葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺浓度对杂交瘤细胞生长代谢的影响

在生物反应器的批培养过程中考察了葡萄糖及谷氨酰胺浓度对杂交瘤细胞生长及代谢的影响。当葡萄糖浓度降至1～4mmol／L，谷氨酰胺浓度降至0．4～2mmol／L时，细胞生长并未受到明显影响，但细胞代谢途径发生转换，乳酸及氨的生成显著减少。葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺浓度的比例对杂交瘤细胞的生长及代谢也有影响，葡萄糖相对较多时，其细胞得率小，乳酸得率大；而当谷氨酰胺相对较多时，其细胞得率小，氨得率大。实验结果表明谷氨酰胺与葡萄糖的能量代谢在某种程度上可进行相互补充。     

底物限制对杂交瘤细胞生长、代谢和单抗生成的影响

考察了葡萄糖或谷氨酰胺限制的批培养中杂交瘤细胞的生长、代谢和单抗生成。葡萄糖或谷氨酰胺限制时最大活细胞密度基本相同,为(1.0±0.1)×106cells/mL。葡萄糖限制时,乳酸生成减少,YLac/Glc降低,YCell/Glc增加,提示葡萄糖更多地参与三羧酸循环。谷氨酰胺限制时,氨和丙氨酸生成减少,YAmm/Gln增加,YAla/Gln减小,提示谷氨酰胺的能量利用率提高。谷氨酰胺缺失时异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸等替代谷氨酰胺,维持细胞生长和单抗合成,产物是甘氨酸和天冬氨酸。单抗生成与细胞生长关联,并且细胞停止生长后单抗仍生成。细胞死亡阶段的qMAb约是生长阶段的一半。葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺共限制下细胞对单抗的生产能力比葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺单独限制时小。     

谷氨酰胺化学发光生物传感器的研制及应用

基于NBS-二氯荧光素-氨化学发光体系,结合流动注射技术,在白萝卜中存在的谷氨酰胺酶作用下,谷氨酰胺被水解释放出氨,产生化学发光信号.据此制成了化学发光生物传感器.谷氨酰胺浓度在1×10-6-1×10-5g/mL范围内与化学发光信号强度成线性关系.对5×10-6g/mL的谷氨酰胺进行了11次平行测定,得相对标准偏差为4.2%.根据IUPAC规定,算出谷氨酰胺的检测限(3σ)为3×10-7g/mL.将本法用于谷氨酰胺制剂(麦滋林-S颗粒)中谷氨酰胺含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

谷氨酰胺对杂交瘤细胞生长代谢的影响

研究了不同浓度的谷氨酰胺对分泌抗小细胞肺癌单克隆抗体的2F7杂交瘤细胞生长、葡萄糖消耗、乳酸及氨的生成等代谢过程的影响。在细胞培养箱中,用含不同浓度谷氨酰胺的培养液培养2F7杂交瘤细胞,培养条件为pH 7.2～7.4,温度37℃,5%CO_2、95%空气。实验表明,适宜于2F7杂交瘤细胞生长的谷氨酰胺浓度为2.5 mmol/L,谷氨酰胺浓度与细胞的葡萄糖消耗呈反比,与乳酸生成浓度呈反比,与氨的生成浓度呈正比。     

营养物质及代谢产物对杂交瘤细胞生长的影响

研究了葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、氨和乳酸对鼠鼠杂交瘤细胞G_5F_4生长的影响。实验发现,对于G_5F_4细胞,最适宜的葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺浓度范围分别为21～41 mmol/L和6～10mmol/L。乳酸是细胞生长的弱抑制剂,在正常培养产生的乳酸范围内(1.5～2.0 mg/InL),对细胞生长无明显抑制作用。氨是一种强抑制剂,其浓度在2.5～5.0mmol/L内,表现出较明显的抑制作用;当其浓度超过5.0 mmol/L时,有严重的抑制作用,细胞生长基本停止。     

黑老虎植株不同部位木脂素和萜类成分分析

黑老虎(Kadsura coccinea)为传统中药材，为深入了解木脂素类和萜类成分在植株不同部位的分布和积累状况，采用广泛靶向代谢组学技术鉴定其叶、茎、根中的代谢物，基于结构配置解析木脂素和萜类的多样性和丰度。结果显示：在黑老虎植株中共鉴定出39个木脂素类化合物，根(32个，特有13个)>茎和叶(同为24个)，3个部位含17个相同的木脂素类化合物；同时，鉴定出41个萜类成分，根(39个)>茎和叶(同为36个)，3个部位含34个相同的萜类化合物。黑老虎根部木脂素类化合物丰度(114.62×10⁶)远高于叶(23.37×10⁶)和茎(25.96×10⁶),萜类化合物丰度为根(74.16×10⁶)>叶(37.06×10⁶)>茎(17.36×10⁶),根部与叶、茎相同及特有的木脂素和萜类化合物丰度均较高。日本南五味子木脂素G、乙酰表戈米辛R、Kadcoccilactone F等在黑老虎根中高度富集，在叶、茎、根中都鉴定出Kadcoccilactone Q-R、Kadcoccilactone M等三萜类化合物，表明黑老虎具有较高的研究与利用价值。     

Effects of lanthanum and gadolinium on proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts

The effects of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ on the proliferation, differentiation and adipogenic transdifferentiation of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells (ROB cells) were evaluated by MTT method， measuring the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Oil red O measurement. Both of La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ inhibited the proliferation of ROB cells at all concentrations (1×10^-5, 1×10^-6, 1×10^-7, 1×10^-8, 1×10^-9 mol?L^-1). La³⁺ at concentration of 1×10^-5 mol?L^-1 significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of ROB cells up to 3 folds (P<0.01). However, the effects reversed to inhibit at other concentrations. Gd³⁺ played a negative role in the alkaline phosphatase activity. La³⁺ inhibited the adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells at all concentrations in a dose-dependent way. However, Gd³⁺ promoted the adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells at 1×10^-8 and 1×10^-9 mol?L^-1. These findings suggested that the effects of rare earth elements on the proliferation, differentiation and adipogenic transdifferentiation of ROB cells were dependent on their concentrations and species     

衡阳市中心城区城市绿地生态系统服务供需匹配研究

以衡阳市中心城区为例,结合城市绿地生态系统服务功能特点,采用生态模型法和价值当量法测算空气净化、气候调节、休闲娱乐和水源涵养4项生态系统服务的供给和需求,并分析其空间匹配关系。结果表明:1)生态系统服务空气净化、气候调节、休闲娱乐和水源涵养供给能力分别为21.75×10⁶元、167.01×10⁸元、50.42×10⁶元和288.83×10⁶元,空间上总体呈现中心低四周高的空间分布特点。2)各生态系统服务需求分别为73.77×10³元、2 076.71×10⁸元、2 532.94×10⁶元和630.27×10⁸元,其空间呈现中心高四周低的空间特征。3)各生态系统服务的供需匹配度从高到低依次是空气净化(0.51)、气候调节(－0.57)、休闲娱乐(－0.66)和水源涵养(－0.68),且具有明显的空间差异性,空气净化匹配度高值区主要分布在城区周边区域,其他三项生态服务高值区则主要分布在研究区的东北部。     

杂交瘤细胞流加培养过程中不同拟稳态下的代谢动力学分析

采用流加培养方式,实现了杂交瘤细胞在营养物富裕、葡萄糖限制和谷氨酰胺限制3种条件下的拟稳态培养。代谢动力学分析表明:葡萄糖限制时,葡萄糖比消耗速率(qGluc)降低到1.1×10-9mmol/(cell·d),相比营养物富裕时降低了40%以上;乳酸生成量降到最低。谷氨酰胺限制时,谷氨酰胺的最小比消耗速率(qGln)约为0.28×10-9mmol/(cell·d),相比营养物富裕时降低了56%以上;氨的比生成速率降低到0.23×10-9mmol/(cell·d),营养物富裕时为0.93×10-9mmol/(cell·d);丙氨酸的生成降到最低。3种拟稳态下单抗的比生成速率都在29×10-9~37×10-9mg/(cell·d)。本文的流加培养设计方法为快速认识细胞的代谢规律,设计相应的培养基和调控策略,实现细胞高密度和产物高浓度的培养过程提供了指导。     

Methoprene对SpltNPV增殖及其LC50的影响

 通过对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(SpltNPV)在其不同龄期宿主体内增殖情况的研究,探索保幼激素类似物(JHA)methoprene促进SpltNPV在其宿主体内增殖的途径,为今后广泛利用methoprene进行高效率、低成本增殖昆虫杆状病毒杀虫剂提供理论依据和方法.运用正交组合的方法筛选3种主要因子(病毒感染浓度、methoprene用量和methoprene施用时间)对提高病毒增殖产量进行最佳组合实验.实验确立了以1×10⁷PIBs/mL感染6龄刚蜕皮的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,并于感染第1天滴加10μL methoprene的最佳组合方法,病毒总产量和平均病毒产量分别可达1 856.0×10⁸PIBs和62.2×10⁸PIBs.并测定了methoprene处理对SpltNPV病毒LC₅₀的影响.经methoprene处理后,病毒的LC₅₀由1.578×10⁷PIBs/mL增加至9.151×10⁷PIBs/mL.     

青藏高原珍稀大型真菌亚东木耳菌丝发酵条件研究

为了更好地开发利用西藏珍稀大型真菌亚东木耳,对亚东木耳菌丝生长和次级代谢条件进行研究。考察了不同培养基成分和培养条件对亚东木耳菌丝生长速度、生物量和次级代谢产物产量的影响。结果表明,可溶性淀粉、酵母浸粉和CaCl₂分别为亚东木耳生长代谢的较佳碳源、氮源和无机盐,维生素B₁、B₂对菌丝生长无明显促进作用。较佳培养温度为26℃,较佳培养时间为63d,菌丝生长较佳初始pH值为7.0,较佳次级代谢初始pH值为6.0。HPLC图谱分析结果表明,次级代谢产物种类多达200余种,其中初始pH值和温度条件对次级代谢多样性的影响较为明显。     

红色赤潮藻对球形棕囊藻的化感作用研究

红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)都是近年来在我国近岸海域频繁引发赤潮的藻类。为了探索红色赤潮藻和球形棕囊藻之间是否存在化感作用及作用方式,本研究采用不同起始密度培养红色赤潮藻与球形棕囊藻,并将前者的完整细胞培养液、无细胞滤液、藻液超声破碎液分别与球形棕囊藻进行混合培养,分析红色赤潮藻对球形棕囊藻细胞生长的影响。结果显示,在红色赤潮藻细胞起始密度保持5×10⁵ cells/L的混合培养条件下,起始密度分别为5×10⁵、1×10⁶、2×10⁶、1×10⁷ cells/L的球形棕囊藻生长均受到明显的抑制;无论是含有红色赤潮藻完整细胞的培养液,还是其无细胞滤液或藻液超声破碎液,均对球形棕囊藻的生长具有显著抑制作用(P<0.01),抑制强度由强至弱依次为完整细胞培养液、无细胞滤液和藻液超声破碎液;相反,球形棕囊藻的存在对红色赤潮藻细胞的生长无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,红色赤潮藻具有抑制球形棕囊藻生长...     

酿酒酵母孢子萌发的激光镊子拉曼光谱研究

【目的】在生理状态下利用激光镊子拉曼光谱系统对单个酿酒酵母孢子萌发过程进行实时监测,探讨掩盖在群体平均信息下的个体生命信息。【方法】将葡萄糖溶液加入酿酒酵母孢子悬液中诱导孢子萌发,在孢子萌发过程中每隔30min取样并利用激光镊子拉曼光谱系统测定单个酵母孢子的拉曼光谱。【结果】单细胞实时平均拉曼光谱可显示孢子萌发过程中细胞内生物分子的变化:萌发期内分别归属于DNA、蛋白质的722cm-1,1006cm-1峰的峰高基本不变,随后在生长期上升明显,说明生长期胞内开始大量复制DNA,并合成蛋白质;归属脂类的1751cm-1峰的减弱趋势明显,可能是胞内脂类物质消耗造成的。整个萌发生长过程中,源自葡糖糖和海藻糖的858cm-1,908cm-1,1084cm-1,1118cm-1等峰强度先下降后上升,表明在适宜的生长条件下,海藻糖可能转化为单糖被细胞吸收利用,当营养物质逐渐被消耗时,细胞会再次累积海藻糖以抵抗外界不利条件。【结论】激光镊子拉曼光谱技术可反映胞内生物大分子的活动规律,获知单个酵母孢子萌发过程中物质变化的丰富信息,是探索单个活细胞实时生化变化的有效工具。     

溶藻细菌L7的高密度培养及溶藻活性物质提纯鉴定

  针对一株溶藻细菌L7,探索溶藻细菌高密度培养的工艺参数及溶藻活性物质提纯鉴定的关键技术,为生物杀藻剂的研制奠定理论基础。在溶藻细菌L7的高密度培养阶段,通过设置单因素实验及正交实验、应用摇瓶及自动发酵罐筛选出适宜培养溶藻细菌L7的培养基（碳源葡萄糖、氮源氯化铵、C/N质量比3∶1、初始pH值7.5）、细菌接种量3.1×10⁷ cfu/mL、DO［30%（±10%）］及搅拌速率［(160±10)r/min］;在溶藻细菌L7溶藻活性物质的提纯鉴定阶段,通过透析、凝胶柱层析、高效液相色谱、液质联用仪等物质提纯鉴定手段,获得2种溶藻活性物质,相对分子质量分别为588.2、365.0,相较而言,相对分子质量为365.0的物质的溶藻作用更强。     

Rice protoplasts isolated directly from mature-embryo-derived calli

Mature-embryo-derived calli of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L) Taipei 309 were used for replicated protoplast isolation experiments. Six out of nine callus lines produced protoplasts with satisfactory yield of 5.20×10⁶–8.96×10⁶ protoplasts/g FW (fresh weight). The remaining three callus lines initiated from seeds of cryopreserved-callus-derived plants had rooty calli, resulting in low yield of protoplasts and a large number of isolated banana-shape intact cells. Viability of protoplasts ranged 87.46%–94.15%. The average size of protoplasts was 207.49–379.04 μm² in different callus lines. Comparitive experiments were also carried out using both calli and suspension culture cells for protoplast isolation. The results demonstrated that protoplast isolation of calli was a substantially simplified and reliable method for preparing rice protoplasts. Jin Deming: born in Jan. 1959, Associated Professor     

气相色谱检测芦荟中海藻糖方法的建立

用1-甲基咪唑、氯化羟胺、乙酸酐将海藻糖衍生化,以气相色谱法作为定量分析手段,建立了植物组织中微量海藻糖定量检测方法.用该方法对同一种糖类衍生物进行多次分析,其特征峰保留时间误差在3 s内;能将D-葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖和海藻糖进行分离.海藻糖在（3.697～28.661）×10^-9 g检测量范围内其相关系数为0.998 6.利用本实验建立的植物组织中微量海藻糖定量检测的方法,分别对3年生、5年生库拉索芦荟和半年生海藻糖合成酶基因转化芦荟凝胶中海藻糖的含量进行测定,结果表明：5年生库拉索芦荟凝胶中海藻糖含量是3年生的1.59倍,每10 g凝胶匀浆中分别为1.103×10^-5 g和6.905×10^-6 g;每10 g半年生海藻糖合成酶基因转化芦荟凝胶匀浆中海藻糖含量为1.614×10^-5 g,是3年生的2.33倍.证明目的基因成功转入芦荟并已经表达.     

Metabolism of fibrates by cytochrome P450s and UDP-glycosyltransferases in rat and human liver microsomes

Fibrates are widely used for the treatment of dyslipidemia.However,the contributions of the phase I and phase II metabolic pathways to the clearance of fibrates are unclear.In this study,we investigated the metabolism of gemfibrozil(Gem) ,clofibric acid(CA) ,fenofibric acid(FA) and bezafibrate(Beza) by cytochrome P450s(P450s) and UDP-glycosyltransferases(UGTs) using a substrate depletion approach.We also compared the metabolic characteristics of rat liver microsomes(RLM) and human liver microsomes(HLM) .The intrinsic clearance rates mediated by P450s,UGTs and both were 172 ± 22,643 ± 26,798 ± 103 μL min-1 mg-1,respectively,for Gem and 43 ± 11,88 ± 12,119 ± 15 μL min-1 mg-1,respectively,for CA in RLM.The fractions metabolized by P450s and UGTs in RLM were 22% and 81% for Gem,36% and 74% for CA.The P450-and UGT-mediated depletion rates for Gem were 303 and 1607 nmol min-1 mg-1 in RLM versus 86 and 243 nmol min-1 mg-1 in HLM.The corre-sponding rates for CA were 1.1 and 1.7 nmol min-1 mg-1 in RLM versus 0.025 and 0.038 nmol min-1 mg-1 in HLM.Accordingly,both P450s and UGTs substantially contribute to the clearance of Gem and CA,with UGTs playing a greater role.To avoid un-der-estimating the impact of these pathways,it is necessary to measure NADPH-and UDPGA-dependent metabolism.Although the fractions of these two pathways in RLM and HLM were similar,the depletion rate of Gem and CA in RLM was higher than that in HLM.The metabolism of FA and Beza by P450s and UGTs was too low to calculate intrinsic clearance in both RLM and HLM.These results indicate that fibrates are metabolized via similar pathways in rats and humans,and it is applicable to use RLM to predict the clearance of fibrates in human.     

UV胁迫酵母细胞凋亡过程的拉曼光谱研究

【目的】了解UV诱导酵母细胞发生凋亡过程中生物大分子的变化及细胞凋亡的分子机制。【方法】应用单细胞激光光镊拉曼光谱技术(LTRS),实时研究酵母细胞凋亡过程中拉曼光谱强度的动态变化,分析单个细胞凋亡过程的生理生化变化。【结果】致死剂量UV照射酵母细胞后,细胞发生凋亡。对于群体细胞,归属于核酸的1085cm-1,1300cm-1,蛋白质的850cm-1,1440cm-1,1604cm-1,1650cm-1和脂类的1085cm-1,1300cm-1,1440cm-1拉曼峰强度都随凋亡时间的延长而降低,反映酵母细胞在凋亡过程中,细胞内核酸、蛋白质、脂质等大分子物质的含量随时间变化逐步减少;1604cm-1下降幅度最大,到凋亡后期下降60%,反映细胞凋亡过程中能量代谢受阻,呼吸产能活力下降,推测与麦角固醇结构与功能改变有关。单个细胞凋亡过程动态的光谱变化显示,归属于蛋白质等生物大分子的光谱强度也呈下降趋势,但是在90~120min和125~167min时间段里,850cm-1,1085cm-1,1300cm-1,1440cm-1和1665cm-1拉曼峰强度出现恢复性的上升和下降过程,说明群体细胞平均后的光谱数据信息,掩盖了个体细胞凋亡过程中一些信息的变化,群体细胞的结果不能完全反映个体细胞真实的生理状态。【结论】LTRS基于单个细胞水平上的研究,能更直接、真实地反映UV胁迫下细胞内生物大分子变化的动态信息。     

Primary 3-dimensional culture of mouse hepatocytes

Complex 3-dimensional structures with good functions have been obtained under the primary mixcoculture of mouse hepatocytes with mouse liver fibroblasts without serum. Albumin secretion is kept above 10 μg/10⁶ cells and urea synthesis reaches 25 μg/10⁶ on the 7th day of culture. Avoiding serum affection, liver fibroblasts’ effects on hepatocytes’ viability, functions and 3-dimensional structure forming in primary serum-free culture have been studied. Important effects of the mesenchyma, especially the direct adherence of fibroblasts to hepatocytes, are shown.     

Permeation of vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes across MDCK cell monolayer and comparison with Caco-2 cells

The permeation and eytotoxicity of three insulin-mimetic vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes were studied using the MDCK cell monolayer in comparison with the Caeo-2 cells. On MDCK cell monolayer, the apparent permeation coefficients （Papp） were estimated to be （7.5±1.0）×10^-6, （1.0±0.2）×10^-6, （1.7±0.4）× 10^-6cm/s for V（Ⅴ）, V（Ⅵ）, and V（Ⅲ）-dipie complexes, respectively. The permeability of V（Ⅴ）-dipie complexes is much better than the others, which is in agreement with its better hypoglycemie effect in animal tests. On Caeo-2 cell monolayer, Papp were found to be in the range of 1-3×10^-6 ends and not to be affected by excessive amounts of dipieolinate ligand. By contrast, the permeability in the AP→BL direction across the MDCK monolayer increased greatly in the presence of free ligands, suggesting existence of active transport mechanism of vanadium complex anions on the MDCK cells. The eytotoxieity of the three complexes was found similar and the IC50 were measured in the range of 0.6-0.9 mmol/L for MDCK cells and 1.6--2 mmol/L for Caco-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of three vanadium complexes was conceivably in consistence with their permeability, suggesting that the toxicity, permeation and cellular metabolism of vanadium complexes are closely related.