活性炭负载壳聚糖／纳米CdS复合粒子对甲基橙的脱色作用

用模拟生物矿化法制备了活性炭负载壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合粒子,并用于可见光光催化降解甲基橙染料模拟废水,研究了初始pH值、催化剂投加量、光照情况和催化剂重复使用等因素对甲基橙光解脱色率的影响.结果表明,当pH=2.0,催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L的条件下,对初始浓度为10 mg/L的甲基橙模拟废水进行可见光辐射处理60 min后,脱色率达到97.2%.溶液的pH值对脱色率有显著影响,酸性媒介比碱性媒介更有利于甲基橙染料光解脱色.处理前后的UV-Vis谱图分析表明,活性炭负载壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合粒子可见光辐射处理甲基橙过程中溶液出现脱色,是因为染料发生氧化光降作用.催化剂重复利用5次后,处理60 min对甲基橙的脱色率仍可达84.7%.     

针-水电极正直流高压放电对甲基橙染料废水的脱色

采用针-水电极反应器,研究正直流高压放电处理甲基橙染料废水的效果.考察了不同放电形式和实验参数下对甲基橙染料废水脱色效果的影响.实验结果表明,电晕放电在处理时间0～25 min脱色效果比击穿流光放电处理效果好,而在处理25 min后击穿流光放电脱色效果好于电晕放电.在电压18 kV、电流15 mA、处理初始质量浓度为40 mg/L的甲基橙溶液30 min时,脱色率达到98％.该反应符合一级动力学反应,反应速率常数为0.127 mg/(L·min).经过放电处理,甲基橙的特征吸收峰(465 nm)强度逐渐减弱并基本消失,分子结构中的偶氮基团与苯环组成的共轭体系被破坏,甲基橙分子被有效降解.     

负载CeO_2的活化粉煤灰的制备及对酸性红B的脱色

采用H2SO4对粉煤灰进行活化处理,再经液相沉淀法负载CeO2,制得活化粉煤灰/CeO2复合材料.EDS分析结果证实了活化粉煤灰/CeO2复合材料的形成.利用活化粉煤灰/CeO2复合材料对酸性红B模拟染料废水进行脱色处理,研究了各种反应条件对脱色效果的影响,并对脱色机理进行了探讨.实验结果表明:粉煤灰经质量分数为50%的H2SO4活化后,1g活化粉煤灰负载CeO20.25g,焙烧温度为500℃,投加灰量为10g/L,搅拌反应120min,对于初始质量浓度为20mg/L,pH=1的酸性红B模拟废水,在日光照射下脱色率达93.2%,在紫外光照射下脱色率可达97.5%.说明活化粉煤灰/CeO2复合材料对染料废水有很好的脱色效果,在造纸废水、纺织印染废水的处理上有良好的应用前景.     

络合溶胶-凝胶法制备La_(1-x)Zn_xCoO_3纳米晶及其对酸性黑10B的光催化降解

以柠檬酸为络合剂,采用络合溶胶-凝胶法合成La1-xZnxCoO3系列稀土复合氧化物纳米晶.通过TG-DTA,XRD,SEM等手段对凝胶的热分解机理,La1-xZnxCoO3的形成过程,纳米晶的物相结构,微观形貌,粒度大小等进行了研究.结果表明,前驱物在600℃焙烧时即可得到颗粒细小、组分均匀、钙钛矿型的La1-xZnxCoO3纳米晶.颗粒基本呈球形,粒径约为50nm,分散性较好.与传统的固相反应相比,用该法制得的La1-xZnxCoO3组分均匀,化学剂量比易于控制,烧成温度低.光催化性质研究发现,在适宜条件下La1-xZnxCoO3纳米晶可使染料酸性黑10B的脱色率达91.33%.     

A/OMBR组合工艺处理酞菁染料KN-G废水

采用厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合(A/O MBR)工艺,处理含酞菁染料KN-G废水.研究A/O MBR对酞菁印染废水的降解能力,以及在添加微量元素Mn和不同的进水pH值条件下的降解特性.结果表明:A/O MBR工艺对酞菁染料KN-G印染废水的化学需氧量去除率可达到90%以上,脱色率为63%;添加微量元素Mn,A/O MBR系统对酞菁染料KN-G染料的脱色率下降.当进水pH值为3.0时,平均脱色效率最高达到80%,在酸性条件下酞菁染料的脱色率优于碱性条件.     

三维电极电化学法处理茜素红模拟染料废水的研究

用三维电极电化学方法对茜素红模拟染料废水进行降解实验．考察反应器电压、电解时间．支持电解质浓度及废水pH值等因素对降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,以不锈钢作阳极,多孔石墨作阴极,活性碳颗粒作粒电极,在槽电压40V,支持电解质NaCl浓度2g／L．pH值5．1的条件下,初始浓度为300mg／L的茜素虹模拟染料废水电解40min后,脱色率达96％以上,COD去除率达88％以上。     

电解染料废水中电极配置的研究

在电解法处理染料废水中对不同的电极配置做了研究，分别对6类染料废水进行了处理实验，实验结果表明：在本实验装置电解染料废水中，15mm阴阳极间距的8目（64孔／mm^2)铁网电极对染料废水的色度和COD（化学需氧量）去除效果较好，而且能耗不大，经过6min实验，色度去除率达95％以上，COD去除率达80％以上。     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理酸性橙Ⅱ染料废水的实验研究

研究多针-板电极形式的高压脉冲放电等离子体体系对酸性橙Ⅱ染料废水的脱色效果,并研究脱色机理.结果表明,实验中所采用的多针-板电极形式的高压脉冲放电等离子体体系对酸性橙Ⅱ染料废水的脱色效果明显.在相同的脉冲电压下,系统的脉冲频率、电极间距以及溶液初始pH值和初始浓度等因素对溶液的脱色效果影响显著.在脉冲电压为30 kV,脉冲频率为75 Hz,电极间距为2.5 cm的实验条件下,反应体系放电60 min对酸性橙Ⅱ的脱色率可达92.7%.此项研究结论为进一步研究多针-板电极形式的高压脉冲放电等离子体体系的放电作用提供了依据.     

蒸汽相水解法制备磁性光催化剂Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/TiO_2及其光催化性能

采用蒸汽相水解法,以Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒为磁核,在其表面包覆一层SiO2来阻止光腐蚀,然后将锐钛矿相纳米氧化钛沉积在Fe3O4/SiO2颗粒表面,从而制得核壳结构的Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2磁性复合光催化材料。用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、探针式震动磁强计等手段对所制备的产物的结构、形貌、磁强度性能进行表征。以300W汞灯为光源,用亚甲基蓝和酸性红模拟污水中的有机染料来评价复合光催化剂的性能。结果表明,磁性纳米微球中TiO2的含量越大,其光催化性能越好,含TiO2质量分数50%的F3O4/SiO2/TiO2磁性纳米微球可在180min内降解亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水,降解率达99%,在80min内降解酸性模拟染料废水,降解率达98%。     

锰氧化物对印染废水脱色的新研究

以废旧电池中回收的锰氧化物为处理剂,分别对偶氮类染料酸性铬蓝K、碱性三苯甲烷类染料碱性品红及羟基蒽醌类染料茜素红模拟印染废水进行了研究.进行不同pH、氧化物粉末的不同投加量、反应时间及锰氧化物的后续处理的试验探讨.结果表明,初始pH是影响脱色效率的主导因素,较低的pH和适当的反应时间可提高脱色率,锰氧化物的脱色作用迅速、高效,一般在30 min内脱色能达到理想效果,经烧结处理后的锰氧化物仍对印染废水有较高的去除率及脱色率.因此废旧电池中回收的锰氧化物有望用于工业印染废水的处理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the