高强增韧低密度水泥浆体系的制备

针对低压易漏地层、欠平衡井固井时水泥浆漏失低返和地层伤害等难题,开发了一种高强增韧低密度水泥浆体系.评价了该水泥浆体系的工程性能和水泥石的基本力学性能、体积收缩率及沉降稳定性.结果表明:水泥浆密度为1.17g/cm3时,80℃、24h抗压强度为10MPa,水泥石体积收缩率小,水泥浆沉降稳定性能优越,工程性能满足施工技术要求.微观结构分析表明:增强材料颗粒级配合理,掺入水泥浆体后,可提高水泥石密实度,降低水泥石有害孔隙率.     

MTC固井液二界面胶结强度实验研究

常规水泥浆体系固井二界面胶结强度较低,为了解决这一问题,进行了MTC固井液二界面胶结强度实验研究.结果表明,MTC固化体的体积收缩率远小于水泥石的体积收缩率.与低密度水泥浆体系相比,MTC固化体系与泥饼之间能够实现整体固化胶结,MTC固化体二界面胶结强度受井壁界面性质影响较小,尤其在有一定泥饼存在的情况下更是如此.但由于MTC固化体的抗压强度较低,在地层压力或注入压力较高的井中应谨慎使用.     

高密度高炉矿渣水泥浆固井技术研究

以低密度矿渣水泥浆研究结果为基础,设计高密度水泥浆,使油气井全井段使用矿渣水泥浆固井,以提高固井质量,降低固井成本,以同炉矿渣为水化胶凝材料。添加少量水泥和矿性激活剂结合MTC固井技术和多功能钻井液固井技术,设计密度1.75-1.93g/cm^3的矿渣水泥浆,矿渣MTC浆和矿渣UF浆,对3种高密度矿渣水泥浆在45-75℃条件下水泥石的抗压强度,水泥浆的凝结时间,流变性和稳定性进行试验对比。试验结果表明;3种水泥浆水泥石抗压强度从大到小依次为：矿渣UF浆,矿渣MTC浆,矿渣水泥浆,3种体系水泥石抗压强度满足油气井井下射孔作业对水泥石抗压强度的要求,在45-75℃条件下,随着温度的升高,高密度矿渣水泥浆和矿渣UF浆水泥石抗压强度呈降低趋势,矿渣MTC浆和矿渣UF浆的流变性,稳定性和稠化时间可通过钻井液的加量及性能来调整。     

高密度高炉矿渣水泥浆固井技术研究

以低密度矿渣水泥浆研究结果为基础 ,设计高密度水泥浆 ,使油气井全井段使用矿渣水泥浆固井 ,以提高固井质量 ,降低固井成本 .以高炉矿渣为水化胶凝材料 ,添加少量水泥和碱性激活剂 ,结合 MTC固井技术和多功能钻井液固井技术 ,设计密度 1 .75～ 1 .93 g/cm3 的矿渣水泥浆、矿渣MTC浆和矿渣 UF浆 .对 3种高密度矿渣水泥浆在 45～ 75℃条件下水泥石的抗压强度 ,水泥浆的凝结时间、流变性和稳定性进行试验对比 .试验结果表明 :3种水泥浆水泥石抗压强度从大到小依次为 :矿渣 UF浆 ,矿渣 MTC浆 ,矿渣水泥浆 .3种体系水泥石抗压强度满足油气井井下射孔作业对水泥石抗压强度的要求 .在 45～ 75℃条件下 ,随着温度的升高 ,高密度矿渣水泥浆和矿渣 UF浆水泥石抗压强度呈降低趋势 .矿渣 MTC浆和矿渣 UF浆的流变性、稳定性和稠化时间可通过钻井液的加量及性能来调整     

MTC固井液二界面胶结强度实验研究

常规水泥浆体系固井二界面胶结强度较低，为了解决这一问题，进行了MTC固井液二界面胶结强度实验研究。结果表明，MTC固化体的体积收缩率远小于水泥石的体积收缩率。与低密度水泥浆体系相比，MTC固化体系与泥饼之间能够实现整体固化胶结，MTC固化体二界面胶结强度受井壁界面性质影响较小，尤其在有一定泥饼存在的情况下更是如此。但由于MTC固化体的抗压强度较低，在地层压力或注入压力较高的井中应谨慎使用。     

苏南项目SNX井88.9,mm生产套管固井水泥浆技术

SNX井本层生产套管固井封固段长,且含有低压易漏层,存在漏失风险。由于本井为气井,目的层内的流体为致密砂岩气,故存在气窜的风险。为解决上述固井难题,选用了高强度低密度水泥浆与胶乳水泥浆双凝体系。高强度低密度水泥浆可以减少静液柱压力,降低了漏失的风险,且具有较高的强度;胶乳水泥浆可以有效防止气窜,改善了水泥石的性能,为后期开采提供了强有力的保障。双凝体系优化了固井工艺方案,保证压稳和防漏,现场施工顺利,取得了良好的固井效果。     

脉冲振动固井技术研究

为提高水泥浆胶结质量,防止固井后油气水窜,提出了脉冲振动固井新技术。研制开发了新型脉冲振动固井室内评价装置,通过脉冲振动可以有效地改善水泥浆性能,水泥石的胶结强度平均提高了11%～22%,水泥浆的初凝时间平均缩短了3%,初终凝过渡时间平均缩短了12%～17%,水泥石的抗压强度平均提高了10%～14%,水泥浆稠度系数K平均降低了16%～63%;利用电镜扫描、X射线衍射、压汞实验等分析手段,对比分析了脉冲振动处理后的水泥石微观结构、水化产物和水泥石孔隙特征的变化规律,脉冲振动促进了水泥水化反应,改善了水泥石的微观结构;分析了水泥水化过程中水泥浆失重特性,根据水泥浆静胶凝强度与水泥浆失重的关系,阐述了利用脉冲振动固井技术减少水泥浆失重和防止环空气窜的机理;为实现对候凝过程中的水泥浆实施脉冲振动,研制开发了新型井口脉冲振动固井装置,经过10余口井的现场应用,取得了良好的固井效果。     

活化粉煤灰低密度水泥浆体系研究及应用

粉煤灰本身的化学组成与微观颗粒形态决定了其活性低、水化慢。通过对其进行物理活化,破坏玻璃体表面致密保护层,改善颗粒圆球度,增加颗粒细度;再进行颗粒分级,窄化粒径分布,90%的活化粉煤灰颗粒粒径小于5μm;配合使用化学激活剂,可有效提高粉煤灰活性。扫描电镜显示,活化粉煤灰水泥浆养护24 h的水化产物均匀,其间未有未反应的粉煤灰颗粒。以活化粉煤灰为主要减轻材料,研制开发出性能优良的活化粉煤灰低密度水泥浆体系,其密度在1.45~1.55 g/cm3可调,API失水50 mL,SPN值3,48 h水泥石抗压强度大于15 MPa,水泥浆上下密度差小于0.01 g/cm3。该体系在塔河油田应用30多井次,固井优良率达到80%,有效解决了塔河油田二叠系低压易漏层固井难题。     

脉冲振动对水泥浆性能影响的实验研究

为研究脉冲振动对水泥浆性能的影响,研制开发出液压水泥浆脉冲振动试验评价装置.采用该仪器,可模拟脉冲振动条件,测试不同性能的水泥浆体系经过不同振动频率、振幅的脉冲振动后,脉冲对抗压强度、胶结强度、游离液、初终凝时间等性能的影响.实验结果证明,脉冲振动可以显著改善水泥浆的性能,其中,在0.25—9Hz的振动条件下,水泥石的胶结强度平均提高了11%—22%,水泥浆的初凝时间平均缩短了3%,初终凝过渡时间平均缩短了12%—17%,水泥石的抗压强度平均提高了10%—14%,水泥浆稠度系数K平均降低16%—63%.因此,脉冲振动固井可以显著缩短水泥浆由液态转化为固态的过渡期,减小水泥浆胶凝失重,改善水泥浆胶结质量.     

漂珠低密度水泥浆体系的评价与应用

选择漂珠为减轻剂,可以配制出密度在1.40～1.60 g/cm3的低密度水泥浆体系.该体系流动性较好,具有较高的稳定性、动切力和凝胶强度,在60℃下,失水量小于50 mL,24 h抗压强度大于8.0 MPa.现场实验表明,低密度水泥浆体系可以应用在易漏失井上,能有效地解决这些地区底层压力低,固井时易漏的问题.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.