纳米银枝晶的电沉积及结构表征

采用恒电位电沉积法,选择十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,在Ti基体上制备了具有树枝状结构的纳米银。X-射线衍射试验表明银纳米枝状体为单晶结构,属于面心立方晶系。运用扫描电镜对枝晶的形貌特征进行观察分析,通过高分辨透射电子显微术对枝晶的晶格结构进行表征,发现枝晶表面由{111}晶面组成,主干和分支互成60°分别沿110方向生长,枝晶的{111}晶面形成多次孪晶结构。树枝状晶体形态的产生符合分形生长机理。     

嵌段共聚物刷稳定的纳米银粒子的制备与表征

制备了链中间含三硫代酯基团的苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯嵌段共聚物刷保护的纳米银(Ag NPs)粒子.首先采用可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法制备苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯三嵌段共聚物PS-b-PBA-b-PS,然后以PS-b-PBA-b-PS为稳定剂,硼氢化钠(NaBH4)为还原剂,原位还原硝酸银得到嵌段共聚物刷保护的纳米银粒子.用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)、GPC等方法对聚合物进行了表征,用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对纳米银复合粒子进行了表征.结果表明,含三硫代酯基团的聚合物不必经过还原和水解成巯基,可直接作为配体制备稳定的纳米银粒子,粒子粒径分布均匀,分散性好.     

分形生长的新模型

为研究分形生长在实际工程中的应用问题，从分形产生的机理出发，突破传统的纯计算机模拟模型(如DLA、DMB和Eden模型等)，应用第一原理分析了分形结构形成的过程，从普遍意义上提出了新的分形生长模型，并推导出分形生长结构的标度关系。最后介绍了分形生长结构具有的特点及其对实际工程的重要指导意义。     

柔性有机硅疏水涂层的制备及其抑菌活性

为了提高有机硅材料(PDMS)的表面抑菌活性,通过在其表面共价键合富含巯基的二氧化硅微球,并利用巯基的还原性原位生长纳米银,实现在有机硅表面自组装纳米银二氧化硅微球的疏水涂层(WCA=90.33°)。选用大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌)和枯草芽孢杆菌(革兰氏阳性菌)作为测试菌种,通过菌落计数法和活/死细菌染色法研究疏水涂层对细菌的抑制作用。研究结果表明:SiO2@AgNPs与PDMS的复合材料可以有效抑制细菌生长,并不抑制人类细胞的生长。     

纳米银的制备与表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂,采用硼氢化钠还原硝酸银的方法制备纳米银.通过比较不同制备条件下得到的纳米银的紫外-可见吸收特性探究了硝酸银浓度、硼氢化钠浓度及PVP浓度对纳米银粒径的影响.采用电子透射电镜表征了纳米银的形貌.结果表明:AgNO_3浓度为0.02 mol/L、NaBH_4含量为0.03%及PVP含量为2%的实验条件下可制得分散均匀,平均粒径在10～15 nm之间的球形纳米银颗粒.     

纳米银在小鼠体内的组织分布

将分散在生理盐水中的纳米银以尾静脉注射的方式注入小鼠体内,采用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)法检测其在小鼠体内的组织分布情况,并利用DAS药物动力学软件分析其在血液中的动力学参数.实验结果显示:纳米银经尾静脉注射进入小鼠体内后,血液中的w(Ag)在染毒1 h内呈快速下降趋势,其后的24 h内w(Ag)处于平稳状态;纳米银在体内的消除半衰期为22.8 h,分布容积为26.8 L/kg;进入体内的纳米银可随血液循环快速分布到全身各脏器,6 h后即可在小鼠的多个主要脏器中检测到银的存在,其中脾脏中的w(Ag)约为203μg/g;滞留在体内的银主要分布在肝脏和脾脏中.由此可见,纳米银具有较高的组织亲和力,肝脏和脾脏可能是纳米银的主要蓄积作用靶器官.     

微结构分维与孔隙率及抗压强度的关系

以交河故城崖体土为研究对象,借助扫描电镜(SEM)手段和分形几何方法,研究了土的微结构分形(包括平面分形和粒度分形).研究表明:崖体土的平面分形维数为1.592～1.793,平均值为1.731;粒度分形维数为1.915～2.655,平均值为2.340.根据最小二乘法,研究了分形维数与土的孔隙率及抗压强度之间的关系.结果表明:交河崖体土的平面分彤维数与其孔隙率及抗压强度呈线性相关,而粒度分形维数与孔隙率及抗压强度旱幂指数关系.该研究成果为通过微结构分形表征土的孔隙性及抗压强度提供了依据.     

用2-巯基吡啶做分子探针SERRS光谱测定痕量金

以PEG10000和柠檬酸三钠做稳定剂,硼氢化钠作还原剂,制备稳定的纳米银溶胶.在pH6.6的磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液和氯化钠的存在下,纳米银形成较稳定的聚集纳米银溶胶,2-巯基吡啶(MP)吸附在纳米银聚集体表面并在1 002 cm-1处有一个较强的表面增强共振拉曼散射(SERRS)峰.当加入Au3+时,可导致MP在1 002 cm-1处的SERRS峰强度线性降低.在选定条件下,Au3+在0.5～3.0 nmol/L与SERRS峰强度的降低值呈良好线性关系.据此建立了一种简单快速测定Au3+的SERRS定量分析方法.     

纳米银/石墨烯SERS基底的制备及石墨烯作用机制

以乙醇为溶剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为模版剂、以两层石墨烯为平台,采用溶剂热法制备纳米银/石墨烯表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)复合基底,分析石墨烯的作用机制。结果表明:制备的复合基底为70 nm的纳米银多面体附着在表面皱褶的石墨烯上,纳米银多面体为面心立方体;以R6G的1361 cm~(-1)峰计算,SERS增强因子为1.45×10~8,拉曼强度I_(SERS)=5.214lgc+60.67;少层石墨烯的荧光淬灭及自身增强作用,和纳米银粒径增加及高表面能晶面增多,使石墨烯复合基底表现出优异且稳定的表面增强性能。     

小金属粒子的集团—集团生长

根据“分形”理论,对在M.A.Listvan的文章(Detemination of Time Dependence ofDomain Growth by Direct Observation of Small Metal Cluster.Surf Sci,1986,173:294—309)中所提出的小金粒子生长实验结果作了深入研究.研究结果发现,金超微粒的生长过程是以集团-集团生长为主要形式的生长过程.而且这种生长过程具有很好的自相似分形特征.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.