深部软岩巷道爆破卸压技术及工程应用研究

为控制深部软岩巷道的变形,利用爆破卸压技术,对淮南矿业集团谢桥矿高应力软岩巷道进行了爆破卸压工程试验,充分改变围岩应力状态,使巷道的变形量及稳定时间得到了很好的控制。     

深部高应力巷道大变形机理与控制对策

为解决深部高应力大变形巷道围岩控制难题,采用理论分析和现场踏勘的方法,分析了双河煤矿深部巷道大变形机理.提出"围岩改性增强+围岩表面应力恢复+围岩卸压应力转移"相结合的围岩控制对策,并结合实际提出"钻锚注一体化+高预应力多维锚索桁架支护系统+顺层钻孔与巷道基角药壶爆破卸压"成套技术体系,通过现场工业试验,取得良好的技术效果.     

深孔卸压爆破技术改变围岩应力结构的试验研究

针对围岩内高应力集中造成巷道支护后难以稳定的问题,应用"深孔卸压爆破技术",重新调整围岩应力分布,使深部围岩内积聚的弹性能以变形破裂的形式释放,使应力集中的弹性区转移到围岩更深处,在围岩深部形成应力集中的自承载圈,在巷道周围表层一定范围内形成低应力卸压圈.通过改变围岩应力分布,使围岩内高应力得到释放和转移,消除巷道附近围岩应力集中,在底板岩层中形成上自撑岩环体和下自撑岩拱体两层自撑结构,有效地控制巷道变形,保持了巷道稳定,达到深部围岩-浅部围岩-支架系统耦和支护的目的,充分发挥了围岩自承能力.卸压后的巷道采取常规支护技术就能保持长期稳定.     

在破碎岩体中维护采准巷道的试验研究

针对松树镇矿＋４９０采区运输中巷围岩破碎、变形量大、维护困难的条件，应用巷帮深孔爆破卸压的应力控制法，改变巷道围岩应力分布状态，改进了巷道施工工艺和维护措施，取得了巷道维护的理想效果和经济效益。     

高应力复合顶板巷道卸压让压耦合支护技术

针对平煤股份公司十二矿的深部巷道支护难题,通过对卸压、让压支护原理的分析,根据巷道围岩实际情况,结合数值模拟计算分析,提出卸压让压耦合支护方案。利用高位瓦斯抽排巷向机、风巷施工穿层钻孔,进行控制爆破,并利用迎头瓦斯排放孔进行高压水射流切割围岩,由此首先实现围岩的卸压;同时顶板采用超高强让压锚杆+钢筋网+M型钢带+锚索等支护方案,进而实现围岩的让压。通过现场监测,得知巷道变形得到了有效控制,说明卸压让压耦合支护技术最终实现了对高应力复合顶板巷道的合理支护。     

孔底爆破卸压法控制采区巷道底臌的数值模拟研究

卸压法是通过一定的技术手段改变某些部分围岩的物理力学性质,改善围岩内部的应力及能量分布,以此来提高围岩的稳定性的一类方法。对采区巷道底板孔底爆破卸压的数值模拟研究,初步得出了卸压后巷道围岩的位移场和应力场,并对不同卸压方案进行了分析比较,提出了合理的卸压方案。     

深部开采巷道软弱围岩塑性区和剪裂区研究

考虑开挖二次应力场对圆形巷道软弱围岩的实际影响,基于双剪统一强度理论及力学原理,探讨了深部圆形巷道围岩塑性区应力及范围.考虑矿体回采爆破振动,对巷道软弱围岩弹性区域内产生的剪裂区应力进行了研究.最后,利用莫尔-库伦强度理论,推导了深部矿体回采爆破时巷道软弱围岩剪裂区范围,并对它进行了分析.     

深部巷道围岩热-固耦合条件下的变形破坏数值分析

为研究深部巷道围岩热-固耦合条件下的变形破坏特征,根据深部巷道围岩体稳态温度场模型,得出了热-固耦合条件下深部巷道围岩体应力场、位移场及塑性圈半径的解析解,总结了热应力作用下围岩变形破坏的影响因素。借助Comsol Multiphysics多物理场耦合仿真软件对深部巷道围岩进行热-固耦合数值模拟,并将岩石力学参数与温度的关系引入模拟计算,分析了热应力、支护阻力对围岩变形破坏的影响规律。仿真结果显示,围岩热应力场分布呈非线性变化,浅部应力梯度大,深部应力梯度小;当巷内温度低于原岩温度时,热应力为压应力;随原岩温度升高,径向卸压范围及切向应力集中范围扩大,围岩塑性圈宽度和径向位移值有所增大;随巷内支护阻力提高,围岩塑性圈宽度和径向位移值则有所减小。现场试验发现,巷道围岩热应力场、应力场及位移场计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

在破碎岩体中维护采准巷道的试验研究

针对松树镇矿＋490采区运输中巷围岩破碎,变形量大,维护困难的条件。应用巷帮深孔爆破卸压的应力控制法,改变巷道围岩应力分布状态,改进了巷道施工工艺和维护措施,取得了巷道维护的理想效果和经济效益。在破碎岩体中维护采准巷道的试验研究@关玉顺 @杨艳国     

多次爆破作用下巷道围岩累积损伤演化与破裂特征

为研究多次爆破作用下巷道围岩累积损伤演化与破裂特征,建立考虑扰动效应的时效损伤本构模型.二次开发扰动效应的时效损伤本构模型,并建立数值模型验证了开发程序的正确性.将本构模型应用于深部巷道多次爆破开挖的数值模拟中,研究围岩累积损伤演化特征与破裂特征.结果表明：地应力对巷道围岩爆破累积损伤有抑制作用,地应力越大,抑制作用越明显;围岩的损伤程度随爆破扰动次数的增加呈现非线性累积特征,围岩损伤范围也随着爆破荷载作用次数的增加而扩大;巷道围岩近区在多次爆破荷载作用下损伤严重,巷道围岩表层出现破裂现象.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the