一种新型蒸气压缩／喷射混合制冷循环的探讨

提出一种压缩／喷射混合制冷循环，该循环相对蒸气压缩制冷循环改动较小，易于实现，钍对此循环进行了理论分析和计算，并与相同工况下的简单蒸气压缩制冷循环作了比较，对７种不同制冷工质讨论了喷射器喷射系数及其效率对循环性能的影响，分析了变工况条件下循环性能系数ＣＯＰ的变化，计算结果表明，新循环能有效地提高循环性能系数。     

利用喷射提高跨临界二氧化碳系统的性能

建立了跨临界二氧化碳蒸气压缩／喷射制冷循环中喷射器的数学模型，讨论了系统稳定运行时的蒸发温度、气体冷却器内压力及其出口温度、过热度等因素对系统性能的影响．结果表明，当工作流流量同扩压段出口蒸气流量相等时系统能够稳定运行．同时，升高蒸发温度能提高系统性能，但蒸气压缩／喷射循环相对简单循环性能系数的提高程度变小；气体冷却器内压力存在最优值，但降低压力能够增大系统性能的改善程度；升高气体冷却器出口温度会降低系统性能，但蒸气压缩／喷射循环相对简单循环性能系数的提高程度将先增大，然后迅速减小．与上述因素相比，过热度的影响很小．     

跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环理论分析

对跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环的理论研究,特别是对喷射器工作特性进行数值模拟,有助于改善实验系统的制冷性能。使用动量守恒和能量守恒方程建立了喷射器模型,同时考虑了系统稳态下喷射器出口干度和喷射系数的耦合关系。比较了不同的CO2冷却放热压力、蒸发温度、喷射器喷嘴效率和扩压效率等对理论循环性能的影响。理论分析表明:优化的喷射系数能显著改善制冷循环性能,蒸发温度和CO2冷却放热压力对系统性能的影响比较大,系统性能系数和喷射器喷射系数对喷射器的喷嘴效率和扩压效率的变化不敏感。     

一种新型喷射制冷循环的理论分析

提出了一种新型喷射制冷循环.该循环系统是在常规喷射制冷循环的喷射器和冷凝器之间增加了一个液体-气体射流泵,通过该射流泵可以降低喷射器的背压,提高喷射器的喷射系数,进而改善循环性能.针对此循环进行了理论分析和模拟计算,并与相同工况下常规喷射系统做了比较,重点讨论了工质R134a发生温度和背压改变对系统性能系数的影响.计算结果显示,新循环能有效提高系统的性能系数,使其比常规循环提高1倍以上.尽管新循环消耗的泵功会有所增加,但从的角度分析,新循环可以节约10%~24%的输入,具有更高的效率.     

以R1234yf为替代工质的喷射制冷循环特性

R134a作为喷射制冷循环的工质可获得较高循环性能,但因其具有较高全球变暖潜能值(global warming potential,GWP),所以将逐步被限制使用或被新型绿色环保制冷剂所替代。本文提出以低GWP值的R1234yf作为喷射制冷循环工质,建立了喷射制冷循环热力学数学模型。分析了以R1234yf、R134a和R600a为工质的喷射制冷循环喷射器的喷射因数、制冷量和性能因数随着蒸发温度、冷凝温度和发生器出口温度的变化关系。研究结果表明:相同的工况下,采用R1234yf为工质喷射制冷循环可获得最高喷射器喷射因数和最大制冷量,但以R1234yf为工质喷射制冷循环所获得性能因数(coefficient of performance,COP)较R134a低7.0%,比R600a高20.2%。综合评价认为:R1234yf为工质的喷射制冷循环性能优于R600a,且与采用R134a为工质的喷射制冷循环性能相当。     

一种新型太阳能制冷系统

针对传统蒸气压缩制冷系统和太阳能吸收制冷系统的诸多问题，本文提出一种新型的可利用太阳能的蒸气压缩式制冷系统，该系统是由电驱动的蒸气压缩式制冷循环与太阳能驱动吸收式制冷循环组成的复合式系统，分析系统工作原理与特点，并通过理论计算分析24h时间段太阳辐射强度对组成新系统的吸收制冷循环的循环特性（COP）和新系统的循环特性（COP）的影响。     

双温冰箱压缩／喷射式混合制冷循环系统的设计和实验研究

喷射器的性能、系统运行的稳定性是压缩／喷射式混合制冷循环能否成功地应用于双温冰箱的关键．本文对小型喷射器的设计计算及加工方案和混合循环制冷系统的设计方案进行了细致的理论分析和实验研究．实验结果显示了喷射器的增压作用和混合循环的节能作用;同时,说明了小型喷射器的简化加工方案是可行的,两个蒸发器串联设计的混合循环制冷系统是一种变工况适应能力强、运行更稳定的设计方案     

冰箱喷射器最优喷射系数分析

利用计算流体力学FLUENT软件,建立冰箱喷射器内部流体流动模型,根据新型压缩/喷射混合制冷循环系统冰箱实验样机的实际运行情况和操作参数,对制冷剂在冰箱喷射器内喷射、引射、混合、扩散等现象进行数值仿真研究;对冰箱喷射器混合室流场结构及引射机理进行探讨;同时,研究喉管面积比对冰箱喷射器性能的影响.研究结果表明:冰箱喷射器的操作参数和几何参数对其波系结构影响很大,在其他参数一定的情况下,存在一个最佳的喉管面积比ψopt=7.513,对应于最高的喷射系数u=0.561.     

跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环的数值分析

为了更合理的描述喷射器扩压室内的压力变化特性,对已有的跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环的热力学模型做了改进,并对扩压室新定义了一种压力系数ηd。建立了相应的数学模型并进行数值模拟,考察了该压力系数ηd 对制冷循环喷射系数和系统性能系数COP的影响,其结果与常规的扩压效率ηk 的影响作用有很好的一致性,说明所改进的热力学模型是可行的;应用该模型分析了压力系数对相关重要参数的影响,结果表明：随压力系数的增大,喷射系数基本不变;COP、压缩机进口温度、喷射器的增压比和喷射器效率增大;压缩机出口温度和压缩比减小;当工作流体压力为9 MPa时,相关参数发生了显著的变化。该压力系数取决于系统喷射器扩压室进出口的压力,方便测量确定。研究方法能够为跨临界CO2蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环的性能分析提供有益参考。     

N_2O跨临界喷射/压缩制冷循环的理论研究

为了解决CO_2跨临界循环能效低、排气压力高的问题,将天然工质N_2O用于跨临界循环,建立了相应的理论模型,比较了N_2O和CO_2用于跨临界喷射/压缩制冷循环和简单跨临界循环的性能,并对N_2O用于跨临界循环中的热稳定性进行了分析.研究结果表明:N_2O系统的性能系数和排气压力均优于CO_2,性能系数较CO_2系统分别增加了13%和9%,而排气压力分别降低了16%和13%;CO_2系统采用喷射/压缩跨临界循环后性能系数比简单跨临界循环提高了15.2%,稍高于N_2O系统的11.6%,说明使用喷射器对于CO2系统性能提升更为有利.分析了高压侧排气压力、蒸发温度和气体冷却器出口温度对于CO_2和N_2O跨临界喷射/压缩制冷循环的影响.结果表明:工况变化时N_2O和CO_2系统性能的变化规律一致,且气体冷却器出口温度越低、蒸发温度越高时,N_2O系统的性能系数增加越明显;制冷系统中N_2O的热稳定性能很好,不会分解.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.