污泥灰改性黏土胀缩与开裂变形特性

针对垃圾填埋场衬垫系统受污染物侵蚀破坏现状及污水处理厂剩余污泥回收处理利用工程评价问题,分析污泥灰改性黏土在酸碱化学溶液作用下胀缩与开裂特性,室内模拟酸碱化学溶液污染工况,将纯黏土与污泥灰掺量为1%~5%的改性黏土受pH=5、6、8、9的酸碱化学溶液污染,通过界限含水率试验测定改性黏土的液限与塑限,分析试样的稠度界限;通过膨胀与收缩试验测定改性黏土的膨胀率与收缩率,分析试样的胀缩特性;通过开裂试验测定改性黏土的开裂特性.结果表明:改性黏土液限约为43.5%,而随着污泥灰掺量增大,塑限升高,塑性指数降低,经酸碱化学溶液污染后污泥灰掺量5%的试样液、塑限达到最大,为45.9%、22.8%;污泥灰掺量为5%时膨胀率最低,为5.66%,掺量为3%时,线收缩率最低,为2.14%;受酸碱化学溶液污染后改性黏土膨胀率降低12.7%~36.5%,而线收缩率升高33.8%~75.7%;4次干湿循环后,纯黏土试样的开裂因子较第一次干湿循环末期大80.71%,而污泥灰掺量为3%试样开裂因子仅较第一次干湿循环末期大43.47%.故建议采用3%污泥灰掺量的改性黏土作为填埋场衬垫材料.     

N-Acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene reacts preferentially with a control region of intracellular SV40 chromosome

Many chemical carcinogens or their metabolites react with DNA; thus it is of interest to determine what effect chromosomal structure has on these reactions. The chromosome of simian virus 40 (SV40) is well suited for such studies; like chromatin of eukaryotic cells, it is organized into nucleosomes. The nucleotide sequence of SV40 is known, together with much about the pattern of viral gene expression and DNA replication, and the structure of the viral chromosome. We have investigated the binding of the ultimate carcinogen, N-acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene (AAAF), to specific regions of the SV40 chromosome in situ in the intact infected cell. The results, reported here, indicate that a region containing regulatory functions on the intracellular SV40 chromosome has unique structural properties which render it more susceptible to attack by AAAF than the rest of the SV40 genome. The preferential binding of AAAF to regulatory regions of chromatin may have implications for the mechanism of action of this and similar carcinogens.     

丙酮酸壳聚糖衍生物的制备及其吸附性能研究

利用壳聚糖C2位上活泼氨基与丙酮酸进行大分子反应,采用正交试验法优化合成条件,合成了带有高取代羧基、能溶于水的功能聚合物－丙酮酸改性壳聚糖（简称PCTS）,研究了PCTS对Cu^2 ,Zn^2 ,Co2 等重金属离子的吸附性能,其对低浓度金属离子去除率分别达到100％,99．8％和40．5％,与壳聚糖、水杨醋改性壳聚糖相比,溶解性能和吸附性能有较大提高。     

Base-excision repair of oxidative DNA damage

Maintaining the chemical integrity of DNA in the face of assault by oxidizing agents is a constant challenge for living organisms. Base-excision repair has an important role in preventing mutations associated with a common product of oxidative damage to DNA, 8-oxoguanine. Recent structural studies have shown that 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylases use an intricate series of steps to locate and excise 8-oxoguanine lesions efficiently against a high background of undamaged bases. The importance of preventing mutations associated with 8-oxoguanine is shown by a direct association between defects in the DNA glycosylase MUTYH and colorectal cancer. The properties of other guanine oxidation products and the associated DNA glycosylases that remove them are now also being revealed.     

DNA分子在云母表面拉直技术的研究

对DNA分子的生物、物理和化学性质的很多研究,都要求对单个DNA分子的性质进行深入探索,实现DNA分子在基底表面上的拉直是对其深入研究的物理基础。文章在APS溶液处理过的云母片表面,通过不同的方法完成了对DNA分子的拉直操作,利用原予力显微镜对拉直后的DNA分子进行了表征,获得了DNA分子拉直后的形貌,并对每种拉直方法进行了比较和讨论。     

改性活性炭的吸附性能变异探讨

分别用ＨＮＯ３、Ｈ２Ｏ２、（ＮＨ４）２Ｓ２Ｏ８试剂对活性炭进行改性处理，测定其表面结构和从水溶液中吸附邻甲酚的等温线，探讨了活性炭的表面化学性质与表面结构特性对吸附的影响。     

偕肟胺螯合纤维循环 复用处理镀铜废液的研究

对偕肟胺螯合纤维循环复用处理镀铜废液进行了系统的研究,研究结果表明利用聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)与盐酸羟胺发生反应生成偕肟胺基的螯合纤维(用L表示)对铜离子有良好的吸附.并通过实验确定出L对Cu     

Preparation and properties of chitosan-VC loaded nano-silver-doped natural latex

As one kind of the modern medical devices, various catheters are commonly used in interventional therapy, but they are prone to infection in the human body, which is a defect in clinical treatment. At present, the commonly used catheters are mostly treated with antibacterial coatings on the rubber catheters. However, there are some problems for their application, such as, easy peeling of the coating and poor durability of antibacterial properties. In order to solve the above problems, a kind of nano-silver antibacterial agent reduced and stabilized by Vitamin C modified chitosan was prepared, and then added into natural latex to produce an antibacterial latex with antibacterial properties from the inside to the outside. The chemical properties, mechanical properties and antibacterial properties of the samples were characterized, and the antibacterial mechanism of VC modified chitosan/nano silver was analyzed. The results showed that the antibacterial rates of the latex samples against E. coli and S. aureus reached 97.38% and 98.45%.     

改性壳聚糖离子交换膜制备研究进展

离子交换膜广泛应用于海水淡化、环境保护、化工生产和食品加工等领域,发挥着越来越重要的作用。壳聚糖具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性、无毒和化学及热稳定性,逐渐成为离子交换膜材料的研究热点。为克服其溶解性差等缺点,增加其应用范围,通常对壳聚糖进行改性,拓宽其物理化学性能。综述并分析了近年来基于改性壳聚糖用于阳离子交换膜、阴离子交换膜和单价选择性离子交换膜的研究状况,展望了改性壳聚糖在离子交换膜领域中的发展趋势。     

Recognition of SUMO-modified PCNA requires tandem receptor motifs in Srs2

Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifiers such as SUMO (also known as Smt3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mediate signal transduction through post-translational modification of substrate proteins in pathways that control differentiation, apoptosis and the cell cycle, and responses to stress such as the DNA damage response. In yeast, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA (also known as Pol30) is modified by ubiquitin in response to DNA damage and by SUMO during S phase. Whereas Ub-PCNA can signal for recruitment of translesion DNA polymerases, SUMO-PCNA signals for recruitment of the anti-recombinogenic DNA helicase Srs2. It remains unclear how receptors such as Srs2 specifically recognize substrates after conjugation to Ub and Ubls. Here we show, through structural, biochemical and functional studies, that the Srs2 carboxy-terminal domain harbours tandem receptor motifs that interact independently with PCNA and SUMO and that both motifs are required to recognize SUMO-PCNA specifically. The mechanism presented is pertinent to understanding how other receptors specifically recognize Ub- and Ubl-modified substrates to facilitate signal transduction.     

改性化工污泥与煤的成浆性及燃烧性分析

选取两种方法对化工污泥进行改性并研究改性后的污泥添加量对污泥水煤浆(S-CWS)成浆性、流变性和燃烧性的影响,从而获得制备高浓度污泥水煤浆的工艺参数.结果表明:选用Na OH对污泥进行改性制备出的污泥水煤浆成浆性较好;改性污泥添加量在10%~20%,可以得到成浆性良好的污泥水煤浆;添加改性污泥的污泥水煤浆较普通水煤浆的燃烧性能增加.     

SBS和POE增韧阻燃HIPS的研究

分别以苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)和乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)为增韧剂,研究了它们对阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)物理机械性能和阻燃性能的影响.结果表明:以SBS为增韧剂所得复合材料的综合性能优于以POE为增韧剂所得复合材料的综合性能;复合材料的冲击强度随SBS用量的增大而增大,当SBS用量为12%时,其冲击强度达到8kJ/m2左右,较未经增韧改性复合材料的冲击强度增加了6 kJ/m2左右,并且SBS的加入不会对复合材料的阻燃性能产生不利影响.     

Formation of proinsulin by immobilized Bacillus subtilis

There has been an increasing interest in the use of immobilized cells for the production of pharmaceuticals as well as for products such as high fructose syrup or ethanol. Some of these compounds are now produced on an industrial scale whereby the cells are used in a resting or growing state or in a nonviable form as natural carriers of the enzyme(s) involved in the synthesis. The advantages of immobilized cell technology should also apply to microorganisms modified by recombinant DNA techniques to produce a variety of eukaryotic proteins such as hormones. We describe here the properties of immobilized Bacillus subtilis cells carrying plasmids encoding rat proinsulin. Cell proliferation normally coupled to DNA replication is undesirable in immobilized cell systems as "clogging' of the system occurs due to cells growing outside the beads. Therefore, different ways were investigated to inhibit cell division while allowing continued protein synthesis. We found that the addition of certain antibiotics in the growth medium, such as novobiocin which inhibits DNA replication, fulfills these requirements, allowing proinsulin synthesis and excretion to take place over a period of several days.     

电晕处理对毛织物表面性能的影响

对羊毛织物的表面进行了电晕处理，用XPS和SEM研究了处理前后纤维袁面化学结构及物理结构的变化，探讨羊毛的润湿性、表面静电性能和对植物染料染色性能的变化．结果表明，经电晕处理后，羊毛表面舍氧量增多，表面漫润性得到改善，增加了纤维表面的亲水性；此外，电晕处理导致鳞片表层胱氨酸的部分二硫键氧化断裂，改善了对植物染料黄连的染色性能，表现为上染速度提高，但上染率变化不大．     

Novel materials from protein-polymer grafts

Proteins are the most underrated and under-used polymers: their impressive properties include infusibility, great mechanical strength and inherent adhesive capability due to a highly flexible backbone and many functional side chains. The notion of moisture sensitivity of proteins is not universally true. Barnacle cement (which can adhere to Teflon) and mussel and clam byssus, all of which are 99% protein, set in the presence of water and resist enzymatic as well as chemical degradation at ambient temperature. This observation suggests that proteins that are capable of tight three-dimensional cross-linking can overcome sensitivity to moisture and enzymatic attack. It should then be possible to achieve similar resistance by appropriate chemical manipulation of proteins, leading to cross-linking. We have achieved such a result with an ordinary protein, commercially available gelatin, which was chemically modified and then epoxidized. When cured such a material binds to metals and plastics. Any protein that has modifiable amino acids can be used for this purpose.     

多聚磷酸对沥青高低温性能和老化性能的影响

采用不同掺量多聚磷酸（PPA）对沥青进行改性,研究了PPA对沥青高低温性能和老化性能的影响,并借助化学组分和红外光谱测试分析了PPA改性沥青的老化机理。结果表明：随着PPA掺量增加,沥青的软化点和粘度升高,弗拉斯脆点向低温移动,沥青的高低温性能均得到改善。与未改性沥青相比,PPA改性沥青在短期热老化、长期热老化和紫外老化后的软化点增量、粘度老化指数和弗拉斯脆点变化量均明显减小,针入度保留率和延度保留率大幅提高。化学组分和红外光谱分析发现PPA促进了胶质向沥青质的转变,减少了沥青中易发生老化反应的活性组分,使老化过程中改性沥青的脂肪族、芳香族、羰基和亚砜基指数的变化量均明显减小,从而具有优良的抗老化性能。     

一种具有抗静电性能的改性聚酰胺材料的制备

通过三缩三乙二醇二胺和己二酸的缩聚反应合成了一种改性的聚酰胺（聚己二酰三缩三乙二醇二胺）,利用全反射傅里叶红外变换光谱和核磁共振对该聚合物进行结构表征;运用差示扫描量热法和热重分析法研究该聚合物的热性能;采用相关测试方法测试了该聚合物的耐化学性、力学性能、表面电阻率等。结果表明,该聚合物材料具有低的表面电阻率,达到抗静电材料的指标;与尼龙66具有相似的力学性能,是一种有前景、易加工的热塑性树脂,可能取代传统尼龙。     

PGC7 binds histone H3K9me2 to protect against conversion of 5mC to 5hmC in early embryos

The modification of DNA by 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has essential roles in cell differentiation and development through epigenetic gene regulation. 5mC can be converted to another modified base, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), by the tet methylcytosine dioxygenase (Tet) family of enzymes. Notably, the balance between 5hmC and 5mC in the genome is linked with cell-differentiation processes such as pluripotency and lineage commitment. We have previously reported that the maternal factor PGC7 (also known as Dppa3, Stella) is required for the maintenance of DNA methylation in early embryogenesis, and protects 5mC from conversion to 5hmC in the maternal genome. Here we show that PGC7 protects 5mC from Tet3-mediated conversion to 5hmC by binding to maternal chromatin containing dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2) in mice. In addition, imprinted loci that are marked with H3K9me2 in mature sperm are protected by PGC7 binding in early embryogenesis. This type of regulatory mechanism could be involved in DNA modifications in somatic cells as well as in early embryos.     

聚噻吩类导电聚合物修饰电极在分析化学中的应用研究进展

由于聚噻吩类导电聚合物具有诸多优点，其制务和应用已经引起人们的广泛关注，应用领域主要是电子元器件、流动体系、电分析化学等方面．本文拟就聚噻吩类导电聚合物修饰电极在分析化学中的应用研究进展做一简单评述，以便于广大分析工作者对其有更多的了解．