超声处理钝化鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶动力学研究

研究了超声处理对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化效果,并采用一级动力学分析了超声功率(240 ～600W)、温度(30 ～50℃)对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化动力学影响.结果表明,鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的最适温度是30℃,随着热处理时间的延长酶活逐渐下降.超声功率、时间、温度都能显著影响钝化多酚氧化酶的效果,随着超声功率的增加、时间的延长以及温度的升高,超声处理对鲜切苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化效应越大.苹果多酚氧化酶的钝化符合一级反应动力学模型,随着功率和温度的升高,k值上升,D值下降.超声处理降低了多酚氧化酶的热敏感性.     

盐胁迫下P.putidaRs-198液体菌肥对棉花的促生效应

基于P.putida Rs-198菌株为主要成分开发的Rs-198液体菌肥为目的,并采用盆栽试验考察了在盐胁迫条件下Rs-198菌肥对棉花种子发芽和棉苗生长的促生效应。结果表明:与菌肥载体物质处理(F)相比,Rs-198液体菌肥处理(MF)后棉花种子发芽率、棉苗株高、根长、鲜重、干重分别比对照分别提高了17.20%、14.93%、31.81%、7.89%、31.25%。而可溶性蛋白含量提高了10.67%,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量分别降低了13.00%和7.02%。另外,Rs-198菌肥处理后的棉苗中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶的活性分别降低了27.81%、6.19%、10.47%、27.75%。因此,Rs-198液体菌肥的应用能够有效地促进棉花生长和缓解盐胁迫的危害。     

樱桃酒复合澄清剂的研究

樱桃酒的澄清工艺十分重要,本试验通过单因素和正交试验研究复合澄清剂对樱桃酒的澄清效果达到最好时的配方以及复合澄清剂在不同浓度、温度、酒精度、pH以及可溶性固形物含量的条件下对樱桃酒澄清效果的影响。结果表明:在pH为3.5、可溶性固形物含量为9.0%、酒精度为12.0%、温度为50℃的条件下,经复合澄清剂处理的樱桃酒澄清度达到98.5%,壳聚糖、明胶、果胶酶的添加配比为1 4 2.2(其中壳聚糖用量为1.0g/L),得到澄清透明、色泽光亮的樱桃酒。     

红薯糯米酒发酵与贮存阶段品质分析

研究了红薯糯米酒发酵过程中可溶性固形物、pH值及酒精度变化,以及不同条件下各贮存阶段红薯糯米酒各成分变化及抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:发酵第3天为红薯糯米酒发酵关键时期;不同贮存条件下可溶性固形物、总酯、总酚含量变化不大,而酒精度、黄酮、维生素C含量随温度及果胶酶添加量的变化有明显差异,其中在贮存温度4℃,果胶酶添加量2%条件下,能保存红薯糯米酒品质和提高风味,降低杂醇油生成。抗氧化活性测定表明,随果胶酶添加量增加,贮存酿液抗氧化能力和总还原能力明显提高。     

果胶酶澄清兰考蜜瓜汁工艺优化探究

为了达到优化果胶酶澄清蜜瓜汁工艺的目的，以蜜瓜汁透光率为指标，通过单因素试验与正交试验，研究果胶酶添加量、酶解起始pH值、酶解时间、酶解温度对蜜瓜汁透光率和果胶含量的影响。结果表明：在果胶酶添加量0.04g/100mL、酶解pH值4.0、酶解时间120 min、酶解温度35℃时，蜜瓜汁透光率可达95.71%，果胶定性检测为阴性，果胶酶处理蜜瓜汁前后，总糖、还原糖、可溶性固形物、VC等成分的含量均无显著变化。果胶酶能够有效清除蜜瓜汁中的果胶等大分子物质，获得理想的澄清效果。     

低温驯化对西藏绵头雪莲愈伤组织抗冻性及抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】研究高山植物对低温驯化的生理生化适应机制。【方法】以西藏绵头雪莲愈伤组织为材料,检测在变温[4 ℃/0 ℃(白天/夜晚,黑暗)]的低温驯化0、3、6、9、12 d过程中抗冻性、抗氧化酶和抗氧化物质含量的变化。【结果】经变温[4 ℃/0 ℃(白天/夜晚)]低温驯化后第9天西藏绵头雪莲抗冻性达到最高值,愈伤组织半致死温度(LT₅₀)由常温培养-3.5 ℃降低到 -12.0 ℃;经4 ℃/0 ℃低温驯化后,愈伤组织的可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量以及抗氧化酶活性显著提高,至第9天达最大值,蛋白质比对照增加了89.1%、脯氨酸含量为驯化前的2.14倍,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性分别比对照增加了48.04%、47.28%和73.18%,同时3种抗氧化酶的同工酶酶谱也验证了以上活性检测结果;低温驯化还提高了多酚含量,驯化至第12天时多酚含量为驯化前的3.91倍,此时多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性比驯化前增加了91.35%,与PPO同工酶的检测结果较为一致。【结论】低温驯化显著提高了高山植物绵头雪莲愈伤组织的抗寒力,在低温驯化过程中绵头雪莲发生了特有的适应低温环境的生理生化变化。     

壳聚糖涂膜对果蔗鲜切后某些生理的影响

选择广西桂林市临桂的"拨地拉"紫皮果蔗(Saccharum sinensis Roxb.),用1.5%壳聚糖(1号)和2%硼酸 4%硼砂 0.1%维生素C 1.5%壳聚糖(2号)两种处理液进行涂膜保鲜处理,并与对照(清水)进行比较,测定超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量变化,探讨壳聚糖对果蔗的保鲜效果和相关生理生化的影响。结果表明,果蔗鲜切处理后随着贮藏期的延长,蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量均呈下降趋势,贮藏期愈长,下降愈多,但是壳聚糖保鲜处理下降比对照缓慢。壳聚糖处理延缓PPO、POD活性和MDA含量增加,保持较高水平的SOD、CAT活性,从而可以减少酶促褐变发生,保持果蔗品质,延长果蔗的贮藏期。     

TS制剂对桑树萎缩病的防治机理

用植物病毒防治剂（ＴｈｅＶｉｒｏｃｉｄｅｆｏｒＰｌａｎｔ）—ＴＳ制剂喷洒感病桑树植株后,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对叶片多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶进行同功酶比较,发现处理株多酚氧化酶的酶带数和对照株相同,均为４条,但酶带位置、强弱有差异;处理株过氧化物酶有４条基本酶带,而对照株有３条酶带,处理株出现一条新酶带．处理株多酚氧化酶活性感病后期比感病初期提高１．６倍,对照株酶活性提高１倍,而过氧化物酶活性感病后期比感病初期下降６０％,而对照株酶活性下降８０％．用紫外分光光度计测蛋白质含量,处理组为０．３ｇ／Ｌ,对照组为０．３８ｇ／Ｌ,表明经ＴＳ制剂处理比对照桑萎缩病的病株蛋白质含量降低．     

阴离子交换树脂固定化果胶酶研究

以阴离子交换树脂为载体、戊二醛为交联剂,对果胶酶进行固定化分析,探讨了温度、pH值、时间、加酶量、戊二醛浓度、交联温度、交联时间对果胶酶固定化效果的影响,同时对固定化果胶酶的酶学特性进行研究.结果表明,果胶酶最佳固定化条件为:温度为40℃,pH值为5.5,固定化6 h,加酶量为0.75 mL/g树脂,戊二醛体积分数为0.1%,交联温度为4℃,交联时间4 h.在此条件下,固定化果胶酶的酶活回收率可达到80%以上.酶学特性试验表明,固定化果胶酶最适温度为60℃,最适pH值为4.0,具有较好的操作稳定性.     

壳聚糖-蒙脱土复合涂膜在常温下对 荔枝货架期及品质的影响

在室温下评估了壳聚糖和壳聚糖-蒙脱土(MMT)涂膜对荔枝存放8天的失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸含量、果皮褐变、多酚氧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性的影响.未进行涂膜处理的荔枝作为对照组.壳聚糖和壳聚糖-蒙脱土涂膜处理的荔枝失重率显著低于对照组.与壳聚糖涂膜和对照组的荔枝相比,壳聚糖-蒙脱土涂膜能有效保持荔枝的硬度,并能延缓可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸含量和果皮褐变指数PPO、POD等有害变化.壳聚糖-蒙脱土涂膜可有效抑制荔枝的多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性.结果 表明,壳聚糖-蒙脱土涂膜可延缓荔枝的老化过程,有效延长其货架期.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.