烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

不同处理方式对鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白乳化性的影响

以鲢鱼鱼肉为原料,研究了超声波、微波、加热处理对鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白溶解性的影响.结果表明:蛋白的乳化性及乳化稳定性随加热温度的升高、微波和超声功率的增大及时间的延长均呈现先增大后减小的趋势.与室温下的蛋白相比,35℃加热9 min时的蛋白乳化性提高了36.79%,乳化稳定性在7 min、35℃时提高了14.2%;与未经微波处理的蛋白相比,微波功率100 W、40s时,乳化性提高了1.35倍,乳化稳定性在100 W、30 s时提高了15.85%;与未经超声处理的蛋白相比,乳化性在超声功率160 W,超声时间10 min时提高了56.7%,乳化稳定性在200 W、15 min时提高了9.85%.     

成本价格变化对露天煤矿最终境界的影响

基于经济合理剥采比准则以及地表模型和柱状煤层模型,应用CoalDesign软件系统对内蒙古某露天煤矿进行最终境界设计,得出了不同经济技术条件下的最终境界的形态.分析讨论了最终境界随成本价格变化的情况.实践表明,以当前技术经济参数为基准,原煤价格上升10%,原煤开采量增加79%,岩石剥离量增加115%,第四纪层剥离量增加6%,境界总体积增大95%,不考虑基建投资,利润值增加238%;开采成本降低10%,原煤开采量增加84%,岩石剥离量增加123%,第四纪层剥离量增加65%,境界总体积增大102%,不考虑基建投资,利润值增加245%.可以看出最终境界对成本价格的灵敏度很高,境界分析对矿山生产决策者做出正确决定有重要的参考价值.     

基于集合预报的两种输电线路舞动概率预测方法

利用中国气象局集合预报业务系统GRAPES-EPS（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System Ensemble Prediction System）的15个集合成员预报产品,基于舞动气象模型,分别通过等权重法和集合平均法得到输电线路舞动发生的预测概率,以2016年11月23日和2018年1月4日~6日的电线结冰数据作为实况,检验两种预测方法的效果,结果发现,（1）等权重法和集合平均法预测出的舞动范围均能覆盖实际发生舞动的区域,均可作为舞动发生的客观预测方法;（2）等权重法预测输电线舞动的报对站比例更高而漏报站比例更低,(3)等权重法预测的日最大舞动概率和日平均舞动概率均较集合平均法预测的大;(4) 从空间分布和时间变化来看,等权重法舞动预测的概率值具有一定的连续性,而集合平均法预测的舞动概率值则具有明显的跳跃性,等权重法应用效果较集合平均法更好。     

加强微生物教学"三注重" 促进知识"二化"

介绍了以问题为线索,利用网络资源、参考书籍进行归纳、总结;注重联系学生生活实际及学生动手能力的培养;关注生产实际等手段来激发学生学习微生物学的兴趣,从而有助于学生知识的内化、外化与提高微生物学教学质量的具体方法。     

心理语言学视角下复现关系的语篇分析

复现作为词汇衔接手段,有同义词复现、词汇重复复现、上下义关系复现和概括词复现等实现方式。从心理语言学的角度,分析具体语篇中的复现关系,可得出语篇意义生成的深层次原因,即由说话者的心理认知因素决定并反映说话者的心理认知因素。     

瑞香狼毒根提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的触杀作用

采用点滴法就瑞香狼毒（Stellera chameajasme L.)根乙醇提取物（简称SCEE）对菜粉蝶（Pieris rapae L.）不同虫态的触杀作用进行了测定,采用波特喷雾法就SCEE对菜粉蝶幼虫的毒杀作用的进行了测定,彩注射法就SCEE对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫的毒杀作用进行了测定,结果表明：SCEE对菜粉蝶卵,幼虫,预蛹和蛹的触杀作用差,SCEE对菜粉蝶幼虫的毒杀作用较强（波特喷雾法）,SCEE对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫的毒杀作用强（注射法）。     

反应性单体改性PP/PS共混物的增容作用

制备了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共混物和反应性单体苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸(AA)及其混合单体改性PP/PS共混物,用扫描电镜(SEM)、偏光显微镜(POM)和动态黏弹谱仪(DMA)研究了反应性单体改性PP/PS共混物的相形态与动态力学行为.结果表明反应性单体St存在增容作用,促进PS在PP中的分散,使分散相PS的粒子尺寸减小.反应性单体AA存在明显的异相成核作用,使PP的球晶尺寸降低.St改性共混物的增容作用比AA改性共混物的明显,而AA改性共混物的异相成核作用比St改性的大.     

胰岛素抵抗及高血糖对GFAT活性的影响

分别观察了胰岛素抵抗和高血糖水平对己糖胺途径限速酶GFAT活性的影响.在alloxan高血糖小鼠模型中,与正常对照组比较,血清果糖胺水平升高了15.9%,肾组织GFAT活性升高了32.8%;经胰岛素治疗后,血清果糖胺水平降低了9.7%,其肾组织GFAT活性也降低了l9.4%.在高糖高脂饲料诱导的胰岛素抵抗的IR小鼠中,与同批正常对照组比较,正糖钳实验中稳态时葡萄糖输注率G IR值降低了69.3%,胰岛素耐量实验中的AUC值升高了38.1%,其肾脏组织GFAT活性也增加了26.6%.在胰岛素诱导的具有胰岛素抵抗的IR-H IR c细胞模型中,与正常H IR c细胞比较,其10、25 nmol/L胰岛素诱导的葡萄糖摄取能力分别降低了25.3%、21.1%,而GFAT活性分别增加了29.7%、46.5%.可见,GFAT活性与一段时间的平均血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗状态密切正相关.     

“926”植物生长调节剂对水稻浸种及小区试验的研究

以８０ｐｐｍ“９２６植物生长调节剂对水稻浸种，可提高发芽势４．６％，增加次生根数６．２％，次生根长增加２．０％，以１５０ｐｐｍ浓度浸种，则有抑制作用产生。小区试验表明，以８０ｐｐｍ浓度浸种，增产率为２．３％。以同样浓度于分蘖期、孕穗期一次给药，可分别提高成穗率１２．３７％和１３．８３％，增产率分别为３．７％和２．２％。．     

索引表与逐步回归算法的改进与应用

对索引表算法进行了改进。主要是对原始数据文本按列循环读入一维数组之中，先对一维数组利用冒泡法进行排序，再利用索引表和最小二乘法对原始数据进行R估计，然后对拟合方程的自变量进行了高阶构造，利用主成分分析方法寻求主要影响因素，并结合最小二乘法，从而实现对逐步回归方法的替代。而后，根据以上计算原理建立了搜索最优方程的计算流程，采用这一计算流程可以查找异常值，然后利用EM算法对异常值进行了调整。