稠油解烃菌与乳化剂产生菌复配降解降黏机理

油杆菌W3分离自江苏油田韦5井,能够以稠油为唯一碳源生长,并降解稠油。54℃好氧振荡培养7 d之后,稠油能够完全乳化分散到培养基中,降黏率达到了76.88%,降解速率达到了99.7 mg/d,原油族组分分析发现,稠油中饱和烃,芳香烃和胶质的含量分别降低了4.14%,6.77%和4.33%。该菌与另一株筛选得到的、能够合成乳化剂的地芽孢杆菌W12复配(V_(W3)∶V_(W12)=1∶1)后作用稠油,既能够增强稠油降解效果(降解速率加快,原油族组分含量进一步降低),又能够改善稠油的乳化分散状态(乳化稳定性增强,平均乳化粒径减小56.7%),此时的稠油的乳化黏度为20.59 MPa·s,仅为初始黏度的3.9%。这两株菌的复配增强了稠油降解和乳化的双重降黏效果,大幅提高了稠油的流动性。     

稠油解烃菌与乳化剂产生菌复配降解降粘机理

油杆菌W3分离自江苏油田韦5井,能够以稠油为唯一碳源生长并降解稠油。54℃好氧振荡培养7天之后,稠油能够完全乳化分散到培养中,降粘率达到了76.88%,降解速率达到了99.7 mg/天,原油族组分分析发现,稠油中饱和烃,芳香烃和胶质的含量分别降低了4.14%,6.77%和4.33%。该菌与另一株筛选得到的能够合成乳化剂的地芽孢杆菌W12复配（VW3:VW12=1:1）后作用稠油,既能够增强稠油降解效果（降解速率加快,原油族组分含量进一步降低）,又能够改善稠油的乳化分散状态（乳化稳定性增强,平均乳化粒径减小56.7%）,此时的稠油的乳化粘度为20.59 mPa?s,仅为初始粘度的3.9%。这两株菌的复配增强了稠油降解和乳化的双重降粘效果,大幅提高了稠油的流动性。     

杏四～六面积北部聚驱后微生物对原油的降解作用研究

2001年大庆油田杏四～六面积北部开始聚驱,油水样品选自该区两口试验井,通过对两种不同激活配方培养20 d后的培养液评价得到:微生物在②号原油降解样品激活体系中的生长情况较好,20 d后菌浓可以达到108,排油圈在7 d后达到最大17 cm;微生物菌群分布结构较所加入水样的分布结构发生了明显变化,部分非优势菌被激活;其中鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphin-gobacterium)、油杆菌属(Petrobacter)、拟芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)等都在采油过程中发挥着重要的作用。微生物作用后原油的四组分变化明显,其中饱和烃由原始样品的63.11%增加到66.27%,沥青质由4.57%下降为2.81%;气相色谱和色质联用数据显示:原油经微生物降解后主峰碳由C21变为C23,①原油降解样品的Pr/Ph值由原始的1.062增加为1.156,且随生物降解作用的进行,Pr/nC17和Ph/nC18值均不断增大,大庆原油的∑nC21-/∑nC22+值均发生了不同程度的降低,其中②原油降解样由原始的0.915下降为0.685;大庆原油中萘系列化合物和菲系列化合物含量占到了芳烃化合物含量的80%以上,菲系列化合物的含量达到52.71%,"三芴"系列化合物的含量为11.28%,艹屈系列和联苯系列化合物的含量分别为3.76%和0.59%,其他芳烃化合物的总含量为4.34%;在微生物作用下多环芳烃中支链的甲基很容易被降解。     

芽孢杆菌HBS-4产生的表面活性剂及其与原油相互作用研究

菌株HBS-4是从油藏分离的1株芽孢杆菌,该菌株在其代谢过程中产生脂肽和糖脂类生物表面活性物质.可将发酵液的表面张力降低到25.6 mN/m.在细菌与原油相互作用的过程中,生物表面活性剂不仅具有分散、乳化原油的作用,而且有协助细菌代谢原油的作用.实验结果表明,生物表面活性剂在pH值5～12之间保持稳定,当pH值小于5时,会逐渐失活,所以控制发酵液的pH值,有利于细菌对原油的降解.原油与细菌作用12 d后,原油的沥青质和芳烃组分被转化和降解, 相对含量分别降低了2.89%和17.39%,原油的饱和烃∑C21/∑C22 比值由开始的0.39升为1.36, 长链的饱和烃被降解为短链的饱和烃.     

厌氧微生物对新疆六中区稠油的降解特性

厌氧微生物作为油藏中微生物的重要组成部分,受到人们越来越多的关注,但是关于对原油的降解效果和降解机制的研究报道较少.对发酵菌富集培养物和产甲烷菌富集培养物作用前后的原油进行色质联用分析,结果表明:产甲烷菌富集培养物作用后的原油,其原油族组成变化明显,饱和烃和胶质相对含量降低,而芳香烃和沥青质相对含量上升,其中正构烷烃的含量有所增加,尤其是大于C22的正构烷烃的含量增加明显,藿烷及其同系物的含量也都有所上升.而发酵菌富集培养物作用后,饱和烃、芳烃以及胶质含量都略有上升,变化最明显的沥青质作用后下降了2%,发酵菌富集培养物降解了原油中的杂环芳烃二苯并噻吩和二苯并呋喃.同时两种富集培养物对二环芳烃的降解作用明显.产甲烷菌富集培养物和发酵菌富集培养物作用后,新疆六中区原油中短链正构烷烃含量相对增加,而长链正构烷烃含量则相对减少,∑nC21-/∑nC22+值由作用前1.033分别下降到1.023和1.015,Pr/Ph的值基本都保持在0.945左右,但是Pr/nC17和Ph/nC18都有所增大.总的来说,产甲烷菌富集培养物对原油的降解作用更明显,两种不同厌氧微生物的富集培养物对原油的作用表现出了一定的选择性.     

胍胶降解菌对地层压裂液伤害的修复机制

针对低渗致密砂岩油藏压裂中压裂液对油层的污染和伤害,研究采用微生物方法修复胍胶压裂液地层伤害的机制。从油藏产出水中,以胍胶为唯一碳源采用稀释平板法分离筛选出胍胶降解菌;通过菌落和细胞形态、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定;通过测定菌株降解胍胶中表观黏度、平均相对分子质量变化以及对压裂液残渣和粒径的分析,评价菌株对胍胶压裂液的降解效果;并通过岩心流动模拟实验,研究压裂液对岩心的伤害及微生物修复效果。结果表明:从地层产出水中分离的7株细菌中,1株细菌可高效降解胍胶,经鉴定为Bacillus paralicheniformis(CGS)。该菌降解胍胶压裂液后,表观黏度从117 m Pa·s降低到3.3 m Pa·s,降黏率达到97.0%;平均相对分子质量从119 062降低到28 089;降解过程中有CO_2、N_2O气体的产生并代谢产生了可使胍胶降解的活性物质;压裂液残渣从81.67 mg变为51.67 mg,降低了36.73%,残渣粒径从78.598μm变为59.905μm,降低了23.78%。原始渗透率为108.70×10~(-3)和16.90×10~(-3)μm~2的岩心在压裂液污染后渗透率分别为5.18×10~(-3)和7.93×10~(-3)μm~2,经微生物修复后,渗透率恢复为92.58×10~(-3)和16.32×10~(-3)μm~2,恢复率分别为85.17%和96.57%。     

以稠油为唯一碳源的降解菌株的筛选与评价

通过以稠油为唯一碳源的原油平板实验,从胜利油田油水井中筛选获得2株稠油降解菌株BY和TH,经分子生物学鉴定菌株BY和TH分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).菌株在40℃下均能产生显著的扩油圈.摇瓶实验结果显示2株菌与稠油作用后能发生明显的乳化分散现象.降解菌与稠油作用后,沥青质质量分数降低率分别为40.7％和32.5％,降黏率分别为64％和53％,且使发酵液的表面张力从63 mN/m分别降低至35 mN/m和40 mN/m左右,结果证明了菌株BY和TH在稠油降黏技术上具有潜力.     

高矿化度条件下石油烃降解菌种的筛选与评价

为了获得高效石油降解菌种,以原油为唯一碳源,从油水混合物中分离筛选出菌株.研究不同的温度、转速等对菌体生长情况和石油降解率的影响.在实验条件下,2株优势菌在适宜的条件下对石油的降黏率可分别高达28.5%、51.5%.偏酸或偏碱环境均不利于菌体生长,培养温度对2株菌体生长和石油降解率影响较大,最佳温度是35℃.在高矿化度条件下,菌株对原油仍有降解作用,降黏率为40%以上.原油组分分析结果表明,菌种在以原油为碳源培养后,使原油组分中沥青质、非烃及芳烃类含量均发生变化.     

聚甘油单硬脂酸酯乳化二甲基硅油及乳液表征

用聚甘油单硬脂酸酯复配乳化1 Pa.s的二甲基硅油,考察复配乳化剂的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)对乳液体积平均粒径、乳液黏度、乳液离心稳定性的影响以及乳液的耐高温稳定性。结果表明:复配乳化剂HLB值对乳液体积平均粒径、黏度、离心稳定性的影响显著,选择高聚合度的亲水型乳化剂和高聚合度的亲油型乳化剂进行复配乳化,有利于形成稳定的硅油乳液。最佳乳化条件为乳化剂(二聚甘油单硬酯和八聚甘油单硬脂酸酯,HLB=10.5)、硅油和水的质量比为7∶23∶70。在最佳乳化条件下制得的乳液体积平均粒径为8.06μm,黏度为387 mPa.s,固相质量分数差为2.91%。乳液高温稳定性良好,在110℃保持5 h,乳液体积平均粒径增大至11.63μm,固相质量分数差增大至6.12%。     

降解原油混合微生物菌株的筛选及其性能

从30个土样中筛选出3株高效降解原油的菌株,它们为DCH-16,DCH-19和DCH-20,7天后原油降解率分别为75.6%,80.3%和73.2%.经鉴定,分别是脂肪酸芽孢杆菌属Alicycolobacillus,芽孢肠状杆菌属Sporomaculum和盐芽孢杆菌属Halobacillus.将此3株高效降解原油菌在原油培养基中进行混合培养,结果表明,在相同条件下混合菌原油降解效果优于单菌.将混合菌株(DCH-19 DCH-20)用于处理原油时,原油降解率达89.1%;用于胜华炼油厂废水处理时,原油降解率为80.2%,表明该混合菌株有较好的降解原油能力.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.