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1.
贵州茂兰喀斯特森林生态系统服务功能价值评估   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李苇洁  李安定  陈训 《贵州科学》2010,28(4):72-77,114
根据森林生态系统服务功能的内涵和森林生态系统特征,采用物质量和价值量相结合的评价方法,使用市场价值法、影子工程法、生产成本法、机会成本法定量评价贵州省茂兰喀斯特森林生态系统服务功能的经济价值。结果表明:在茂兰喀斯特森林生态系统服务功能价值平均每年达394,123,79万元,其中涵养水源价值为15,317.61万元,净化水质价值为22,599.19万元,保持水土价值为118,843.97万元,固碳制氧价值为1,586.03万元,净化环境价值为194,757.37万元;林产品直接经济价值为1,019.61万元,游憩服务价值为4亿元(2008年)。间接价值是直接价值的8.61倍。  相似文献   

2.
按照土地利用方式,根据山地复合生态系统的特点和服务功能的内涵,采用物质量和价值量相结合的评价方法,结合实地抽样调查,定量评价了重庆市土湾复合生态系统服务功能经济价值.结果表明:土湾复合生态系统服务功能价值中的正效应平均每年达50.51万元,负效应达-8.91万元,整体效应为34.56万元,整个复合生态系统生态效应较好;...  相似文献   

3.
中国栎林生态服务功能评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 森林生态服务功能评估是科学认识森林,实现人与森林和谐发展的基础。虽然国内外研究已有30多年历史,但至今还未有多数人认可的评估指标体系和评估方法。为此在2008年国家林业局颁布的中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T 1721-2008)标准的框架下,采用中国森林生态系统定位研究网络(CFERN)台站多年连续观测数据和森林资源清查数据及公共数据对中国栎林生态服务功能物质量和价值量进行了详细的动态评估。结果表明:“九五”期间中国栎林生态系统服务功能年均总价值为1475 8万亿元,年均单位面积价值为7987 2万元·hm-2;“十五”期间生态服务功能年均总价值1397 1万亿元,年均单位面积价值为7668 9万元·hm-2,年均涵养水源70681亿m3,固土582亿t,固碳094亿t,生产有利于人体健康的负离子185×1013亿个,吸收二氧化硫1586亿kg,滞尘3 8391717亿kg。在中国栎林分布的27个省份中,生态服务功能物质量受益最大的省份是黑龙江省,收益最小的省份是青海省。生态服务功能总价值最大的省份是云南省,最小的是陕西省。  相似文献   

4.
以巴尔鲁克山自然保护区的森林生态系统为研究对象,从物质量与价值量的角度,采用影子工程法、机会成本法、市场价值法等研究方法,对巴尔鲁克山自然保护区森林生态系统生产有机物、涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、净化环境、营养元素积累、生物多样性保护、森林游憩这8项功能12个指标进行价值量评估,最后算出研究区森林生态系统服务功能总价值和单位面值价值。结果表明:该自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能总价值为:7.05×108元·a-1,单位面积价值为:3.08×104元·hm-2·a-1。其中,直接经济价值为0.5×104元·a-1,占总价值中的7.04%;间接价值总和为6.6×104元·a-1,占总价的92.96%。各项功能价值的大小顺序为:固碳释氧价值涵养水源价值生物多样性保护价值保育土壤价值游憩价值积累有机物价值净化环境价值生产有机物价值。  相似文献   

5.
基于森林生态系统连续观测与清查体系,依据中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T 1721-2008),并结合2016年上海市森林资源监测成果数据,对上海城市森林生态系统服务功能价值进行了评估.结果表明:2016年上海市森林生态系统服务功能总价值为125.8亿元,每公顷森林提供的价值量为12.75万元.8项森林生态系统服务功能价值量从大到小的顺序为:森林游憩(26.03%)净化大气环境(22.03%)固碳释氧(20.24%)涵养水源(17.14%)生物多样性保护(9.10%)保育土壤(3.53%)林木积累营养物质(1.84%)森林防护(0.09%).从研究结果来看,森林游憩功能的价值量最高.森林游憩、净化大气环境、固碳释氧和涵养水源是上海城市森林生态系统服务功能的主体功能,对于上海市营造宜居型城市及创建"生态之城"具有重要作用.  相似文献   

6.
红双自然保护区生态系统服务功能价值评估   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
红双自然保护区具有提供生态系统产品、固碳释氧,涵养水源、净化空气、保持与改良土壤、维持生物多样性、提供文化娱乐服务等7项生态系统核心服务功能.从物质量与价值量的角度,利用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法等研究方法对红双自然保护区每年的生态经济价值进行估算.结果表明,该自然保护区每年总生态经济价值为3 765.65万元(平均为1.41万元/公顷),其中直接价值为344.39万元,间接价值为3 421.26万元,两者之比接近1:10.研究表明,红双自然保护区生态系统具有巨大的生态服务功能,对温州市生态环境建设具有重要作用.  相似文献   

7.
江西广丰森林生态服务及其价值研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王兵  王丹 《江西科学》2010,28(5):630-637,687
森林生态服务功能评估是国内外研究的热点之一,依据森林生态服务功能评估标准,采用森林生态系统定位研究网络台站多年连续观测数据和森林资源清查数据及公共数据、实测数据对广丰县森林生态服务功能物质量和价值量及其变化进行了评价,并分析其变化原因。结果表明,广丰县生态效益价值为46.75亿元/a,大于江西省平均值,占全县GDP的36.52%,但除涵养水源功能等以外,其它12项功能总物质量均小于江西省平均值;不同林分类型生态服务功能物质量不同,各项均呈现出马尾松最大,灌木林、经济林、竹林较大,国外松、软阔类较小的明显变化规律,主要由林分面积和林分单位面积生态服务功能物质量不同造成;与全省平均值相比,广丰县单位面积生态效益价值增加了2.48%,达到5.38万元.hm-2.a-1,各林分类型大小顺序为混交林竹林灌木林硬阔类经济林马尾松国外松软阔类杉木。  相似文献   

8.
森林生态系统服务功能价值评估对促进林业可持续发展具有重要意义。利用遥感数据与GIS空间统计分析方法,分析贵州省2015年森林生态系统服务功能价值及空间分布特征。结果表明:1)贵州省森林生态系统服务功能价值量高达6 167亿元,各功能价值量排名为固碳释氧、生物多样性保护、净化大气环境、涵养水源、固土保肥、游憩、积累营养物质;2)生态系统服务功能价值量在市域水平上的空间分布呈现出北部遵义最高,东南部黔东南、黔南较高,中西部较低,西部六盘水市最低的分布态势,这一特征与当地地势条件与人类活动强度相关;3)黔东南、黔南自治州等部分地区应进一步依托森林生态系统服务功能价值较高的优势,大力发展林业绿色产业,走兴林富民道路;加强面向生态系统服务功能的林业大数据系统建设,为完善生态文明体制机制提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

9.
江西省森林生态系统服务功能价值评估   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13  
在探讨森林生态系统服务功能的基础上,运用生态经济学方法,根据1998年江西省国土资源遥感调查资料,对江西省森林生态系统服务功能价值进行了定量评估。结果表明,全省森林系统服务功能总价值平均每年为1177.53亿元,其中涵养水源的价值为585.66亿元,净化环境功能的价值为458.14亿元,保持土壤减少侵蚀的价值为121.95亿元。  相似文献   

10.
胡生新 《甘肃科技》2009,25(12):86-88
20世纪70年代以来,生态系统服务功能开始成为一个科学术语及生态学与生态经济学研究的分支。目前,在其概念和内涵上已达成共识。生态系统眼务功能评价是生态系统综合评价的有机组成部分,是对生态系统进行有效管理的基础。评价的方法有物质量评价和价值量评价两种。对价值量评价的实际意义和方法尚有很大争议,是目前生态经济学研究的一个热点。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

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