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1.
为了精确表征轮胎与路面微观摩擦接触特性及分子作用力效应,利用分子动力学模拟分析方法建立轮胎(聚异戊二烯)和集料(二氧化硅)三维单体模型和界面接触模型,在纳米尺度上研究轮胎和集料的微观构造和接触特性.模拟结果表明:链状聚异戊二烯分子链为螺旋状结构,分子间隙较大,易产生较大变形,而二氧化硅则为典型脆性材料,表面较为平整;界面接触模型以二氧化硅为固定基底,聚异戊二烯单链在其上匀速滑动,二者间距离为0.5 nm.接触界面摩擦特性模拟结果表明摩擦系数随着速度增加而变小,其变化趋势与实验结果相同,证明模拟结果有效.  相似文献   

2.
【目的】研究纳米多晶材料受力变形过程中微观结构(如内部晶界,位错等)的演化过程,揭示纳米多晶材料受应力作用的微观机理。【方法】通过晶体相场(Phase field crystal,PFC)模型,模拟多晶样品在外加应力作用下的变形过程,分析内部畸变能的变化情况。【结果】在外加双轴动态加载作用下,当应变较小时,样品中的晶粒没有发生较大的变形,以位错沿着晶界运动为主。随着应变的增加,样品开始出现晶粒旋转、晶粒吞并、大小角晶界迁移运动、三叉晶界发射和接收位错等现象。晶界释放位错有助于减少晶界表面能;吸收位错则增加了晶界表面能。【结论】晶体相场方法可以有效模拟多晶体材料塑性变形过程的微观结构演化。  相似文献   

3.
详细分析了表面涂层的摩擦机理。其中涂层的摩擦机理主要可分为油层参数影响原理.摩擦化学原理.摩擦物理原理与材料转移原理等.涂层参数是指涂层及基体的硬度值.涂层犀度和基体表面粗糙度.摩擦化学原理包括涂层表面化学保护层的生成、涂层的氧化等方面的理论.而材料转移原理是指由于摩擦界面之同形成材料转移层而导致摩擦界面的摩擦特性的改变。  相似文献   

4.
分子动力学在纳米摩擦学中的应用研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
应用分子动力学方法模拟铜针尖原子在其基体上的摩擦过程。针尖原子的受力和以下参数有关:温度、接触面积、滑动速度、随着温度的升高,摩擦力增大;接触面积增大,摩擦力增大;针尖为软针尖、滑动速度小于一定范围时,随着速度的增大,摩擦力逐渐增大,当超过该范围时,随着滑动速度的增大,摩擦力反而减小。  相似文献   

5.
低碳钢等径弯曲通道变形数值模拟及组织分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对低碳钢等径弯曲通道变形进行了数值模拟,并分析了它的显微组织.通过有限元数值模拟,获得了低碳钢成形等径弯曲通道变形载荷的变化规律和等效应变分布规律.载荷模拟结果表明,摩擦因子越大,变形载荷也越大,当摩擦因子为0.408时,其成形载荷约为无摩擦时的2.1倍,载荷数值模拟与实验结果基本相吻合.此外,结合所揭示的等效应变分布特点,对一道次等径弯曲通道变形后试样横截面上的微观组织分布进行了分析,表明下表面处的材料晶粒细化程度比上表面处的大,因此这种分布特点与等效应变分布是相互一致的.  相似文献   

6.
采用分子动力学模拟技术研究氩单原子嵌入基体时发生的变形过程,揭示了基体温度、嵌入速度对界面法向力、材料变形行为的影响。模拟结果表明L-J固体中位错运动的方向与宏观塑性流动相一致,压缩屈服强度随着基体温度的增加和嵌入速度的减小而降低。  相似文献   

7.
通过摩擦磨损试验、扫描电镜分析等方法,研究了三种不同基体组织的蠕墨铸铁与石棉基摩阻材料配副条件下的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明,100%铁素体基体蠕墨铸铁具有最低的磨损量,最高的摩擦系数,因此具有最低的磨损率。就摩擦磨损特性而言,100%铁素体的蠕铁可以作为蠕墨铸铁刹车毂的首选材料。不同基体组织蠕墨铸铁的摩擦磨损特性除了与基体本身的性质有关外,更重要的是取决于摩擦表面在磨损过程中组织和性能的变化。  相似文献   

8.
用离子束辅助沉积技术在GCr15钢基体上形成了TiCxNy膜.TEM观察揭示,膜呈多晶结构,具有(111),(200)和(220)择优取向.AES和XPS分析进一步证实,TiCxNy膜呈含氧配置.膜的硬度和摩擦特性与N含量有关,N的过高含量对提高表面硬度不明显,但摩擦特性明显下降.在作者的实验条件下,以3×1017/cm2的注量为宜.干摩擦表明,膜的抗氧化性能优良.不仅存在能有效地抑制基体在摩擦过程中形成的氧化皮,又由于硬度高,润滑性良好,还能显著地改善基体的耐磨粒磨损特性.  相似文献   

9.
采用分子动力学方法模拟了金刚石压头压入Fe基体的纳米压痕全过程.研究了加载和卸载时基体的原子组态、载荷一位移曲线以及位错的发射和变化.分析了基体的塑性形变机理.发现压人深度为0.69nm时出现位错.随压入深度的增加位错长大成环,基体塑性形变加剧.卸载过程中位错环不断减小,当压头恢复到起始位置后,基体中心残留有位错环,产生了永久塑性形变,位错环的存在是基体产生永久塑性形变的关键因素.  相似文献   

10.
表面涂层摩擦机理研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
详细分析了表面涂层的摩擦机理。其中涂层的摩擦机理主要可分为油层参数影响原理、摩擦化学原理、摩擦物理原理与材料转移原理等。涂层参数是指涂层及基体的硬度值、涂层厚度和基体表面粗糙度。摩擦化学原理包括涂层表面化学保护层的生成、涂层的氧化等方面的理论。而材料转移原理是指由于摩擦界面之间形成材料转移层而导致摩擦界面的摩擦特性的改变。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

15.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

16.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

19.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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