碱性果胶酶生产菌株的产酶条件优化

对自行筛选的碱性果胶酶生产菌培养条件进行了优化.考查了碳源、氮源浓度和接种量对发酵产酶的影响.经单因素实验和正交试验研究,该菌株最佳产酶条件组合为:果胶添加量0.3％、NaNO3添加量0.6％、接种量6％.在此条件下,碱性果胶酶酶活力达到6 079 U/mL.     

产纤维素酶芽孢杆菌DS1309的分离鉴定及产酶条件研究

通过唯一碳源法从来源于长白山森林的土壤中筛选到多株具有纤维素降解活力的细菌,选取其中的1株芽孢杆菌DS1309进行了鉴定及发酵条件的初步优化,结果显示该菌株为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。发酵产酶的最适条件为培养温度30℃,培养基初始p H6.0,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适碳源为酵母粉。菌株在最适条件下培养48h达到产酶高峰,酶活力可达到1.82 IU/m L。     

红曲霉固态发酵产糖化酶及酸性蛋白酶条件的优化

从8株红曲霉中筛选出红曲霉MQ7作为高产糖化酶和酸性蛋白酶的供试菌株,采用固态发酵方法测定在不同发酵温度、底物料液比、大米和麸皮比例条件下的产酶情况.利用正交实验优化固态发酵产酶过程,确定该菌株产酶最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度30,℃,底物料液比(g∶mL)20∶25,大米麸皮比例(g∶g)17∶3.在此条件下,糖化酶活力达1,641.69,U/g,酸性蛋白酶活力达151.09,U/g.同时研究了NaCl含量对红曲霉酶活力的抑制作用,当NaCl质量分数达到18.92%时,红曲霉MQ7产糖化酶活力下降64.8%,酸性蛋白酶活力下降85.6%.     

高温大曲中筛选产纤维素酶的耐高温芽孢杆菌

从高温大曲中筛选出产纤维素酶的芽孢杆菌1株,进行形态特征、生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分子鉴定,该菌株鉴定为Bacillus cereusFrankland.对该菌株进行产酶摇瓶液体发酵,测定其内切纤维素酶活力和外切纤维素酶活力分别为260.32,87.22u.mL-1,对该菌株进行产酶固态发酵,测定其内切纤维素酶活力和外切纤维素酶活力分别为556.64,121.47u.mL-1.酶的稳定性实验显示该菌株产纤维素酶在60℃以下和在pH4～8范围内具有良好的热稳定性和pH稳定性,利用响应面法优化固态发酵产酶培养基,优化后测定纤维素酶活提高至1 643.27u.mL-1.     

产褐藻胶裂解酶菌株的筛选及发酵条件优化

为进一步探索高产褐藻胶裂解酶菌株,促进其工业化应用,以褐藻酸钠为唯一碳源筛选培养基,从鲍鱼内脏中筛选出一株高产褐藻胶裂解酶菌株B4,通过形态学观察和系统发育分析,鉴定为弧菌属细菌Vibrio sp.B4。通过单因素实验对B4菌株的发酵条件和发酵培养基进行优化,获得发酵培养基的最适碳源为褐藻酸钠10g/L,最适氮源为(NH4)2SO410g/L,最适发酵条件为温度30℃,接种量1%,培养基初始pH 6.0。在单因素实验的基础上,通过Plackett-Burman(PB)筛选出3个影响产酶活力的显著因素:(NH4)2SO4浓度、pH、接种量。通过响应面进一步分析优化,得到最佳的发酵培养基为褐藻酸钠10g/L,(NH_4)_2SO_4 10.91g/L,NaCl 10g/L,KH_2PO_4 1g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L,CaCl_2 0.2g/L,FeSO_4·7H_2O 0.02g/L,最佳发酵条件为温度30℃,接种量1.1%,起始pH 6.07。在最佳培养条件下,褐藻胶裂解酶活力可达19.09U/mL,比基础培养条件下提高了3.67倍。该菌经过产酶发酵条件的优化,酶活力得到较大幅度的提高,且其发酵产酶时间短,可为褐藻胶裂解酶的进一步研究应用提供参考。     

产漆酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件的优化

以愈创木酚培养基为底物,利用平板筛选法从土壤朽木中筛选能够产漆酶的菌株,通过测定漆酶活力进行复筛,筛选出一株产漆酶活力较高的白腐茵菌株。以漆酶活性为参考指标,确定葵花粉发酵产漆酶条件：发酵培养基中硫酸铵0．025％,初始pH值5．5,接种量8％,装液量50mL,愈创木酚0．10％,培养时间7d。     

产纤维素酶新菌株的筛选及其产酶特性研究

【目的】筛选分离新的纤维素酶产酶菌株,并对其生长特性和产酶特性进行研究。【方法】从堆肥样品中分离得到一株产纤维素酶菌株,定名为CP1,利用16SrRNA序列对比和Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定。通过测定菌株生长速率确定其最适生长条件。采用CMC发酵培养基进行纤维素酶的研究,确定其产酶曲线。测定粗酶液最适作用温度和pH值,热稳定性和金属离子对其影响。【结果】经鉴定该菌株为梭形芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis),其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH值为6。在含CMC-Na的培养基培养,该菌株的生长与产酶同步进行,培养48h菌株生长量达到最大,培养液的CMC酶活力同时达到最大值,为0.46U/mL。该菌株所产的纤维素酶既有酸性CMC酶活力,又有碱性CMC酶活力,并以碱性CMC酶为主,酸性CMC酶的活力只有碱性CMC酶的71.4%。其酸性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为6.0,碱性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为8.0。另外,该菌株所产碱性CMC酶活的最适作用温度为40~50℃,而且0.5%的Cu2+使其酶活降低45%。【结论】菌株CP1为首次报道的梭形芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶新菌株,具有独特的酸碱性环境下的纤维素酶活力。     

果胶酶高产菌株EIM-6的筛选鉴定及其液体发酵产酶条件优化

通过筛选得到一株适合液体深层发酵培养的高产果胶酶菌株EIM-6,基于形态学与ITS序列分子系统进化分析,鉴定为Aspergillus niger.运用单因子实验确定EIM-6产果胶酶最适碳源和氮源.在此基础上,通过Plackett-Burrman设计对影响其产酶的相关因素进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素.然后通过最陡爬坡实验在上升最高点处由中心组合实验和响应面分析确定其最适产酶条件.实验优化的最优产酶条件为:w(橘皮粉)4.09%,w(麸皮)3.16%,w((NH4)2SO4)0.35%,w(K2HPO4)0.3%,w(CaCO3)0.24%,初始pH 6,接种量107/mL,转速250 r/min,28 ℃培养80 h酶活达30 231 U/mL,与初始相比,酶活提高2.07倍.     

产木聚糖酶海洋微生物的筛选与诱变育种

以自制木聚糖为初筛培养基的唯一碳源,从多个海洋来源样品中一共筛到60株有透明圈且形态各异的菌株,摇瓶发酵结果显示,38株具有产木聚糖酶能力,其中B659菌株产酶能力最高,酶活力为525.3 U·m L-1.结合B659菌株的形态特征和16S r DNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于Bacillus属.对B659菌株进行紫外诱变,筛选得到酶活提高13.9%且稳定遗传的突变菌株G3-17;对G3-17菌株进一步进行微波诱变得到酶活较G3-17菌株高出11.6%且稳定遗传的突变菌株W1-40.对B659菌株和W1-40突变菌株进行发酵试验,72 h时W1-40菌株的酶活力达到645.2 U·m L-1,比B659菌株(517.9 U·m L-1)提高24.6%.     

土壤产几丁质酶菌株的筛选鉴定及产酶条件

利用几丁质为碳源,从土壤中筛选出3株产几丁质酶菌株,其中酶活最高的为一株革兰氏阴性菌.对该菌株应用16S rDNA法进行鉴定,结果为嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia).通过单因素优化法和均匀设计法实验,结果表明,以质量分数0.5%的胶体几丁质为碳源,质量分数1.0%的蛋白胨为氮源,及30℃和pH值为7.2,发酵60 h的条件是菌株的最合适产酶条件.此时,胞外几丁质酶酶活力最高.     

果胶酶高产菌Aspergillus niger HYA4的选育

采用紫外线处理黑曲霉(Aspergillus nige)HY4孢子，照射剂量为75s。获得一株高产果胶酶突变株HYA4，在优化的固体发酵条件下酶活力达1285U/g物料，比出发菌株提高了2倍，为亚麻脱胶酶的生产提供了良好的菌株。     

亚麻脱胶菌的分离、筛选和鉴定

 从云南亚麻沤麻水、种植土、沤麻残渣堆积土中粗筛获得具有果胶酶活性的菌株51株;通过几种酶活性测定,获得果胶酶和木聚糖酶(主要的半纤维素酶)活性较高、无纤维素酶活力且脱胶周期短的目的菌株4株.基于4个菌株的果胶分解能力、沤麻周期长短以及沤麻的效果等指标,最终确认YN1.1是优良的亚麻脱胶菌株.经16S rRNA基因测序和生理生化鉴定,该株菌为芽胞杆菌属的地衣芽孢杆菌.     

里氏木霉液体发酵选择性合成果胶酶

在摇瓶液体发酵的条件下研究了碳源、氮源、酵母汁和营养盐等因素对里氏木霉选择性合成果胶酶的影响规律,并测定了酶学性质。结果表明:从经济角度考虑宜选用脱汁橘皮粉制备果胶酶;在Mandels营养盐中添加1.0 g/L蛋白胨适合于里氏木霉产果胶酶;以25 g/L脱汁橘皮粉液体发酵48 h,果胶酶活力最高值达到32.6μmol/(min.mL),其中纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的活力被分别控制在0.18、0.63μmol/(min.mL)。该果胶酶的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为50℃,以16μmol/(min.g)的果胶酶振荡水解10 g/L商品果胶粉50 h,酶解得率达80.3%。高效液相离子色谱的分析结果显示果胶酶的主要水解产物为单体半乳糖醛酸,含量达总水解产物的82.5%以上。     

果胶酶产生菌HDYM-02发酵条件的研究

由巴彦县亚麻有限公司沤麻池中分离选育得到一株果胶酶产生菌,命名为HDYM-02,通过对其进行生理生化、16srDNA序列分析及系统发育研究,初步鉴定该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌。对菌株HDYM-02进行发酵条件的单因子试验,结果表明,当发酵温度为33℃,发酵氮源选用尿素,发酵液初始pH值为7.0,NaCl浓度为0.5%～0.7%时,菌株HDYM-02分解果胶能力较强;对发酵产还原糖影响较大的三个因素,即发酵温度、尿素含量、发酵液初始pH值进行L9(33)的正交试验,结果表明发酵温度为35℃,尿素浓度为0.5%,发酵初始pH值为6.5时,菌株HDYM-02分解果胶能力较强。     

大麻脱胶高酶活菌株的诱变选育

原始菌株Bacillus sp.No.46经紫外诱变后,挑取76株进行摇瓶初,复筛,复得10株诱变株,果胶酶酶活高于原菌株20％－30％,聚半乳糖醛酸酸酶活提高35％－70%,连续液大麻脱胶试验残胶率低于10％,脱胶后大麻纤维特数可达19－11,脱胶后酶活酶活损失约20％,脱胶酶液至少可用2次以上。     

Enhanced production of elastase by Bacillus licheniformis ZJUEL31410: optimization of cultivation conditions using response surface methodology

Sequential methodology based on the application of three types of experimental designs was used to optimize the fermentation conditions for elastase production from mutant strain ZJUEL31410 of Bacillus licheniformis in shaking flask cultures. The optimal cultivation conditions stimulating the maximal elastase production consist of 220 r/min shaking speed, 25 h fermentation time, 5% (v/v) inoculums volume, 25 ml medium volume in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask and 18 h seed age. Under the optimized conditions, the predicted maximal elastase activity was 495 U/ml. The application of response surface methodology resulted in a significant enhancement in elastase production. The effects of other factors such as elastin and the growth factor (corn steep flour) on elastase production and cell growth were also investigated in the current study. The elastin had no significant effect on enzyme-improved production. It is still not clear whether the elastin plays a role as a nitrogen source or not. Corn steep flour was verified to be the best and required factor for elastase production and cell growth by Bacillus licheniformis ZJUEL31410.     

Performance of a Pectinase from Bacillus Subtilis WSHB04 - 02 Used in Bioscouring of Cotton Fabrics

A pectinase produced by Bacillus subtilis WSHB04-02 isolated from soil with lyase activity operating at alkaline pH was studied. The MichaelisMenten kinetic parameters of this newly isolated pectinase on different substrates, such as citrus pectin and polygalacturonic acid （PGA）, were determined, and pectin proved to be the most suitable substrate. The effects of temperature and pH on pectinase activity and stability were also investigated. The optimal temperature for pectinase was 55℃ with a stable range of 45℃- 55℃. In general, pectinase was pH insensitive and the stable pH ranged from 8.6 to 10.0. Ultimately the bioscouring effects of cotton fabrics using this pectinase were evaluated and some promising results were obtained.     

不同果胶酶对蓝莓出酒率的研究

为提高蓝莓出酒率,以出酒率为指标,用进口果胶酶和国产果胶酶对蓝莓进行酶解处理,通过单因素和正交试验,探索其酶解处理的最优组合。结果表明:2种酶都能大幅提高蓝莓的出酒率,进口果胶酶最佳酶解条件为酶解温度为30℃、加酶量为0.04‰、酶解时间24 h。国产果胶酶最佳酶解条件为酶解温度为25℃、加酶量为0.04‰、酶解时间12 h。但进口果胶酶比国产果胶酶其出汁率均增加10%以上,因此,进口果胶酶更适合应用于提高蓝莓出酒率。     

Influence of medium components on elastase production using crude sources by Bacillus sp. EL31410

A newly isolated strain EL31410,producing elastase(E.C3.4.4.7) with high elastolytic activity was identified as Bacillus sp.In the medium optimization,it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crude carbon ad nitrogen source for enzyme production,respectively.Addition of com steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production.A fractional factorial design was ap-plied to study the main factors that affect the enzyme production,and central composite experimental design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production.The experimental results showed that wheat bran had positive cffect but soybean flour hydrosate had negative effect,on enzyme production.An initial concentration of 3.4%(w/v) wheat bran and 9.4%（v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme produc-tion in batch culture.The time course of elastase production in the optimized medium composition was also de-scribed.