城际动车组铝合金制动盘热应力场仿真分析

制动盘温度和热应力分布对制动盘寿命和制动性能有着极其重要的影响.本文建立制动盘热固耦合有限元模型考虑了热流密度和对流换热系数随时间的变化,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件,采用直接耦合的方法,对初速度200 km/h城际动车组铝合金制动轮盘在紧急制动时的温度场和热应力场进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明,制动盘最高温度发生在制动后43 s,最大值为244℃;制动盘最大应力是243 MPa,出现在第65 s,铝基复合材料能满足制动盘温度、强度性能要求,也能满足该城际动车组的运行要求.     

带有ABS系统的汽车制动效能的研究

基于制动过程的能量转换及摩擦生热,通过对盘式制动器实际工作条件的分析和理论计算,建立了紧急制动过程中制动盘与摩擦片瞬态温度场分析的有限元模型.采用直接热力耦合有限元方法来分析制动器摩擦热的产生及其温度的瞬态分布.讨论在汽车制动时ABS系统对汽车制动效能的影响.     

盘式制动器旋转结合面的热-结构耦合特性

为探索盘式制动器制动盘与制动片之间的摩擦生热规律及其热流分配规律,应用有限元软件对汽车紧急制动过程进行模拟,研究了制动器在制动过程中温度场、应力场的分布规律及其变化特征.研究结果表明:在制动过程中,系统的应力场和温度场分布都不均匀,二者沿径向和轴向都有较大的梯度,而沿周向的梯度相对较小;由于热应力和机械应力的作用,制动盘会发生热变形,从而使接触状态改变,并导致压力分布的变化,而接触压力的变化反过来又影响摩擦热流的输入;制动盘的变形既是温度场和应力场耦合作用的结果,也是振动摩擦耦合作用的结果.     

汽车制动系统温度场及内部流场仿真分析

为研究制动系统在制动过程中温度场对制动系统内部流场的影响,采用理论分析和三维模拟分析的方法,运用Ansys软件对制动盘、制动块等进行三维建模,分析在制动过程中其温度场的变化;建立制动系统液压管路的简化三维模型,运用Fluent软件分别对单相制动液、制动液与空气的流动情况进行仿真,并对结果进行分析.研究结果表明:温度在制动盘与制动块上均呈现渐变的趋势,其中制动盘上的温度要远远大于制动块上的温度;制动系统内部流场为制动液与空气相混合的两相流状态,其内部流场相对于单相流时呈现出不稳定的状态,制动压力分布不均匀.研究结论分析了产生这样结果的原因,为汽车制动系统的优化提供一个方向.     

紧急制动工况下汽车通风盘式制动器瞬态温度场分布的研究

以某乘用车前轮采用的通风盘式制动器为研究对象,建立其热-结构耦合的3维有限元分析模型.在此基础上采用直接耦合法对该通风盘式制动器在紧急制动工况下的瞬态温度场进行仿真分析,获得整个通风式制动盘和摩擦片在紧急制动过程中温度场的分布情况及变化特性.结果显示:在整个紧急制动过程中,制动盘温度场的分布不是轴对称的,其在径向、周向及轴向3个方向上均存在着一定的温度梯度; 制动盘的最高温度出现在1.91 s,最高温度为227.1 ℃.同时对该通风盘式制动器进行了与仿真分析相同制动工况下的台架试验,所获得的实验结果与仿真计算结果基本一致,从而验证了仿真分析的有效性,为通风盘式制动器的设计及优化提供了理论基础.     

仿生制动盘热-结构耦合场的ANSYS仿真分析

汽车制动盘在紧急制动下易发生热衰退导致的制动性能失效现象,从而引起事故的频繁发生.基于昆虫体表因具有非光滑表面结构而表现出的耐磨特性,构建了制动盘表面微结构仿生模型.根据热分析理论,对模型进行了不同初始速度下摩擦制动过程中瞬态温度场的仿真分析,研究了仿生制动盘表面微结构对散热性能的影响.结果表明:表面具有微凹坑结构的制动盘表现出较好的散热性能,利于制动性能的提高;这源于凹坑结构更易储存空气,能够实现制动盘与周围空气的快速换热,利于制动热量的迅速散失,从而有效降低因温度骤然升高而引起的热疲劳和热磨损.     

高铁制动盘不同分布热裂纹应力强度因子计算

为研究裂纹间的相互作用关系,应用扩展有限元法对高速列车制动盘进行热疲劳裂纹应力强度因子计算。采用有限元软件ABAQUS仿真计算得出制动盘在制动过程中的瞬态温度场及应力场,并将两组平行裂纹置于制动盘表面最高温度分布区域内,最后在线弹性断裂力学的框架下进行热疲劳裂纹应力强度因子计算。仿真结果表明:初速度为400 km/h的一次紧急制动模式下计算出制动盘峰值温度为638. 4℃,周向残余应力为375. 5 MPa。裂纹的径向与周向距离很小时,两裂纹尖端表现为屏蔽作用。随着其间距的增大屏蔽作用相应减弱。两条错位平行裂纹随着其径向距离的增加,尖端应力强度因子在小范围内会相互增强。     

通风盘式制动器热机耦合理论建模与分析

针对制动盘内外侧壁厚不等的通风盘式制动器,基于实测制动副摩擦系数一相对速度试验数据,建立了3维瞬态热-机耦合理论模型及有限元模型,分析了紧急制动工况下制动盘瞬态温度场和法向应力场在径向、周向和法向的分布特征,以及制动盘侧面热弹性变形和厚薄差变化规律.在台架试验中利用热电偶和非接触式位移计测量了制动盘表面温度和热弹性变形,仿真计算结果与试验结果具有良好的一致性,研究结果表明:制动盘瞬态温度、法向应力、热弹性变形之间存在复杂的耦合关系,这主要是由于制动盘通风槽和内、外侧壁厚不等的结构特点以及摩擦、热、机械的相互作用所致.     

不同表面凸起单元制动盘的热应力仿真分析

高速列车制动盘工作环境温度高,易产生热裂纹,影响行车安全.本文研究了光滑型、堤坝型、球型等具有不同形状表面凸起单元的制动盘的散热情况,基于热固耦合原理,对其进行热应力仿真分析.结果表明:表面带凸起的制动盘,其温度、应力变化率较大,常规光滑型制动盘温度、应力变化率较小;制动结束后,表面带凸起的制动盘温度、应力都低于光滑型制动盘,且温度、热应力降比均高于光滑型制动盘,3种制动盘温度降比分别为16.8%、27.3%、71.7%,应力降比分别为23.7%、46.1%、55.4%.制动盘表面的凸起单元,增加了热量消散的连通通道,可有效改善制动盘的散热效果,使制动后制动盘温度和应力值降低.     

铝基复合制动盘闸片开发及试验

为开发与SiC颗粒增强铝基复合制动盘匹配使用的闸片,设计了金属系和陶瓷系两种配方的闸片.闸片经由传统工艺和微孔工艺两种工艺成型,并进行了小样惯性缩比试验、定速摩擦试验,1∶1台架试验及噪声测试.结果表明,陶瓷系微孔工艺成型的J65-217c闸片在紧急制动、常用制动、模拟线路制动工况下的平均摩擦系数及静摩擦系数,满足城轨车辆要求,磨耗量0.58 cm~3·MJ~(-1),制动盘最高温度不超过400℃,常用制动噪声为79.3～93.4 dB(A).此外,通过减少金属填料增加陶瓷成分,可有效降低闸片摩擦系数的波动和磨耗;传统工艺闸片较微孔工艺闸片磨耗略低;摩擦系数-速度曲线的负斜率特性和微孔成型技术有利于降低闸片制动噪声,制动力越大噪声越大;小尺寸试样比实物闸片的摩擦系数波动性小.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.