碳质卡林型金矿细菌氧化-氰化浸出研究

利用混合嗜酸菌对云南某碳质卡林型金矿进行了细菌氧化和氰化浸出的试验研究.研究表明,该矿直接氰化金的回收率非常低,即使采用碳浆浸出的氰化方法,金的回收率只有129%.细菌氧化工艺可以有效地解决硫化物包裹金的问题,大幅度提高金的浸出率,同时利用活性碳的竞争吸附,可以有效地解决碳质物的“劫金”作用,进一步提高金的回收率.通过细菌氧化-碳浆氰化联合处理工艺,金的回收率达到8239%,同时氰化钠的用量降低4968%,因此细菌氧化-碳浆氰化浸出工艺是处理碳质卡林型金矿的有效方法.     

含砷金精矿生物预氧化过程中细菌吸附的作用

用氧化亚铁硫杆菌(T.f菌)和一种含砷金精矿研究了细菌吸附对含砷金精矿生物预氧化过程的影响·结果表明,T.f菌在矿物颗粒表面的吸附可以分为3个阶段:吸附量增加阶段,稳定吸附阶段,解吸附阶段·细菌活性是决定细菌在矿物颗粒表面吸附程度的重要因素·细菌吸附量和金属氧化速率呈线性关系,细菌吸附量和细菌活性对金属氧化速率有重要影响,从而表明吸附细菌的直接氧化作用在含砷金精矿的生物预氧化过程中起重要作用,细菌吸附是细菌直接氧化作用的前提·     

低品位双重难处理金矿石工艺矿物学及浸金影响因素

试验所用矿石来自我国云南某金矿,该矿含金2.4 g/t,砷0.97%,碳1.47%.它是典型的低品位含碳双重难处理金矿石,浮选精矿-氰化提金,金浸出率为10.43%;浮选精矿-焙烧-氰化工艺,金浸出率为46.52%,属于极难浸金矿.矿石主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂.脉石矿物主要为石英、绢云母、白云石、方解石、伊利石黏土矿物等.金的赋存状态绝大多数是"不可见金",主要为次显微、超显微的包裹金以及胶体金.金主要包裹于毒砂和黄铁矿晶体中.矿石中金矿物主要为自然金,少为银金矿.矿石金回收率低的原因主要是包裹金,矿石含砷、碳质以及黏土矿物.     

低品位原生金矿的生物柱浸

采用粘结剂S-11将某低品位原生金矿的精矿粘结包裹在其原矿矿石上进行生物柱浸与原矿生物柱浸的对比研究.主要研究了生物柱浸过程中Fe2+浓度,pH,Eh,矿石表面吸附的细菌及菌液中游离细菌数量的变化、矿石的脱砷率、脱硫率,生物柱浸后矿石金的氰化浸出率.结果表明:金精矿包裹后的矿石表面因含硫化矿物较多,更适合细菌的吸附与繁殖;包裹生物柱浸120 d后矿石的脱砷率为70.14%,脱硫率为41.26%,金的氰化浸出率为81.21%,比传统生物柱浸矿石的脱砷率、脱硫率和浸金率分别高24.01%,19.11%和21.48%.包裹生物柱浸对矿石的氧化效果明显.     

金纳米空球表面吸附行为的SERS研究

以硒球为模板合成了金纳米空球及其修饰玻碳电极,采用 SEM、XRD 和电化学循还伏安（CV）法,对金纳米空球的表面形貌和晶体结构进行了表征.实验结果表明:其粒径约为150 nm,壳厚约为25 nm,球壳表面由荔枝状的金原子簇团所构建,为多晶面心立方结构;应用电化学原位表面增强拉曼光谱技术,以吡啶为探针分子,初步研究了金纳米空球的 SERS 活性,计算其增强因子约为7.6×104;通过电化学和电化学原位表面增强拉曼光谱技术考察了硫氰根离子在金纳米空球上的吸附与氧化行为,发现在-0.80~0.60 V 的电位区间,SCN -离子通过电位调制可分别以 S 和 N 端竞争吸附在金纳米空球表面,但在0.60 V时,SCN -就开始氧化成 OCN -离子,当电极电位≥0.70 V 时,主要检测到位于2223 cm -1处OCN -离子在双电层的溶液谱.研究结果可为谱学电化学、电分析生物检测和靶向药物制备与检测等领域带来某些应用.     

金胶/碳球复合纳米材料的制备及表征

通过微波水热法,以葡萄糖水溶液为原料,制备了单分散的溶胶碳球,用自组装方法把金胶纳米粒子修饰在碳球表面合成了金胶/碳球纳米复合材料。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱及循环伏安等技术对最终产物的形貌、组成和光学性质进行了表征。由于所得到的金胶/碳球复合材料具有很好的化学稳定性与无毒性,同时金胶纳米粒子具有生物相容性,该复合材料可作为载体材料应用于生物分析。     

湖南某难处理金矿的加压预氧化-氰化浸金试验研究

针对湖南某难处理金精矿进行预处理技术研究.该矿含砷(质量分数)为11.28%,金的直接氰化浸出率为21.91%.矿石中的砷以毒砂形式存在.载金矿物为毒砂和黄铁矿等硫化物,金为微细浸染型被毒砂和黄铁矿包裹.通过加压预氧化,对矿石进行氰化浸金试验研究.加压氧化最佳条件为初始酸度1 mol/L,木质素磺酸钠5 g/t,硝酸硫酸比7∶1,氧压0.6 MPa,搅拌速度300 r/min,时间100 min,温度100℃,矿浆浓度20%.试验表明经过加压试验后,金的氰化浸出率达到90.87%,与未预处理相比提高了68.96%,达到了较好的试验效果.     

西山—金鸿山地区下侏罗统泥页岩有机地化特征

西山—金鸿山地区赋存较厚的侏罗系泥页岩层,厚度40～280 m,部分区域暗色泥页岩有效厚度达到100～200 m。为了解该泥页岩的有机地化特征,通过观察分析地表侏罗系泥页岩层,系统的采集样品,对采集的泥页岩样品进行室内测试分析,并对研究区泥页岩的总有机碳(TOC)、镜质组分射率(Ro)、干酪根显微组分、干酪根元素、干酪根同位素测试成果数据进行综合分析。结果表明:该区茫崖煤矿以及黑石山地区TOC含量相对较低(1. 0%～3. 0%),中部地区TOC含量较高(超过2. 0%～3. 0%),泥页岩为好的烃源岩;采用氢碳原子比、干酪根类型指数及干酪根碳同位素指标确定该区的泥页岩干酪根类型为Ⅱ2型;泥页岩镜质组反射率(Ro)较高(1. 3%～2. 2%),基本达到成熟阶段及以上,生烃潜力较大。该区泥页岩的有机地化特征各项目测试值满足陆相页岩气有利区优选的标准,由此优选出以西山煤矿北—柴水沟—小西沟—月牙山一线为南界,阿尔金山前断裂带为北界的页岩气有利区。     

矿物解离分析仪在泥堡金尾矿中的金赋存状态分析应用

利用矿物解离分析仪（MLA）系统等综合手段对贵州泥堡金尾矿进行工艺矿物学分析,考察了该尾矿的矿物组成、含金矿物的嵌布粒度及嵌布特征。结果表明：泥堡金尾矿中的金多以类质同象晶格态赋存于黄铁矿、氧化后的黄铁矿、赤铁矿之中,这三种金属矿物嵌布粒度微细,且均存在着复杂的连生及包裹关系。推荐采用非氰化浸出工艺处理该金尾矿     

广西金牙难浸金矿的工艺矿物学研究

为了给含砷金矿的提金工艺流程提供理论依据,对广西金牙金矿的矿石开展了工艺矿物学研究.该矿是典型的含砷难浸复杂金矿,矿石含Au为6.28 g/t,含Ag为1.37 g/t.As的质量分数为0.58%,S的质量分数为3.10%,C的质量分数为1.76%,其中有机碳的质量分数为0.21%.金精矿含Au为52.61 g/t,含Ag为6.00 g/t.As的质量分数11.32%,S的质量分数为29.32%,C的质量分数为0.35%.矿石中的主要金属矿物为毒砂、黄铁矿,其次有方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿等.载金矿物主要有毒砂、黄铁矿;金的赋存形态为次显微金;矿石的有害组分为砷、碳质和黏土矿物.含砷矿物是以毒砂、...     

New insights into the extraction of invisible gold in a low-grade high-sulfur Carlin-type gold concentrate by bio-pretreatment

To extract gold from a low-grade (13.43 g/t) and high-sulfur (39.94wt% sulfide sulfur) Carlin-type gold concentrate from the Nibao deposit, Guizhou, a bio-pretreatment followed by carbon-in-pulp (CIP) cyanide leaching process was used. Various methods were used to detect the low-grade gold in the concentrate; however, only time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was successful. With bio-pretreatment, the gold recovery rate increased by approximately 70.16% compared with that obtained by direct cyanide leaching of the concentrate. Various attempts were made to increase the final gold recovery rate. However, approximately 20wt% of the gold was non-extractable. To determine the nature of this non-extractable gold, mineralogy liberation analysis (MLA), formation of secondary product during the bio-pretreatment, and the preg-robbing capacity of the carbonaceous matter in the ore were investigated. The results indicated that at least four factors affected the gold recovery rate:gold occurrence, tight junctions of gold-bearing pyrite with gangue minerals, jarosite coating of the ore, and the carbonaceous matter content.     

球红假单胞菌对活性炭的降解转化

以活性炭作为含碳金矿中碳质物的替代物,研究了球红假单胞菌对其的降解转化及吸金能力的影响.通过正交试验确定了球红假单胞菌降解活性炭的最优工艺组合:粒度74μm、炭浆质量分数5%、降解时间14 d、菌液用量1 m L/100 m L,此时活性炭的降解率高达28.35%.金吸附性试验表明,球红假单胞菌可使活性炭的吸金能力降低11.46%.球红假单胞菌使活性炭的微晶结构发生变化;一些芳环结构被破坏;含氧基团和芳香族结构的数量增多.这说明球红假单胞菌在降低碳质物劫金性方面是一种有效微生物.     

Experimental study of gold distribution in the algae-organic matter-fluid system

Conclusion Gold distribution and transformation in algae-organic matter-fluid system is very complicated. Gold is first concentrated in kerogen after algae died. With the increase of dissolved organic matter owing to the increase of temperature and pressure, part of gold simultaneously emigrates from kerogen to DOM. When DOM forms organic fluid and emigrates from the strata, gold is simultaneously carried away by organic fluid in acidic condition, but by water in alkali condition. When the auriferous fluid flows through carbonaceous strata, gold in fluid is unloaded by kerogen. Gold migration in the system, accompanied by the evolution of algae-organic matter-fluid, provides the basic information of biometallogenetic evolution of gold.     

金矿化地质地球化学特征

作者发现金矿（化）点２０余处，包括４个类型：（１）受花岗岩中相关剪切带控制的黄铁绢英岩金矿；（２）多金属硫化物石英型脉型金银矿；（３）陆相含炭岩系沉积改造层控金矿；（４）陆相砾岩金矿。（１）、（３）两种类型金矿具工业规模。黄铁绢英岩金矿主要赋存在以胶东群为交代基体的重熔花岗岩或交代花岗岩的构造蚀变带中心。这类构造蚀变带是遭受长期构造应力作用并叠加后期构造破裂经热液蚀变形成的。成矿热液为中温碱性溶液，金多呈金氯络合物形式被活化搬运。该类型金矿与强绢英岩化蚀变关系密切，在韧性剪切带基础上发育的蚀变糜棱岩化花岗岩带上等间距成群出现。陆相含炭岩系沉积改造层控金矿，为缓倾斜层状、似层状、透镜状矿体，受下白垩统莱阳群一段上、下含炭岩系控制。金矿在上、下含炭岩系中多层出现。此类矿床为晚元古代胶北地体隆起为陆，风化剥蚀产物沉积在中生代断陷盆地陆相湖泊基底堆积物中，由于盆地底部丰富的有机质及粘土对古风化产物中分解的自然金的富集作用形成了富金矿源层，ＡＵ：１４－８００ｐｐｂ。在燕山晚期强烈构造变动影响下，成矿热液活动，有机炭在矿床改造过程中进一步富金作用，形成工业矿床。这是一新类型金矿。     

难处理金矿的加工方法

为确定难处理金矿的加工方法,在对矿样的的化学成分、粒度分布、赋存状态分析的基础上,进行了相关的浮选条件实验,确定了矿样的最佳浮选工艺流程和参数,并进行了浮选开路实验。结果表明：浮选精矿中的金的回收率为50.97%,金品位为8.75 g/t,精矿中金的回收率和品位都较低,说明该矿样不宜用浮选方法获取精矿,可以考虑用其他方法提金。     

Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore

The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore: gold flotation–gold concentrate leaching–lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concentrate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue—preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc—were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead–zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore.     

Recovery of gold from refractory gold ores: Effect of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea leaching system

The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores(RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions. Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite. The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments. The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40% and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56% after the removal of sulfide by roasting. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69% and only 57.92% of thiourea decomposition was observed. The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores, such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide.     

A review of gold extraction using noncyanide lixiviants: Fundamentals,advancements, and challenges toward alkaline sulfur-containing leaching agents

Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants, including thiosulfate, polysulfides, and alkaline sulfide solutions, stand out as a promising class of alternatives to cyanide because of their low toxicity, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. In this paper, we summarized the research progress and remaining challenges in gold extraction using these noncyanide reagents. After a brief introduction to the preparation method, the transformation process of various sulfur-containing species in alkaline solutions was discussed. Thereafter, some insights into the mechanism of gold leaching in alkaline sulfur-containing solutions were presented from different aspects, including thermodynamics analysis, electrochemical dissolution, and leaching kinetics. Moreover, recent progress in in-situ generation of sulfur-containing anions from gold-bearing sulfide minerals was outlined as well. Gold passivation caused by sulfur species was discussed in particular because it is considered the greatest challenge facing sulfur-containing leaching systems. Alkaline sulfur-containing lixiviants are expected to serve as alternatives in industrial applications of gold extraction, particularly for refractory gold ores containing copper and carbonaceous matter.     

碳质金矿石预氧化焙烧堆浸提金的研究

介绍了对辽宁丹东某金矿碳质硅化低硫金矿石的焙烧预氧化处理及焙砂直接堆浸的试验研究·分析了不同温度、不同气氛及不同时间条件下的焙砂的氧化状态及影响金浸出率的NaCN的质量分数、喷淋强度、焙砂粒度及喷淋时间等主要因素·实验结果表明,先在450℃,通入少量空气(含氧5%～10%)的条件下,焙烧1h(脱砷),然后,在650℃,通入充足空气的条件下,焙烧2h,矿石中的硫化物和碳物质的氧化率和灰化率分别达98%和97%;当NaCN的质量分数为0 10%～0 15%,喷淋强度为15 0L/(m2·h),焙砂粒度为0～3mm,喷淋时间为8～10天,金的浸出率为84 8%·同时,推荐了焙砂直接堆浸的原则工艺流程...