅烷为前驱物一步共聚缩合,制备了巯基功能化的3DOM TiO₂-SiO₂有机-无机杂化材料。SEM、EDS和FTIR测试表明,适当控制前驱物比例,可以制得高度有序的巯基功能化三维大孔材料。对重金属汞离子的吸附容量、吸附动力学等测试表明,这种新型材料对汞离子吸附容量高,达到吸附平衡较快,吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,吸附活化能为30 kJ/mol, 扩散系数仅为10^-12～10^-13m²/s,表明吸附过程仍受一定扩散阻力影响。     

PdCl_2-CuCl_2/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂室温催化氧化CO的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列PdCl2-CuCl2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,以CO催化氧化作为目标反应,分别考察了活性组分负载量、反应气浓度及湿度、反应温度对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:水气的存在是该催化反应能够发生的前提;反应温度的变化对催化效能影响较小,而反应气浓度变化对催化性能影响显著;实验条件下负载2%Pd-2%Cu的催化剂效果最好。室温下,该催化剂在相对湿度为50%～60%、体积空速为30000h-1,对2.23×10-4mol/L的CO转化率可达90%以上。     

固体超强酸S2O2-8/Fe2O3-ZrO2-La2O3催化制备生物柴油

用沉淀—浸渍法制备固体超强酸S₂O^2-₈/Fe₂O₃-ZrO₂-La₂O₃催化剂，通过XRD和FTIR对其结构进行表征。将该催化剂用于催化制备生物柴油并考察了反应条件对生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明，当Fe、Zr和La的摩尔比为1∶0.42∶0.075时，催化剂活性最高。其催化制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件为，催化剂用量为菜籽油质量的2%，醇和油的摩尔比为12∶1，反应温度为220℃，反应时间为10h，产率可达90.3%。催化剂重复使用5次反应时间达50h，产率仍达83%。GC-MS表征表明制得的生物柴油的纯度较高。