高效率射频功率放大器线性化技术的比较研究

功率放大器广泛用于通信系统和各种电子设备中，设计功率放大器时减小其非线性失真是一个必须考虑的问题。章对射频功率放大器的主要几种线性化技术进行了比较，着重分析了带有失真反馈的前馈技术和预失真技术，并浅析了今后射频系统线性化技术的发展趋势。     

预失真线性化技术原理分析

对两种基本型式的预失真线性化技术——数字基带预失真和射频预失真的组成原理进行了详尽的分析.结果表明,这两种技术具有线性度高、收敛速度快和便于实现等特点,因此可用于对移动发射机中的功率放大器进行线性化.图4,参8.     

自适应预失真射频功率放大器线性化

提出了新的带外信号检测方法和自适应模拟预失真线性化技术，并应用于CDMA直放站的5W自适应射频线性功率放大器，通过自适应检测和自适应预失真控制，有效抑制临信道频谱再生，使输出信号的3阶和5阶交调失真分别改善8dBc和6dBc。     

基于OFDM系统的射频功率放大器线性化的研究

首先对射频线性功率放大器在OFDM系统中的重要性作了简单叙述,然后重点论述了两种主要的线性化方法——预失真和前馈,并在ADS环境中对它们进行了仿真实现．     

基于DTMB的半自动预失真器的设计与实现

针对DTMB标准中OFDM信号高PAPR的问题,为了降低射频功率放大器的非线性特性对OFDM信号产生的不良影响,并提高射频功率放大器的工作效率,通过在DTMB信道处理系统中引入预失真技术,实际采集射频功率放大器的非线性特性曲线,结合查询表技术的预失真器补偿方式,实现对射频功放非线性失真的有效抵消.最终测试表明,该半自动预失真器能够实现较好的预失真补偿功能.     

功率放大器非线性失真的Volterra级数分析

讨论了功率放大器的非线性现象及其对通信系统的影响,运用Volterra级数分析了MESFET功率放大器的非线性失真,并阐述了非线性参数以及源阻抗和负载阻抗对交调失真的影响,为功率放大器的线性化研究提供了参考.     

采用射频预失真的新型大功率Doherty功放设计与实现

针对大功率射频功率放大器在设计研制上都存在较大困难,特别是大功率难匹配,实现大功率后线性度差、效率低等问题,设计一种适用于无线通信基站系统的二路大功率Doherty功率放大器。采用新型射频预失真芯片构建高集成度的线性化电路,改善该功率放大器的线性。仿真结果表明,在饱和功率回退6 dB时,该功率放大器平均输出功率可达到100 W,效率可达到44.158%,从而实现高效率和大功率的输出;加入预失真电路后,功放线性改善了20 dB。实测结果验证了仿真的一致性。     

数字预失真技术设计及实现

预失真技术是克服功率放大器非线性失真的一种很有效的方法.采用最小二乘法(LS)算法的预失真技术可以获得很好的功率放大器线性化性能,但是其中的矩阵求逆运算在硬件上实现比较困难.论文采用坐标旋转数字计算算法(CORDIC)实现QR分解,并应用在预失真技术中,获得了较好的放大器线性化性能.通过在可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)硬件平台上的仿真,验证了方法的可行性和有效性.     

延时估计偏差对多项式预失真的影响

延时估计偏差通常会严重影响射频(RF)功率放大器预失真技术的性能.通过对预失真技术中延时估计偏差的理论分析,发现若要保证存在延时估计偏差时预失真器仍能实现放大器的线性化,则设计的预失真器应是理论上理想预失真器的一个延时版本;并提出一种记忆多项式模型用于放大器的预失真.仿真结果表明,采用记忆多项式模型比一般多项式模型对延时估计偏差有更强的鲁棒性.     

预失真与前馈在功率放大器中的结合使用

高功率放大器会对信号产生交调失真,为了提高信息传递的效率和准确性,需要对其进行线性化。在功率放大器的线性化方法中,预失真和前馈是最常用的手段。而两种技术都具有各自的特点,为了使功率放大器达到超线性的要求,文中探讨了将两者结合起来的方法,从而更好地抑制放大器的非线性失真。经过设计与优化,最终在ADS里通过仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the