汽轮机静叶表面水膜缝隙抽吸的试验研究

在气液两相流试验装置上,对汽轮机空心静叶表面水膜缝隙抽吸进行了试验研究,并结合两相流动数值方法对水滴沉积的径向分布进行了探讨.试验条件为:叶栅进口空气湿度为7%,水滴直径分布在1.5～201μm之间,抽吸缝隙宽度为1 mm,缝隙角度为45°.研究结果表明:吸力面上的抽吸缝在相对弧长约为0.5处具有最大的抽水效率,而压力面的抽吸缝隙越靠近尾缘处抽水效率越高,且压力面的缝隙抽水性能比吸力面的好,增加气流速度会引起抽水效率降低,增大缝隙抽吸压差可以提高抽水效率.另外,抽水效率沿着叶高方向是增加的.     

空心静叶蒸汽加热除湿传热特性的研究

针对空心静叶蒸汽加热除湿过程中加热蒸汽侧凝结换热、叶片固壁热传导以及主流蒸汽侧沸腾换热的传热特性,开展了平板蒸汽加热除湿实验和一维理论分析。研究了主流蒸汽马赫数和加热温差对传热特性的影响,并基于实验数据拟合了蒸汽加热除湿过程的综合传热系数关联式。研究结果表明,一维理论分析得到的综合传热系数与实验值偏差小于10%,可用于汽轮机空心静叶蒸汽加热除湿的方案设计中。主流蒸汽马赫数的增大有利于叶片外表面的水膜蒸发,从而增大主蒸汽侧的沸腾换热传热系数,马赫数为0.28、0.31时,主流蒸汽沸腾换热的热阻最大;马赫数为0.42时,固壁导热过程的热阻最大。主流马赫数是影响综合传热系数的主要因素,加热温差的影响很小,马赫数为0.42时的综合传热系数达到马赫数为0.28、0.31时的2倍左右。     

汽轮机缝隙抽湿式隔板中的水份运动特性

本文计算并分析了湿蒸汽汽轮机级隔板中大分散度水份的尺寸分布、运动特性及沉积位置。利用平板上的气-水膜两相流试验装置,研究了流动参数对沉积水份流动形式的影响,并测定了壁面上抽湿缝隙的去湿率与抽吸压差、缝隙宽度、汽流切应力及水膜雷诺数等参数的关系.     

缝隙吹扫对静叶出口二次水滴直径影响的试验研究

在缝隙热气流吹扫条件下,利用Malvern粒度分析仪对空心静叶尾迹区的二次水滴直径及直径分布进行了测量.实验参数如下:进口空气湿度为7.94%,出口气流速度为170 m/s,缝隙宽度为1.0 mm,缝隙角度为45°,吹扫气流温度比主气流温度高50℃,缝隙位置分别位于静叶的内弧和背弧.试验结果表明:缝隙吹扫可以使静叶尾迹区的二次水滴的最小直径和最大直径都有所减小,Sauter平均直径减小33.4%,且水滴直径分布范围变窄;吹扫压差越大,二次水滴的直径就越小,直径分布也越窄,有利于减轻或防止动叶的水蚀;静叶背弧上缝隙吹扫的去水效果优于内弧上缝隙吹扫的去水效果.     

汽轮机静叶出气边附近水相运动规律的试验研究

在自行研制的模拟汽轮机湿蒸汽级静叶栅试验台上，利用高速摄影和光散射等测试技术开展了尾迹区水相运动特性等项的试验研究，并结合两相流动数值模拟方法对水相运动规律进行了较系统的探讨，研究结果表明：高速气流作用下静叶吸力面上的水膜流动是溪状的；水相在静叶出气边附近的撕裂、运动受尾迹涡影响明显，且呈周期性现象，给出了不同气流流速下粗大水滴二次雾化的位置等信息，在试验工况条件下，粗大水滴完成二次雾化的位置距离静叶栅出口边最长约15mm，二次雾化后的水滴直径为5.8～62μm，其Sauter平均直径约为8～10μm，提出了结合低能流体抽吸技术在静叶尾缘开缝抽吸去湿以降低流动损失，以及依据试验结果合理确定动静叶栅轴向间隙的新思路。     

双抽吸缝除湿方法的数值研究

采用两相流模型对开双抽缝除湿槽的某末级中空静叶片进行了数值模拟研究。根据除湿机理设计了两种双抽吸缝结构,数值模拟了采用双抽吸缝结构一级蒸汽透平叶栅流场。比较了两种双抽吸缝方案条件下不同叶高上湿度场和压力场。指出应该将除湿效果和对蒸汽流场的影响进行同步评估,方案A(缝宽3.5 mm)具有较好的处理蒸汽和水膜的能力,其除湿效果要优于方案B(缝宽5 mm)。     

缝隙宽度对汽轮机空心静叶去水效率影响的实验研究

为了防止或减轻汽轮机末级动叶片的严重水蚀,利用空气－水膜两相流动实验装置,在不同条件下对平板空心叶片上的去湿缝隙宽度与去水效率的关系进行了大量的实验研究,得到了缝隙宽度与去水效率的关系曲线。     

载荷分布对可控扩散叶型性能的影响

叶型吸力面和压力面等熵马赫数分布符合控制扩散规律,则其设计点损失小、低损失攻角范围大。为了研究可控扩散叶型载荷分布对叶栅气动性能的影响,建立了可控扩散叶型自动优化设计方法;并对叶栅进口马赫数为0.7的静子和转子叶型进行多个载荷分布设计,分析载荷分布规律对叶栅性能的影响。结果表明对于静子及转子叶型,载荷前移(至0.1倍相对轴向弦长位置)可抑制吸力面附面层发展,降低设计进气角损失、增大低损失攻角范围;吸力面峰值马赫数增大,吸力面靠前缘凸起程度越大,小攻角损失增加、最低损失对应进气角增大。     

高负荷静子表面附面层抽吸试验研究

为掌握高负荷静子内部流动特征,研究附面层抽吸对静子性能流动的影响,采用数值和试验相结合的方法,对高负荷末级吸附式静子的气动性能开展研究,分析高马赫数来流条件下的静叶气动性能,研究叶片表面附面层抽吸对高负荷静子气动性能的影响.研究表明:随着吸气量的增加,静子的气流折转能力增加,落后角减小2°~3°;静子的减速扩压能力增加,出口马赫数减小0.03~0.07;吸气量增加到0.08 kg/s时达到最佳值,此时,静子落后角和出口马赫数达到最小值;进一步增加吸气流量,落后角、马赫数反而增大.     

平板和静叶表面气流-水膜耦合流动特性的数值研究

针对平板表面的空气水膜和透平静叶栅中的水蒸气水膜耦合流动特性提出了分析气流与壁面水膜耦合作用的数值方法,即气相主流和液相水膜视为相对独立的开口系,通过在两相各自的控制方程中添加考虑相间动量和能量交换的源项,实现水膜和气流的双向耦合计算。研究表明:平板表面水膜厚度和进口水膜雷诺数近似呈1/2指数幂关系,与来流马赫数呈反比关系,与出口背压呈弱负指数次幂关系;水膜流速与出口背压近似呈线性关系;水膜附加损失对水膜流量的变化较为敏感,对来流马赫数并不敏感;透平静叶压力面侧水膜厚度分布较为均匀,在叶顶角区的叶片表面出现水膜聚积,吸力面侧水膜厚度变化较为剧烈,在叶顶和叶根角区的叶片表面出现水膜聚积。从而得出影响透平叶栅通道中水膜分布的机理是,壁面曲率通过影响相间剪切力来影响壁面水膜厚度和速度的分布,端壁上从压力面到吸力面的二次流引起水膜向吸力面侧聚积,通道涡和角涡引起的径向压力梯度导致叶片表面水膜沿叶高重新分布,水膜聚积对叶片表面的压力分布和出口气流角产生显著影响。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.