tritordeum花粉特异性表达的遗传分析

为明确转基因tritordeum中被外源uidA基因标记的启动子的调控特异性,对筛选到的一株标记材料进行了两代uidA基因的遗传表达分析,结果表明,后代材料基因组中都含有uidA基因,没有发生分离,且都只在花粉中检测到GUS活性,在其他组织没有检测到GUS活性.进一步RT-PCR分析显示uidA基因在根和叶中没有发生转录,说明该株材料为花粉特异性启动子被uidA基因标记的阳性纯合体,实验证明该特异性能稳定遗传.     

拟南芥ACOS5基因启动子的克隆和表达载体构建

花药组织特异性启动子在花药发育的分子遗传学中有重要的研究价值.采用PCR方法克隆了1kb长度的ACOS5基因启动子,并将其连入含有GFP基因的拟南芥表达载体p1300中.电激转化农杆菌GV3101后,通过农杆菌介导转化拟南芥,获得转基因植株.显微观察显示,转基因植物花药只在绒毡层中有荧光表达.这说明ACOS5基因启动子可以在拟南芥花药中驱动外源GFP基因的特异性表达.     

通过瞬间表达测定植物花药花粉特异基因启动子的时空表达式

通过瞬间表达快速测定了ＴＡ２９和Ｚｍ１３启动子在一些植物中的时空表达性，结果表明，ＴＡ２９启动子在烟草和番茄的花药中具有地空表达性，而Ｚｍ１３启动子在油菜花粉中无任何表达，这为一些植物构建或转化不育和恢复基因提供了理论依据。     

一个水稻花发育特异性启动子的克隆与活性分析

用PCR方法从水稻中克隆了EXPANSIN家族基因OsEXPB1的启动子,利用PLACE软件在线分析其上游2.7kb的序列,发现存在2种与花粉特异性表达有关的顺式作用元件.将该启动子与GUS报告基因融合,构建重组表达载体并转移到水稻中,对水稻各组织进行GUS染色.结果显示:水稻幼嫩组织中均有GUS染色信号;进入生殖生长期后,在营养组织中均没有检测到GUS的表达;只在花器官中检测到GUS信号,在花发育晚期,GUS信号则主要出现在花粉粒中.荧光实时定量PCR进一步验证了GUS染色的结果.综上所述,在水稻成熟植株中,OsEXPB1启动子是一个花发育特异性启动子,可为利用水稻生殖生长期的花特异性表达启动子来进行转基因实验提供备选.     

水稻磷转运蛋白基因OsPht1;6启动子表达载体转化系统的建立

通过PCR从粳稻（Oryza sativa L.cv.ssp.Japonica）的总DNA中扩增出一个磷转运蛋白基因（Phosphates transporter1；6；OsPht1；6，accession no AF536966）的启动子序列.以此为基础与二元表达载体PS1aG-3构建含Pht1；6启动子的植物表达载体，并通过根癌农杆菌介导转化了水稻武运粳7号品种.同时，对其愈伤组织高效再生体系和影响报告基因GUS瞬时表达的各种因素也做了比较研究.结果表明：①诱导水稻武运粳7号品种愈伤形成，3 mg/L 2，4-D的生长素浓度最适宜；②GUS基因高瞬时表达频率的条件为：工程菌液的浓度OD600值为0.7-0.8，浸染时间30 min，共培养时间3 d.利用这些再生转化条件，以EHA105为菌株转化浸染愈伤组织，获得了较高频率的Pht1；6启动子驱动的GUS基因瞬时表达.这些方法都有效地提高了抗性愈伤组织的形成率，该实验获得了转基因植株，经PCR检测，证实已将目的基因整合到水稻的基因组中.     

外源基因在转基因油菜后代中的表达及遗传学分析

以转基因油菜后代（Ｒ１和Ｒ２代）株系为材料，系统地研究了苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因ＣｒｙⅠＡ和选择标记基因ｎｐｔⅡ导入油菜后的遗传规律，表达强度和抗虫效应。结果表明：Ｒ１代卡那霉素抗性为３：１分离方式，在Ｒ２代卡那霉素抗性植株中，有三分之一为ｎｐｔⅡ基因纯合型（Ｔ：Ｔ）另三分二为复合型（Ｔ：Ｏ），其遗传方式符合孟德尔单因子显性遗传；转化植株可耐受１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ那卡霉素的选择压力，约一半的转化植株具有杀     

大肠杆菌caiE基因的克隆与高效表达

用聚合酶链反应（PCR）从大肠杆菌K12s中扩增大肠杆菌肉碱代谢相关酶基因cai E,将其克隆到克隆载体pBluescripy SK中，测序表明：该基因有612bp，与文献报道相比，有10个核苷酸不同，相应的翻译氨基酸有6个相异，将该基因重组到ColE1为复制子，T7为启动子控制下的分泌型表达载体pET-22b( )中，构建表达质粒pETCaiE，重组到载体pACYC184中构建以p15A为复制子，Lac为启动子的表达质粒pACYC-CaiE；重组到载体pWSK129中，构建以pSC101为复制子，T7为启动子的表达质粒pSC-CaiE。上述表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），经1mmol/L异丙基硫代－β－D－半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导后，均可表达，SDS－PAGE分析表明表达蛋白分子质量约26ku，表达量占菌体总蛋白质的比例分别为pETCaiE30%,pACYC-CaiE8%,pSC-CaiE5%。     

转几丁质酶基因烟草后代的遗传分析

本论文采用分子检测(PCR扩增、PCR-Southern杂交)与表型检测(接真菌实验、酶活力测定)相结合的手段，对花粉管通道法及载体法导入几丁质酶基因烟草后代的遗传表现进行研究。结果证明通过不同方法导入受体细胞基因组中的外源基因均能遗传给后代，并能在转化受体当代及后代中高效表达。但采用花粉管通道法导入的外源基因虽然能够遗传给后代，但分离比复杂，遗传规律性较差。而载体法导入的外源基因T1代x^2检测符合3：1的遗传分离比，遗传稳定性要好于DNA直接导入。因此，建立良好的遗传转化系统是外源基因稳定遗传和表达的前提。     

拟南芥器官大小调控基因AtKIX8启动子的克隆和表达分析

为研究拟南芥器官大小调控基因AtKIX8的表达模式,以期进一步研究其功能机制,克隆了该基因启动子序列,获取了启动子-GUS转基因报告植株.利用GUS组织化学染色检测了该启动子作用位置,利用荧光定量PCR分析了启动子对外源激素及冷胁迫的响应.结果表明该启动子诱导GUS基因在幼苗茎尖分生区,成株茎、叶主脉中特异性表达,生长素和低温处理显著提高GUS基因的表达量.说明拟南芥AtKIX8基因启动子具备组织特异性表达模式,且能受到外源生长素和低温的诱导.     

根癌农杆菌介导的绿色荧光蛋白基因在水稻植株中的表达

将改良的绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因插入到植物表达载体中，构建了ubi启动子驱动下的植物表达载体p13UEGFP．通过根癌农杆菌介导转化水稻的胚性愈伤组织，经潮霉素筛选，获得抗性愈伤组织和再生植株．对T2代植株进行PCR分析、激光共聚焦显微镜检测和RT—PCR分析，结果表明，绿色荧光蛋白基因已经在转基因植株中稳定表达．     

Activity of the truncated promoter of pollen-specific G9 gene of cotton and the transgenic recessive nuclei-sterile tobacco

A 557 bp fragment from the translation initiation site of the G9 gene expressed in maturing pollens of cotton was isolated from genomic DNA of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. “Zhongkang 17”, and two expression vectors for plant transformation were constructed via fusing this fragment with β-glucuronidase gene (Gus) and cytotoxin gene Barnase. The promoter activity of this fragment was demonstrated via transient expression of Gus gene in cotton and by the integrated expression of Barnase gene in tobacco. This promoter can initiate the expression of exogenous gene specifically and efficiently in plant pollen. The transgenic tobacco plant containing G9-Barnase fusion gene showed the characteristics of recessive nuclei-sterility.     

Influence of DNA methylation on transgene expression

DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression in eukaryote. But DNA methylation of transgene usually leads to target gene silencing in plant genetic engineering. In this research, reporter gene b-glu- curonidase (GUS) gene ( uidA ) was introduced into tobaccos via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, and the foreign uidA gene became inactive in some transgenic tobaccos. No mRNA of uidA was detected in these plants by Northern blotting analysis, and DNA methylation of promoter region was found. The results indicated that gene silencing might be caused by DNA methylation of promoter.     

Isolation of a pollen specific promoter in tritordeum

The promoter is a cis-acting element in regulating gene expression. A promoterless plasmid containing UidA gene was transformed into tritordeum by barmbadment. Histochemical analysis of various tissues in transgenic tritordeum was carried to examine tissue-specific expression of GUS(beta-glucuronidase) activity. The pollen-specific promoter was trapped and identified successfully in a transformant line. PCR(polymerase chain reaction) method was used to isolate this pollen-specific promoter. By sequencing and analyzing the amplified fragment from PCR, a part of UidA gene and a flanking sequence were obtained. Some essential elements of plant promoters were found in the sequence. To determine the function of it, the cloned fragment was fused with UidA gene, then cloned and transformed into Triticum durum. The transgenic plant transformed by this vector showed GUS expression only in pollen. Therefore a pollen-specific promoter was isolated successfully.     

Effect of 5'-deletion of Arabi-dopsis profilin2 promoter on its vascular specific expression

Based on the published sequence of profilin2 promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana, a full-length promoter (1667 bp) was amplified by PCR. The 5' -end deletion fragments with length of 1380, 1153, 969 and 597 bp were then fused with gus (uidA.) gene respectively. Constructed plant expression vectors were individually transferred into Kalan-choe laciniata and transgenic plants regenerated. GUS his-tochemical assay confirmed that the full-length promoter Pfn1.7 was vascular-specific. Deletion assays showed that profilin2 promoter could be divided into three parts. Deletion of fragment 1 ( -1667--1380 bp) resulted in constitutive expression, suggesting that element(s) responsible for vascular-specific expression might exist in this region. Fragment 2 located at -1153 - -597 bp strongly inhibited gus gene expression. Fragment 3 ( -597 - -1 bp) is considered as a basic domain of profilin2.     

Effect of 5′-deletion ofArabidopsis profilin2 promoter on its vascular specific expression

Based on the published sequence of profilin2 promoter ofArabidopsis thaliana, a full-length promoter (1667 bp) was amplified by PCR. The 5′-end deletion fragments with length of 1380, 1153, 969 and 597 bp were then fused withgus (uidA) gene respectively. Constructed plant expression vectors were individually transferred intoKalanchoe laciniata and transgenic plants regenerated. GUS histochemical assay confirmed that the full-length promoter Pfn1.7 was vascular-specific. Deletion assays showed that profilin2 promoter could be divided into three parts. Deletion of fragment 1 (−1667—−1380 bp) resulted in constitutive expression, suggesting that element(s) responsible for vascular-specific expression might exist in this region. Fragment 2 located at −1153—−597 bp strongly inhibitedgus gene expression. Fragment 3 (−597—−1 bp) is considered as a basic domain of profilin2.     

Cre-lox重组系统介导转基因烟草中外源基因删除的研究

对Cre在转基因个体中介导的重组效率进行了研究。构建了含有Cre基因（p35 S-Cre)和GUS基因侧翼含同向loxP位点的（loxP-p35S-GUS-loxP)两种植物表达载体。以共转化的技术将两种基因元件同时转化烟草得到转基因植株,根据对共转化植株GUS基因的活性分析、分子检测、PCR检测及对重组后扩增DNA片段进行序列分析表明：Cre-loxP重组系统在转基因烟草中能精确高效地介导转基因的删除,但也存在部分植株不能完全删除的现象。     

Isolation of a strong matrix attachment region (MAR) and identification of its function in vitro and in vivo

Inclusion of MARs in transgene cassettes enhances their expression and reduces position-effect variations in the transgenic host. Four new MARs (TM2, TM3, AM1 and AM2) were isolated from tobacco and Arabidopsis by PCR method. The nuclei isolated from suspension- cultured cells of rice were used to prepare nuclear matrix. With a characterized MAR (TM1) as a positive control, the Matrix-MAR interactions were tested by an in vitro binding assay to identify the DNA sequences as MARs and their binding strength to nuclear matrix in vitro was compared. The results showed that TM2 and TM3 had stronger binding strength than TM1. To determine the functions of the four new MARs in vivo, binary vectors pBI121 carrying a uidA GUS reporter gene were modified with direct repeat MARs inserted on both sides of the reporter gene cassette and were transferred into tobaccos via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure. Quantitative GUS assays of the transgenic tobaccos showed that when flanking a GUS reporter gene TM1, TM2, TM3 and AM1 increased uidA GUS gene expression level approximately 1.5-fold, 5-fold, 1.35-fold, 1.3-fold respectively and AM2 has no effect on gene expression. TM2 was found to be a strong MAR that could effectively increase gene expression level and could be used as an effective enhancing element to construct high efficient expression vectors. In this note the relations among the sequence features, binding strength in vitro and function in vivo of the five MARs were analyzed, and the potential significance of TM2 in plant genetic engineering was dis- cussed.     

Identification of a bi-directional promoter from Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus

A bi-directional promoter of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) was obtained with the total DNA from TYLCCNV isolate Y10 infected tobacco leaves as a template. Plant expression vectors were constructed by fusing the amplified DNA fragment with the gus gene and nopaline terminator in different orientations. The vectors containing promoter fragments were transferred into leaf cells and plant stems of Nicotiana benthamiana by Agrobacterium-mediated method. Transient expression results showed that both the complementary and virion-sense promoters could drive the gus gene to express, and the GUS activity of the complementary-sense promoter was stronger than that of the virion-sense. Co-expression of the vector containing βC1 gene of TYLCCNV DNAβ with the vector containing a bi-directional promoter revealed that the βC1 protein has no impact on expression of either the virion- or the complementary-sense promoter.