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1.
通过对珠江口盆地沉积物地球化学成分分析表明,大洋钻探计划(ODP)184站所揭示的主要构造沉积地层界线在珠江口盆地中亦同样存在,其元素在32,23.9,16Ma时存在明显的突变,界线十分明显;这些陆源沉积物成分的变化是构造运动造成源区发生改变的直接证据.化学蚀变指数显示,珠江口盆地在32,23.9,16Ma时期存在物理风化增强而化学风化减弱的突变事件,  相似文献   

2.
太湖现代沉积物的物质组成和形成条件分析   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
对太湖现代沉积物进行了X射线衍射分析、粒度分析和常量元素分析,由此推断它们的矿物成分、化学风化程度差异,并分析了不同的水动力条件和物源。太湖沉积物的主要矿物组成是石英、云母、正长石和钠长石,粘土矿物为伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石。化学组成显示,太湖沉积物的烧失量较高,与上部陆壳平均化学成分相比,Na、Na、K、Mg亏损,Mn、Ti富集,上部陆壳成分标准化图表明其风化程度明显强于下蜀土。化学风化程度指标CIA、Na/K值和Fe/Mg值的变化也表明太湖沉积物的化学风化作用比下蜀土强,,并存在地域的差别。太湖沉积物的CaCO3含量明显较低,反映了太湖流域本身的特点。所有这些特征表明,太湖沉积物的形成不仅与物源、地域位置有关,而且明显受人类活动的影响。  相似文献   

3.
为探究准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组陆源碎屑岩的沉积环境、风化程度及物源,对该凹陷内的吉174井岩心样品中的泥岩进行主量元素和微量元素实验分析。研究了芦草沟组泥岩氧化还原敏感微量元素比值、化学蚀变指数(CIA)、稀土元素含量与比值特征、泥岩源区岩性分布和古构造背景。结果表明:吉木萨尔凹陷中二叠世水体为贫氧的弱还原-还原环境;碎屑颗粒从物源区到沉积盆地经历了低强度的风化与简单循环过程;研究区母岩以凹陷西南部依林黑比尔根山地区晚古生代花岗岩为主,有部分基性岩及古老沉积物混入,具有多源性;沉积构造背景属于大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘环境。  相似文献   

4.
在野外地质地貌考察与采样的基础上,利用X射线荧光光谱分析对巢湖东部第四纪红土的微量元素含量进行测定,结合微量元素富集指数和因子分析方法,并将巢湖东部第四纪红土与长江河漫滩沉积物、西北黄土沉积物和上陆壳的相应微量元素通过判别函数和物源指数相比较,初步探讨了巢湖东部第四纪红土的微量元素地球化学特征及其物源。结果表明:(1)微量元素变化率△值显示,微量元素Sr的△0且|△|10%,表明其相对Ti发生了少量的迁移,微量元素Ni、Mo、Ga、Zn、V、Cu、Ba、Co、Cr、Pb、Th和Nb的△值 0,表明这些元素相对Ti在化学风化过程中发生了富集;(2)巢湖东部第四纪红土、长江河漫滩沉积物和西北黄土沉积物的各微量元素与上陆壳(UCC)微量元素平均值的对比发现,巢湖东部第四纪红土与西北黄土沉积物的微量元素相似度较高,而长江河漫滩沉积物显示了Pb、Zn、Cu和V的富集,与上述两者不同;(3)将三地的判别函数FD值和物源指数IP进行分析,巢湖东部红土IP黄土为0. 395(0. 5),而IP长江河漫滩为0. 605( 0. 5),表明巢湖东部第四纪红土的元素组成更接近于西北黄土沉积物,而不同于长江河漫滩沉积物,主要物源十分类似于西北黄土,而异于长江河漫滩沉积物。  相似文献   

5.
暖池区1.53 Ma以来上层海水变化的颗石藻证据   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对位于西太平洋暖池区核心的大洋钻探计划(ODP)807站1.53Ma以来深海沉积样品进行了颗石藻化石分析,通过Florisphaeraprofunda数量百分比讨论了营养跃层深度变化的趋势,并计算了初级生产力.结果表明1.53Ma以来暖池核心区海水营养跃层经历了明显变化:从1.53~0.9Ma,营养跃层深度逐渐变浅;自0.9Ma起营养跃层开始变深并保持到0.48Ma;0.48~0.28Ma之间是营养跃层深度明显变浅的一个时期,在这以后营养跃层逐渐变深.根据颗石藻得出的海水营养跃层变化与初级生产力变化基本一致,也与根据浮游有孔虫转换函数得出的温跃层深度变化趋势基本一致.对比ODP807站和南海ODP1143站F.profunda数量百分比和初级生产力变化曲线,两站在0.9Ma以前变化的趋势相反,而0.9Ma以后基本一致.说明0.9Ma以前暖池核心地区与边缘区上层海水的变化有差异,而0.9Ma以后两者则趋同.  相似文献   

6.
长江三峡库区紫色土的元素迁移特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对长江三峡库区不同母岩上发育的紫色土样品进行X射线荧光光谱的化学全量分析及化学蚀变指数CIA值、风化特征值和质量迁移系数的详细计算,揭示了不同母岩上发育的紫色土化学风化强度和主量元素的迁移特征:母岩为砂岩发育的紫色土具有较高的CIA值,母岩为粉砂岩和泥岩上发育的紫色土的CIA值较低;不同元素组分迁移行为在剖面上的表现有明显的差异,CaO在所有剖面上净迁出,多数剖面均有Al2O3、Fe2O3的净获得;母岩为砂岩发育的紫色土剖面上Ca、K、Na、Al、Fe、Si6种元素均流失,而粉砂岩、泥岩发育的紫色土以上6种元素相对富积,Mg元素的迁移系数远小于Ca元素,其迁移性较小,在母岩和土壤中的含量相对稳定;Na元素的迁移系数较大,迁移速率较快.  相似文献   

7.
定量分析了南海南部ODP184航次1143站位12Ma以来沉积物中的放射虫.结果显示自晚中新世以来放射虫丰度有三个演化阶段,在时间上与西太平洋暖池的形成及盛衰变化很好的对应.其中5.96—3.3Ma放射虫缺失,硅藻也完全消失,但钙质生物的变化并不显著.这一放射虫缺失事件在时间上与巴拿马海道和印尼海道的关闭接近,故被认为是由于巴拿马海道和印尼海道的逐渐关闭,大洋环流重组,经历晚中新世的"生物勃发"时期,海水中营养大量消耗,同时期太平洋暖池减弱,东亚季风强度弱,影响到表层放射虫生产力.生物硅溶解作用及强烈的构造运动均对放射虫丰度产生了一定的影响.  相似文献   

8.
第三纪火山沉积硼矿与火山岩关系研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
第三纪火山沉积硼矿的物源与同时代的火山岩有密切联系,火山岩与岩浆活动也有遗传关系。硼富集的两种方式:洋壳经过水下蚀变导致硼富集以及深海沉积物从海水吸附硼,俯冲带内蚀变洋壳和深海沉积物在脱水过程中释放的富硼流体。富硼流体通过岩浆作用融入岩石圈地幔,最后形成富硼火山岩。富硼火山岩通过风化、热液淋滤出硼通过流水、热液(泉)搬入盆地,形成火山沉积硼矿。  相似文献   

9.
采用地球化学测试分析方法对鄂西地区上二叠统大隆组碎屑岩进行了风化程度、物源和构造背景研究,结果表明:鄂西地区大隆组沉积岩富SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Fe_2O_3,贫CaO,平均质量分数分别为72.18%、9.77%、2.96%与0.08%;矫正烧失量后, Fe_2O_3T~+MgO(均值4.25%)、TiO_2(均值0.44%)、Al_2O_3/SiO_2(物质的量比值,均值0.16),最接近活动大陆边缘特征值.球粒陨石标准化曲线呈右倾式,轻重稀土分馏较强,δ(Ce)为0.68~1.00,均值0.86,轻微亏损;δ(Eu)为0.36~0.72,均值0.56,中等亏损.大隆组泥质岩(Gd/Yb)N2.0,物源主要来自后太古宙上陆壳沉积岩;大隆组样品成分变异指数(ICV)为0.56~1.36,平均值0.89,其中下部ICV 1,指示长兴期早期扬子板块北缘构造运动强烈,物源可能直接来自活动大陆边缘初次沉积物;上部ICV1,表明沉积物在稳定构造环境下沉积,物源具有沉积再旋回特性;大隆组下段风化指数(CIA)=65~70,其上段CIA=72~84,气候经历了由干冷向高温转变过程; ICV与CIA具有较好的负相关性(r=-0.93), CIA变化主要是由不同时期输入碎屑物质差异造成的;元素地球化学特征与判别图解综合分析表明,大隆组形成于活动大陆边缘环境,物源具有长英质岩属性,源区以扬子板块北部的秦岭造山带为主.  相似文献   

10.
对广西龙塘蚀变流纹岩风化剖面中六个难溶元素的活动性进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,Ti、Nb和Ta元素在整个风化成土过程中基本上保持了它们的稳定性。Zr、Hf和Th在风化剖面上部有明显的富集 ,可能与矿物锆石与钍石在风化壳表层被腐植酸溶解后向下迁移被蒙脱石与非晶质氧化铁吸附有关。  相似文献   

11.
Shallow marine sequences of the northern South China Sea (SCS) are uplifted and exposed by plate convergence in the Taiwan mountain belt. These deposits provide detailed geological information about the rifting event, stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleoclimate and paleoceanography of the shallow SCS to compare with what are recorded in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. Seismic surveys and marine micropalentological studies show that Eocene sequences in the offshore Taiwan Strait and onland Taiwan mountain belt are all deposited in rifting basins and are covered unconformably by the Late Oligocene-Neogene post-rifting strata. Between syn-rifting and post-rifting sequences, there is a regional break-up unconformity throughout the island. Early Oligocene and Late Eocene strata are missing along the break-up unconformity equivalent to the T7 unconformity in the Pearl River Mouth Basin off south China. This may suggest that the SCS oceanic crust could have initiated between 33 and 39 Ma. Neither obvious stratigraphic gap nor slumping features are found in the Oligocene-Miocene transition interval of Taiwan. This observation highly contrasts with what has been documented from the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. This suggests that the stratigraphic gap and slumping features could only be recorded in the SCS deep sea region, but not in the shallow shelf near Taiwan. Compared to the Middle Miocene paleoceanographic re-organization events in the SCS deep sea, the geological history of the Taiwan shallow sequence shows changes of in sedimentation and faunal composition. Due to the Antarctic glacial expansion at~14 Ma, Middle to late Miocene strata of the Western Foothills show progressive regression sedimentations associated with a decrease of benthic foraminif-eral abundance and a sharp faunal turnover event. Many Early-Middle Miocene endemic benthic foraminifers were extinct in 14-13 Ma and new benthic foraminifers of the Kuroshio Current fauna appeared from 10.2 Ma, comparable with new occurrence of Modern benthic foraminifers at 9 Ma in the Java Sea area. This reveals that the Western Boundary Kuroshio Current in the North Pacific could initiate from 10-9 Ma due to closures of the Indo-Pacific seaways by convergent tectonics between the Australian Continent and the Indonesian Arc in 12-8 Ma. Subduction of the SCS oceanic lithosphere since the Middle Miocene resulted in formation of the Hengchun Ridge accretionary prism and the North Luzon Arc. Occurrence of these two bathymetric highs ( 2400 m) since the Middle Miocene and closures of the inter-arc passages in the North Luzon arc in the last 3.5 Ma would control the water exchanges between the West Pacific and the deep SCS. Accordingly, the tectonic evolution in the Central Range-Hengchun Peninsula accretionary prism and the arc-forearc Coastal Range not only control directly the route for water exchanges between the West Pacific and the SCS, but also indirectly shows a great influence on the geochemistry of deep SCS waters. The latter is best shown by much negative carbon isotope values of benthic foraminifers in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core than the West Pacific records in the last 14 Ma.  相似文献   

12.
南海珠江21Ma深水扇特征及控制因素   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过对珠江口盆地白云凹陷三维地震资料解释、钻井、测井及岩心资料的观察和描述,对21 Ma发育的深水扇特征、沉积模式及控制因素进行研究。结果表明:岩心上发育正递变层理、鲍马序列和滑塌变形等多种典型重力流构造,指示了沉积物为半深海环境下的重力流沉积;地震资料上可识别出水道、水道堤岸复合体、朵体等典型深水扇构型;21 Ma深水扇沉积模式为陆架边缘三角洲-峡谷-深水扇的沉积模式,是在珠江口盆地的构造格局、相对海平面变化、坡折带演化、断裂系统的形成及古珠江三角洲的物源供给能力等多种因素的控制和有效配置下形成的。  相似文献   

13.
南海珠江深水扇系统的沉积构造背景分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
从深水扇系统的观点出发,主要基于对最近所采集的穿越整个白云凹陷的700余公里长电缆深反射(深达14 s)地震资料综合解释,结合南海大洋钻探的成果,对南海珠江深水扇系统沉积的构造背景特征进行了综合分析.研究发现:白云主凹在早中新世-中中新世期间(即大约距今25~10 Ma)是一个因坳陷期盆地基底的持续沉降及其相关断裂活动而形成的南海北部陆缘上的斜坡内盆地;白云主凹这个"斜坡内盆地"有别于世界上其它位于被动大陆边缘背景中(如西非近海、巴西近海、墨西哥湾)的斜坡内盆地;海平面变化、沉积物通量变化、构造活动等地质营力都在斜坡内盆地的构造背景上对南海珠江深水扇系统在不同时期产生了不同程度的重要影响.简言之,斜坡内盆地成就了南海珠江深水扇系统.这为以后进一步全面深入研究南海珠江深水扇系统的形成机制、演化过程、结构特征等有着重要意义.  相似文献   

14.
This paper discusses deep crustal architecture of the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea based on velocity analysis, time-depth conversion and seismic interpretation of the deep seismic reflection profile DSRP-2002. The profile was acquired and processed to 14 S TWT by the China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC) in 2002. It extends across the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, from the northern continental shelf of the SCS to the deepwater province. As the first deep seismic reflection profile in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, this profile reveals seismic phases from basement down to upper most mantle. The Moho surface appears in the profile as an undulating layer of varying thickness of 1-3 km. It is not a single reflector interface, but a velocity gradient or interconversion layer. The crust thins stepwisely from the shelf to the continental slope and the abyssal plain (from north to south), and also thins under depocenters. The crustal thickness is only 7 km in the depocenter of the main Baiyun Sag, which corresponds to a Moho upwelling mirroring the basement topography. In the lower slope and the ocean-continental transition zone of the southernmost portion of the profile, three sub-parallel, NW-dipping strong reflectors found at depths around 10--21 km are interpreted as indications of a subducted Mesozoic oceanic crust. Crustal faults exist in the northern and southern boundaries of the Baiyun Sag. The intense and persistent subsidence of the Baiyun Sag might be related to the long-term activity of the crustal faults.  相似文献   

15.
清代珠江流域旱涝灾害变化特征与R/S分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在整理清代1644-1911年的历史文献资料的基础上,统计了珠江流域以及各个子流域的旱涝灾害发生频次.利用滑动平均、小波分析等方法研究了清代珠江流域的旱涝灾害演变趋势和周期;通过R/S分析计算Hurst指数,预测未来旱涝变化特征,并通过近50年的气象降水资料计算的SPI指数对预测结果进行验证.结果表明:清代珠江流域洪涝灾害的频次整体高于干旱灾害的频次,其中1695年、 1860年和1894年既发生了流域性干旱也发生了流域性洪涝;旱涝频次的主要振荡周期为32~34 a;珠江流域未来的干旱、洪涝灾害整体变化将与过去的变化趋势一致,且流域洪涝序列的Hurst指数比干旱序列的Hurst指数更为接近1.0,说明清代珠江流域洪涝序列的趋势延续性比干旱序列更强.  相似文献   

16.
 番禺低隆起地区是珠江口盆地最有利的油气勘探区域之一,目前已经在该区发现了多个气田和含气构造,天然气地质储量达1200亿m3,成藏条件非常有利。随着勘探的不断深入,目前面临着可供钻探的构造目标越来越少的难题。通过对珠江口盆地番禺低隆起三维地震资料解释,结合钻井、古生物、测井等资料,开展层序划分对比工作,建立区域层序地层格架,揭示了研究区三级层序界面的识别标志及等时地层结构的基本特征,并对层序格架内沉积相的构成、分布特征及演化、有利储盖组合特征进行了研究,对今后该区的油气勘探具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

17.
The low-velocity layer (LVL), closely related with tectonic activities and dynamic settings, has always been a hot topic in the deep crustal structure studies. The deep seismic (OBS/OBH) and onshore-offshore experiments have been extensively implemented in the northern South China Sea (SCS) since the 1990s. Six seismic profiles were finished on the northern margin of SCS by domestic and international cooperations. The features of crustal structures were revealed and five velocity-inversion layers were discovered. Among them three LVLs with 3.0—3. 5 km·s-1 velocity are located in the sedimentary structure (2.0—6.0 km in depth and 2.0—4. 6 km in thickness) of the Yinggehai Basin and Pearl River Mouth Basin. They were identified by the reflective and refractive phases for their shallow depth. The other two LVLs with 5.5—6.0 km·s-1 velocity generally existed in the middle crust (7.0—18.0 km in depth) with an about 2.5—6.0 km thickness in the transitional crustal structure of the northeastern and northwestern SCS. They were detected by the refractive phase from their overlain and underlying layers. We explored the possible tectonic formation mechanisms combining with previously reported results, which provided evidence for the formation and evolution of SCS.  相似文献   

18.
利用钻井、测井及地震资料,通过对珠江口盆地(东部)大量的岩心和薄片的观察鉴定以及对地震剖面资料的精细解释,进而探讨珠江组碳酸盐台地的沉积特征与地震响应特征.珠江口盆地(东部)碳酸盐岩由于古地貌及海侵时间的差异性,珠江组沉积序列,特别是碳酸盐台地的沉积厚度及发育时间,存在明显的差异性.碳酸盐台地沉积相带发育齐全,包括:开阔台地、台地边缘及其台地前缘斜坡3类沉积相.碳酸盐台地的地震相特征突出,易于识别.  相似文献   

19.
Integrated study on the tectonic, basin filling and thermal evolution of the Tertiary basins on the northern margin of the South China Sea has indicated that the rift continental margin on the northern South China Sea is not a passive margin and that the western margin is characteristic of the transform-extension. Episodic rifting and the thermal events since 10 Ma in the area have been documented by the integrated analysis of dynamic process. It has been clarified that the tectono-thermal events have exerted a significant influence on basin features and hydrocarbon accumulation, and particularly, the westward collision of the Lusong Island Arc, the generation of densely spaced faults in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, the rapid subsidence, high heat flow and large-scale over pressure and thermal-fluid breakthrough in the Yinggehai and the Qiongdongnan basins have proved to be the important factors determining the formation of oil and gas in these basins.  相似文献   

20.
南海北部珠江口盆地白云凹陷的地震资料分析显示,该区域自始新世以来断裂系统十分发育.断层表现出张性或张扭性特征并具有多期活动的特点.在平面上,断裂主要为NWW、近EW和 NE向.根据断层平面展布及组合形态,可将它们分为平行断层系、雁列断层系和树枝状断层系3种组合形式.根据断裂发育时间及规模,可将断裂的活动期次划分为以下几个阶段:剧烈活动期(Tg—T8)、较强中等活动期(T8—T6)、平静稳定期(T6—T2)、再度活化期(T2—T1).断裂发育的时间及特点对凹陷的构造演化和沉积过程起着重要的控制作用.  相似文献   

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