高强度PAM/PVA互穿网络水凝胶的合成

以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为基体,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为增强体,采用两步水溶液聚合法合成具有较高机械强度的PAM/PVA互穿网络水凝胶.研究PVA、交联剂用量对PAM/PVA互穿网络水凝胶拉伸强度及伸长率的影响,探讨水凝胶的应力松弛及析出PVA对水凝胶的增韧机理.实验表明,制备的互穿网络水凝胶具有较高的机械强度和韧性,最高拉伸强度为2.4 MPa,伸长率为3 000%.最后,采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X-射线衍射(XRD),对PAM/PVA互穿网络水凝胶的结构与形貌进行表征.     

壳聚糖温敏水凝胶埋植释药骨架的共混改造

温敏凝胶是注射埋植释药的理想材料,其强度、表面性质及与细胞的粘附作用,显著影响体内状态和释药。本文通过体外实验研究了在壳聚糖-多聚磷酸盐(CS-GP)温敏溶胶中共混聚乙烯醇(PVA)、甲基纤维素(MC)、明胶(GL),对相变速率、强度、表面性质、水含量及细胞粘附作用的影响。3种高分子均可加速凝胶转化,PVA和MC效果优于GL;均可提高凝胶强度,PVA效果最显著;均可减小凝胶表面正电荷,GL效果最显著;GL和PVA可显著提高凝胶表面亲水性及凝胶水中结合水比例,使细胞粘附率降低50%以上。上述效果可有效减少体内细胞对凝胶的侵蚀,保持凝胶结构,对控制药物释放具有重要意义。     

pH敏感型聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖互穿网络水凝胶的溶胀及载药释药性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CS)为原料,采用物理交联与化学交联相结合的工艺,即通过循环冷冻—解冻法结合京尼平交联法,制备了具有互穿网络结构(IPN)的PVA/CS复合水凝胶,研究了pH值对其溶胀率的影响;选用氯霉素为模型药物,探讨了PVA/CS水凝胶在模拟胃液(SGF)和模拟肠液(SIF)中的载药、释药性能.结果表明,PVA/CS IPN水凝胶在酸性条件下具有较高的溶胀率,而在碱性条件下,溶胀率较小;其载药量、释药量都随着复合水凝胶中PVA含量的增大而增大;且在SGF中的药物释放率高于SIF的释放率;在SGF中的药物释放速率随着组分中PVA含量的增加而增大.     

壳聚糖基水凝胶药物控制释放体系

水凝胶具有良好的亲水性,充分膨胀后具有与机体组织相似的物理性质,如柔软、有弹性、与生物液之间的界面张力低等。另外,水凝胶还具有孔径、机械强度和尺寸可调性等优点,适于作为药物控制释放的载体形式。壳聚糖是一种天然高分子材料,具有生物活性、良好的生物相容性、完全可降解性及无毒性等优点,是良好的药物控制释放载体材料。以壳聚糖为基材,通过物理方法或化学方法,可制备出pH敏感型、温敏型、光敏型等多种形式、不同性能的水凝胶。就壳聚糖基水凝胶的制备方法进行了详细地论述,包括通过物理作用形成水凝胶的方法及通过化学交联作用制备水凝胶的方法,探讨了壳聚糖基水凝胶对药物的担载和释放,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

交联NFC/PVA水凝胶的制备及对重金属吸附研究

使用戊二醛做交联剂,将羧基化的纳纤化纤维素(NFC)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)通过化学交联,制备出含羧基的NFC/PVA复合水凝胶,对水凝胶进行了红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析、含水率等表征,研究了NFC/PVA复合水凝胶对重金属离子的吸附性能。结果表明,水凝胶内部呈多孔结构,PVA的加入提高了水凝胶的热稳定性,戊二醛交联增强了水凝胶的机械强度,交联剂用量为2%时,复合水凝胶对重金属离子的吸附效果最好。     

医用聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及性能

采用反复冷冻、融化的方法制备了不同浓度、相同循环次数的聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶和相同浓度、不同循环次数的PVA水凝胶。测试了PVA水凝胶的拉伸性能、溶胀率,再溶胀动力学。结果表明,拉伸强度随PVA含量的增加而增加;当浓度相同、循环次数不同时,再溶胀率随循环次数的增加而增加;当达到一个峰值时,随循环次数的增加而降低;当循环次数相同、浓度不同时,再溶胀率随浓度的增加而增加;当达到一个峰值时,随浓度的增加而降低。用物理交联和化学交联的方法制备了PVA/PAA互穿网络水凝胶,测试再溶胀行为,发现PVA/PAA互穿网络水凝胶具有温度敏感性。     

PVA/淀粉接枝P(AA-AM)互穿网络水凝胶的合成与性能研究

以马铃薯淀粉、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,三氯化铝为交联剂,利用水溶液法制备PVA/淀粉接枝AA、AM互穿网络水凝胶(PVA/St-g-P(AA-AM)IPN)。红外光谱(FT-IR)分析表明,PVA与St-g-P(AA-AM)间形成较强的氢键或部分共聚反应。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,当PVA用量较少时,PVA能均匀的穿插于凝胶网络中,形成完善的互穿网络结构;当PVA用量过多时,有部分的PVA结晶出现。水凝胶性能测试结果表明,随PVA用量增加水凝胶的吸水率先增大后减小,抗压缩强度不断升高,压缩应变持续降低,对蒸馏水的最大吸水率为650 g.g-1,在60min内达到溶胀平衡,保水性良好;水凝胶在pH<4时几乎不发生溶胀,在pH=12附近出现体积突变,表现出敏感的pH响应性。     

羟丙基壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇凝胶的制备与释药性能

以羟丙基壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇为原料,制备羟丙基壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇互穿网络水凝胶并研究其药物释放性能.考察羟丙基壳聚糖质量浓度、聚乙烯醇与羟丙基壳聚糖质量比、交联剂用量等因素对羟丙基壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇互穿网络水凝胶溶胀性能的影响;测定凝胶对温度和pH的敏感性;以利巴韦林为模型研究凝胶对药物的释放性能.结果表明:该水凝胶具有良好的溶胀性、温度及pH敏感性,对利巴韦林有一定的缓释作用,可望用于新型的药物载体.     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖互穿网络水凝胶的制备及溶胀性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CS)为主要原料,采用物理交联与化学交联相结合的制备工艺,即通过循环冷冻—解冻法结合京尼平交联法,制备了具有互穿网络结构(IPN)的聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖复合水凝胶,并分别通过红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了其分子结构和形态结构;探讨了不同制备工艺对复合水凝胶溶胀性能的影响,并将其与单一原料常规工艺制备的水凝胶作对比.结果表明,与单一原料常规工艺制备的水凝胶相比,具有IPN结构的水凝胶在溶胀性能上表现出更好的稳定性.最佳制备工艺为京尼平用量4%,反应温度55℃,冷冻—解冻循环3次.     

pH敏感性水凝胶的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,通过化学引发聚合制备了具有互穿网络结构的聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸(PVA/PAA)水凝胶.用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构、热稳定性和形貌进行了表征.研究了溶胀动力学,探讨了pH及盐浓度对水凝胶溶胀性能的影响,考察了该凝胶在不同pH介质中对药物异烟肼的控制释放行为.结果表明,PVA/PAA水凝胶具有良好的pH敏感性和离子强度敏感性,其在pH=1.20的缓冲溶液中对异烟肼的累积释放率明显大于在pH=7.40和pH=6.86的缓冲溶液中.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme