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1.
为研究滑动载荷下关节软骨溶质的扩散行为,采用有限元方法,利用传热学理论对滑动载荷作用下三维软骨模型的溶质扩散进行计算,得到了浓度随时间和位置的分布规律,并与软骨静置时的结果进行比较,分析了滑动载荷参数对扩散的影响.结果表明:滑动载荷作用下,软骨溶质在浅表层和中间层的扩散速度较快,特别是在加载初期;与静置状态以及静态压缩和动态压缩载荷作用相比,滑动加载对促进扩散的效果更明显;过大的压缩量对扩散有抑制作用;增大滑动速度可以促进溶质的传递.  相似文献   

2.
为研究压缩载荷下关节软骨溶质的扩散过程及其规律,采用有限元方法,将三相本构方程转化为两相方程,利用传热学模型对压缩载荷作用下的溶质扩散进行计算,分析了动态压缩幅值及频率对溶质扩散的影响,得到了软骨内溶质浓度的分布图及随时间、位置变化的曲线。结果表明:压缩幅值相同时,静态压缩比动态压缩时软骨内部溶质更容易扩散;动态压缩幅值增加时,对溶质扩散有抑制作用;频率增加,有利于软骨各层溶质扩散。  相似文献   

3.
超声场对毛细管内电解质扩散系数的影响   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
以封闭于毛细管内的溶质扩散模拟固液分离体系中深层溶质扩散过程。采用液相色谱毛细管法测定毛细管内的二元扩散系数 ,通过分析温度、超声场 (排除热效应 )、直接超声场的影响 ,探讨了超声场对微孔深层扩散的强化作用机理。实验结果表明 ,超声场对毛细管内二元扩散系数的影响是热效应和管内流体扰动两方面共同作用的结果。在排除超声场热效应的条件下 ,随超声功率的增大 ,毛细管内的二元扩散系数随之增大 ,相对二元扩散系数与测量的流速无关 ;在无超声场作用时 ,毛细管内的相对二元扩散系数随温度升高而增大 ,呈线性关系。直接超声场的影响可采用超声场的热效应、管内流体扰动及相互作用参数叠加的方式表示。  相似文献   

4.
通过实验与模拟结合,探究不同压缩速率下关节软骨的微观力学性能。基于纤维增强多孔弹性模型,以蛋白多糖和间隙液体为两相、用非线性弹簧单元SPRINGA替代胶原纤维的性能建立有限元模型,并由实验数据确定有限元模型相关参数,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对关节软骨不同层区的率相关性能进行分析。恒定压缩速率下,关节软骨浅表层应变变化最大,深层最小,中间层介于两者之间;不同压缩速率下,压缩速率越大不同层区应变变化相应越大;加载初始时,液相主要在浅表层流动,随时间持续而向中间层及深层流动,液相最大流速渗出位置也相应下移。实验基础上,建立了一个合适的纤维增强多孔弹性模型。关节软骨不同层区力学性能具有率相关性,液相在关节软骨承载机理中起重要作用,承载所造成的软骨内部液相流动有助于软骨内部营养物质的交换流通。  相似文献   

5.
股胫关节接触生物力学研究是人们保护关节减少伤害,理解关节软骨退化造成骨关节病力学成因的关键.该文利用一系列活体膝关节磁共振断层扫描图像(MRI), 构建了含半月板、股胫关节软骨和股骨、胫骨三维实体的膝关节有限元模型.探讨了用有限元显式非线性动力学方法求解关节间存在相对滑动和摩擦时股胫关节接触特性,并模拟分析了在步行过程中外载荷变化时股胫关节的接触力学特性.仿真分析表明: 在载荷增加时,股胫关节接触面积增加,而股胫关节内外侧接触面积之比几乎不变,内外侧平均接触应力基本相等.  相似文献   

6.
本文研究溶质在作圆管层流的牛顿—微极分层流体中的分散规律.在Taylor简化假定下导出速度、浓度和等效扩散系数的解析式,并作数值计算.分析外围层相对分子扩散系数、相对粘度和相对厚度等因素对分散过程的影响.  相似文献   

7.
汤斌  姚正  亢佳帅 《科学技术与工程》2021,21(21):9059-9066
扰动对湛江组结构性黏土触变性具有重要影响,扰动程度不同,湛江组结构性黏土触变强度恢复程度也不同.为探究扰动程度对湛江组结构性黏土触变性的影响规律,对该土展开室内模型试验研究.基于现场原位十字板剪切试验,设计模型装置,采用室内振动试验模拟土样受扰过程,在不同扰动程度(0、33%、66%、100%)、不同静置时间(0、7、28、56、91 d)下对3种土样进行微型十字板剪切试验,在相同扰动程度(66%)、不同静置时间(0、7、28、56、91 d)下对3种土样进行无侧限抗压强度试验,分别测试各静置时间下的微型十字板不排水抗剪强度和无侧限抗压强度,分析扰动程度对土体触变恢复强度的影响规律.结果 表明:土体扰动时间与扰动程度正相关.在相同扰动程度下,强度恢复程度、触变恢复强度比均随静置时间的增加而增大,触变灵敏度随静置时间的增加而降低;土体结构性越强,强度恢复程度、触变恢复强度比随静置时间增加而增大的幅度和速率越大,触变灵敏度随静置时间增加而降低的幅度和速率越大.在不同扰动程度下,强度恢复程度与扰动程度呈线性关系,触变恢复强度比与扰动程度呈反比例关系.  相似文献   

8.
高性能轻集料混凝土在氯盐环境中的耐久性预测   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过测试在海水中静置3年的高性能轻集料混凝土的Cl-分布,计算其Cl-扩散系数Dc并预测其使用寿命。研究结果证明,扩散系数Dc随胶结料用量和轻集料最大粒径增加而有所增加,部分轻砂被天然河砂取代后,Dc基本不变,采用膨胀粘土集料混凝土的Dc比采用烧结粉煤灰轻集料低得多。掺入硅灰可大幅度降低Dc。混凝土的电阻随Dc的降低而大幅度提高。掺硅灰的高性能轻集料混凝土在氯盐环境中的耐久性很好,使用寿命可达数十年至上百年。  相似文献   

9.
利用注射型活性材料重组骨形态发生蛋白-2(recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2,rhBMP-2)修复兔关节软骨,观察其治疗效果.将12只8周龄成年大白兔随机分为2组,均行手术切开双膝髌股关节面制备全层软骨缺损模型,缝合创口后分笼饲养4周,使之成为陈旧性关节软骨缺损模型.再次手术切开关节腔,清除原缺损区纤维组织,钻通骨髓腔.2组分别接受如下治疗:A组应用rhBMP-2纤维蛋白胶,B组单纯生物蛋白胶治疗.分别于10、14、18周处死动物,观察大体和形态学特征,组织学评分.结果A组于10、14周时,软骨缺损被白色半透明坚硬组织平滑修复,富有光泽,与正常软骨边界清楚,18周时修复组织与正常软骨边界模糊,质地坚硬,表面平滑光润;B组于10、14、18周时均未见软骨修复.组织评分A组明显优于B组(P〈0.01).结论:rhBMP-2可以有效修复兔关节软骨的缺损,为组织工程化软骨的临床应用提供了实验依据.  相似文献   

10.
通过拉曼光谱法研究了不同浓度的再生丝素水溶液在常温下存放不同时间的构象变化。发现再生丝素水溶液在静置存放过程中会有结构的变化即无规巷曲和α螺旋向β折叠结构的转变,并且浓度越大,构象转变越快。当溶液处于流动状态时,其构象转变速度要快于静置状态下的转变。同时发现对于新鲜制备出的再生丝素水溶液随浓度的增加,也会发生构象的转变。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

14.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

15.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

16.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

17.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

18.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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